Mene ne tafkin kuma menene alamunsa? Alamun Lake Baikal (2nd aji)

Tankuna a duniya suna da asali daban-daban. A cikin halittar su, ruwa, glaciers, kwalliyar ƙasa da iska suna da hannu. Alamun tafkin da ya bayyana a wannan hanya na iya zama daban.

Mene ne tafkin

Abin da ake da lake, abin da suke ta bayyanar cututtuka? Amsar wannan tambaya ta ƙunshe a cikin litattafai a kan yanayin ƙasa. Tekun yana zurfafawa cikin ɓawon ruwa na duniya tare da ruwa, sabuntawar shine jinkirin. A karkashin aikin abubuwa na halitta, an kafa rami. A ƙarshe sun cika da wuri ko ruwa. Saboda haka, an samu sabon tafki.

Masana kimiyya, geographers sun ci gaba daban-daban sukayi fassara da tabkuna a gaban Flora da fauna, gwargwado, kuma Hanyar samuwar. A makaranta, ana nazarin alamun tafkin cikakken bayani (sa 2).

Ruwa marasa rai, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci. Yawan maɓuɓɓugan tafki sun samo shi ne ta hanyar tsarin tectonic da volcanic. Wani ɓangare na cikin ciki a ƙarƙashin tafkin an kafa shi ne ta hanyar glaciers a lokacin da suka dawo. Mutane da yawa sun halicci tafki don ƙarin bukatun. Kusan dukkan tafkuna sun faru saboda sakamakon rabuwa daga teku.

Damkin dam

Alamomi na tafkin tafkin dam: gaban kwarin da fadin gilashi ya sauka, raguwa, rushewar duwatsu, da dai sauransu. Irin wadannan tafkuna:

• River. Yana faruwa a lokacin rani mezhdeni akan kowane ruwa na ruwa, wanda matakin ya kasance a wurare da ke ƙasa da gabar kogi. Kogin ya juya cikin sarkar layi, rabuwa ta wuraren da baƙi.
• Floodplain. Wani suna a gare su shine tsofaffin mutane. Idan kogi ya ƙunshi hanya mafi guntu, to, a wurin tsohon tafkin wani tafkin an kafa.
• Valley. Bayyana a gorges dutse, inda akwai ruwa. A sakamakon mummunan faduwar duwatsu, tashar ruwa ta rufe tashar. Sai dai itace sabon tafkin.
• Coastal: lagoons da estuaries. Na farko shi ne gulfs na kananan zurfin, wanda aka fice daga teku ta sandy scythe ko sediments na kõguna. Na biyu - kogin bakin teku, ambaliya ta ambaliya.

Moraine Lakes

Moraines sun hada da tabkuna, wanda aka kafa saboda motsi na gilashi. The girma na su bayyana a cikin Quaternary lokaci. A lokacin yunkuri, gilashi ya bar wata hanya ta ƙunshi babban tarkace (yashi, ƙanƙara, yumbu, duwatsu, da dai sauransu). Morena ba ya zama ko da wani launi ba, amma ya haifar da tuddai da tsaunuka. Bayan sun cika da ruwa, wannan ya zama tafkuna.

Menene alamun wannan tafkin? A matsayinka na mai mulki, zurfin tafki bai wuce 10 m ba, kuma bankunan suna da kwata-kwata. Yawancin su suna da karamin yanki, amma akwai kuma manyan tafkuna (Seliger, Ilmen, Chudsko-Pskov).

Tudun Sake

Su asali ma saboda gilashi. Halin tasirin kankara, firn da kuma yanayin da ake ciki sun kai ga bayyanar cututtuka, wanda daga bisani ya cika da ruwa. Zaka iya saduwa da irin wannan tafki a tsaunuka. Alamun tafkin (carousel): zagaye ko samfuri, ƙananan yanki, iyakoki, ƙananan bankuna, ƙasa a ƙasa.

Yanayin da suka samo asali ne a kan tsaunuka. Sun tara dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, wanda saboda sakamakon sake saukewa da kuma daskarewa zurfafa motar.

Karkuna da yawa

Karsts da ake kira tafkuna, wanda ya tashi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙasa da ruwa. An kafa raƙuman ƙasa ƙarƙashin ƙasa saboda samfurori na rushewa da kuma kawar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin yumbu. Bayan dan lokaci, kasar gona sama da wannan wuri za ta kasa kuma dan rami zai bayyana.

Bayyanar cututtuka na irin wannan lake: sinkholes, ruwa-cika. Wadannan su ne wadanda aka kafa a cikin yankunan permafrost. Wani lokaci na musamman ga wadannan tekuna shine thermokarst.

Da'irar launi, tectonic da volcanic

Laguna masu karewa (sunan na biyu shine eolian) yana da tsaka-tsakin ruwa tsakanin barkhans. Hanyoyin tafiyar yanayi a wasu lokutan suna haifar da ciki, wanda ya zama tushen tafki. An kuma kira su a matsayin eolian. Wannan sunan yana da asalin Girkanci: Aeolus shine allahn iska.

Tectonic lakes sun faru a sakamakon sakamakon aiki a cikin ɓawon burodin duniya. Yawancin lokaci su masu girma ne a girman. Baikal ne mai wakiltar lakesonic lakes.

Ana iya samun laguna na volcanic a cikin craters da depressions a farfajiya na sanyaya.

Lake Baikal

Baikal shine mafi shahararrun tafkin a cikin Rasha. Ana kusa kusa da tsakiyar Asiya, kuma ɗaukakar ta yada ta nesa da kasar. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tafkuna mafi tsawo na duniya, yana da kimanin shekaru 25 da haihuwa. A wannan lokacin lokaci, nisa tsakanin bankunan ya karu da 2 cm a kowace shekara. A cikin miliyoyin shekaru tafkin zai zama mafi girma.

Mafi shahararrun alamun Lake Baikal:

• Mafi zurfin zurfin shine 1.62 km.
• Area - 31,5 km dubu ^{2 ..}
• Ya ƙunshi kashi biyar na ruwa mai duniyar duniya. Zai ɗauki shekaru 4 don cika gado marar amfani na Baikal tare da Amazon.
• 336 koguna na gudana a cikin tekun, mafi girma shi ne Selenga. Yana lissafin rabin rabin ruwan da aka gabatar.
• Angara - kadai kogin sunã gudãna daga Lake Baikal. Yana da aka gina Irkutsk HPP , kuma Ya halitta Fraternal tafki, mafi girma a duniya.

Ruwa a cikin tafkin yana da launi mai launi mai launi, kuma tsarkinsa yana da ban sha'awa. A watan Yuni, nuna gaskiyar ruwa shine iyakar, don haka zaka iya ganin abin da ke zurfin 40 m. Abincin gishiri a cikin tafkin yana da ƙananan cewa kogunan da ke gudana a ciki yana da karin mineralization. Wannan batu bai riga ya sami bayanin kimiyya ba. Akwai maganganu wanda Baikal ya yi a zurfin zurfinsa yana da iko mai mahimmancin ruwa.

A makarantun makaranta a kimiyyar halitta, suna nazarin alamun Lake Baikal (2 aji). Dukan yara suna sane da tsabta na ruwa. A cikin nazarin wannan tambaya, ba wanda zai iya magana game da mutum mai rai, godiya ga wanda ruwa daga tafkin ya dace da sha ba tare da tsarkakewa ba. Yana da karamin crustacean epishura, wanda ke zaune ne kawai a Lake Baikal. Yana tsaftace ruwan, yana wucewa ta jikinsa. Wannan crustacean ba ita ce kadai ba. Ga wannan rukuni na cikin wakilai na dabba da kayan lambu na Lake Baikal. A cikin tafkin akwai kimanin 2.6 nau'in nau'in halittu masu rai.

A cikin karni na karshe karfin ya fara samun tasiri mai karfi. A kan tekun Lake Baikal, an gina ɓangaren litattafan almara da takarda, kuma a kan Selenge River - Hukumar Kwamitin Tsarin Mulki. Akwai abokan adawa da yawa na kwamishinan su, amma bukatun wadannan tsire-tsire sun fi karfi. Rashin masana'antu na kamfanoni na da mummunar tasiri akan flora da fauna daga cikin tafkin. Ĩkon sunadarai zuwa XXI karni guba domin na 10 km ² jihar bakin teku sashi. Rashin ikon tsabta Lake Baikal ba shi da iyaka. Idan yanayin juyawa ya faru, to ba zai yiwu ba a ajiye tafkin.