Mercuric chloride (lalatattu sublimate): Shiri, Properties da kuma aikace-aikacen kwamfuta

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa Mercury mahadi sosai guba da kuma mai guba. A Amurka, suna haramta don amfani a mafi yawan kyakkyawa kayayyakin, da kuma a Canada suke kunshe a cikin jerin mafi m abubuwa. Duk da haka, suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin sinadaran masana'antu don sarrafa na dyes, fungicides, robobi, kazalika a magani da kuma fasaha. Daya daga cikin wakilan wannan aji na abubuwa ne Mercury chloride (II), wanda aka fi sani a karkashin ta na biyu sunan - sublimate. Bari mu dubi wannan haɗi a more daki-daki.

Formula da kaddarorin

Mercury chloride 2-valent kaddamarda HgCl _2. Wannan fili shi ne wani fari crystalline foda. A zazzabi 277˚ C shi zai fara zuwa narke, da kuma lokacin da 304˚S - tafasar. A al'ada yanayi (25 ° C) yana mai yawa na 5,43 g / cm ^3. Mercuric chloride sublimes sauƙi bambanta appreciable volatility. A solubility na mercuric chloride a ruwa sun fi mayar dogara a kan ta zazzabi. Saboda haka, a 20 ° C, wannan adadi ne kawai 6.6%, amma wajibi ne a kawo ruwa zuwa tafasa (100 ° C) da kuma ya kai gare shi 58,3%. Bugu da kari, Mercury ne m chloride narkar da a ether, acid, pyridine. NaCl bayani a cikin wannan tsari yana tafiya ne tare da samuwar hadaddun mahadi. HgCl ₂ matsayin electrolyte ne kyawawan rauni. A hasken rana, musamman a lokacin da a lamba tare da gudanar da mahadi, da abu ne da zuciya daya rage wa cuprous chloride Hg ₂ CL ₂ (calomel) da kuma ƙarfe Mercury.

liyafar

A manyan yawa na Mercury chloride (II) a halin yanzu samar kawai ta wajen kai tsaye kira na Mercury da chlorine. A na biyu Hanyar samun kunshi a rushe mercuric HgO a mayar da hankali hydrochloric acid (HCI). A yi, shi da ake amfani da wuya, mafi yawa - a cikin shakka daga dauke da fitar dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje. A cikin farko case, da Mercury ne mai tsanani a wani yanayi na chlorine zuwa sosai high zafin jiki (game da 340˚S) sa'an nan ƙone da kuma ƙone da samuwar wani bluish-fari harshen wuta. A sakamakon vapors suna takaice a lokacin sanyaya kuma, dangane da fasahar da samun, ta samar da wata lafiya foda ko m guda.

aikace-aikace

Ya kamata a lura cewa mercuric chloride ya fara abu a kan tushen da Hg, wanda ya fara da za a yi amfani da matsayin antiseptic da disinfectant. A wannan batun, mercuric chloride ne inganci sosai, amma a lokaci guda ne sosai guba. Shi ne iya iya tunawa, a cikin fata da kuma mucous membranes da tara a cikin jikin mutum. Tun da farko, a lokacin da mutane ba su sani ba game da barazanar 'Mercury chloride, shi da aka yi amfani da warkar da fata cututtuka. Yanzu, a cikin magani aka yi amfani da mafi tufafi disinfection, wanki, kiwon lafiya kayayyakin, da dai sauransu Tun da yake wannan abu ne mai guba, ta mafita sukan musamman rasu to ba da gangan ba gauraye da sauran magunguna.

A masana'antu, da Mercury chloride da ake amfani a electroforming, itace adana, a lokacin thermal metallization da bronzing. Mercuric chloride da ake amfani da yi da batura, paints ga karkashin ruwa hulls jiragen ruwa. Ana amfani da a cikin tanning na fata, lithography, daukar hoto, kamar yadda wani magani, da dai sauransu