Mikhail Tal - duniya dara Zakaran. biography

Yana daidai dace da stereotype na baiwa: kona idanu, sakaci a cikin bayyanar, cikakken taro a kan masarufi da kuma rashin hankali ga kananan abubuwa na rayuwa. Mikhail Tal dauki kursiyin duniya wani dan kankanin lokacin, amma har yanzu a matsayin wata baiwa daga dara, da personification daga cikin mafi girma ji kamar wasan dangane da yadda so, improvisation, wahayi, da kuma methodical ma'ana daidai zaɓuɓɓuka. Babban nasara da ya mutum ya cewa ya kiyaye har karshen fata da kuma ƙauna ga sãshe, duk da wahalhalun da ya sãme su da cewa tare da shi duk da gajeren rayuwa.

ba dukan

Asali tare da shi tun haihuwa - dama hannu aka uku-toed, cewa abokai raha kira hujja na Extraterrestrial asalin Tal. More m Malaman tarihi ganin dalilin wannan anomaly ne cewa, uwãyensa sun kasance Zumuntarku - uwan, wanda shi ne fraught tare da kwayoyin laifinsu.

Mikhail Tal da aka haife Nuwamba 9, 1936 a Riga, a wani iyali na likitoci. Kamar yadda ya daga baya ya ce: "Ina da aka wasa tare da rabo daga cikin baki guda." Its farko tafi ya hatsari: watanni shida bayan haihuwar yaron fadi m kamuwa da cuta kamar meningitis. Iyaye ne likitoci, san sosai kadan dama na rayuwa, amma su ma sun san da cewa wannan kumburi rinjayar da kwakwalwa a m hanyoyi, wani lokacin akai-akai kara yadda ya dace da ta aiki tare da nasara sakamakon cutar. The yaro tsira.

guntu yara

Domin shekaru biyar ya iya ninka uku lambar lambobi a cikin ransa, da kuma karanta tun yana da shekaru uku. War iyali Talay gudanar a kõrar ba, a cikin Perm yankin. A makaranta ya ɗauki yaron nan da nan zuwa ga uku sa, kuma a cikin Riga University, da Faculty na Mikhail Tal aka lasafta, kamar yadda wani togiya, tare da shekaru 15.

Tal memory ya kasance mamaki. Yaron a zahiri ya mayar da rubutu na littafin, wanda, kamar yadda ya zama kamar ma ga wasu, ya aka neman sauri da minti. Wannan bayani, wanda ya daukarsa musamman m, ya kasance a cikin memory har abada.

A wannan yanayin, Michael bai dauki kansa yaro prodigy. Ya boyish bukatun su ne ba daban-daban daga cikin bukatun da takwarorina - ya ƙaunace yi wasa kwallon kafa, kuma sun ciyar da yawa lokaci a guje da ball, duk da farkon Pathology ci karo a cikin aikin da kodan. Amma sannu a hankali ransa yanzu yana da wani ma'anar - dara.

farko na hanya

A shekaru 6, Mikhail Tal, wanda biography yanzu har abada hade da wannan tsoho game, da farko lokacin da na ga jirgin tare da Figures. Haka ya faru a lokacin da yaro shi a wurin aiki tare da mahaifinsa da kuma aka jiran a cikin ɗakin jira na ofis likita. Marasa lafiya yi wasa na dara, jiran liyafar. A tsohonsa ya nuna masa yadda zai tafi adadi, kuma matsahi na saba da na asali dokoki. A farko, yaron ya dauki wasan sauƙi. Tashin hankali, wanda sai ya sãɓã, nan gaba dara zakara, Boiled a shi, a lokacin da a shekaru 9 da ya samu daga wani dan uwan ziyartar '' s mate. "

Tare da shekaru 10 sai ya fara halartar wani dara kulob din a Riga Palace of Young Pioneers. A shekaru 12, ya samu da 2nd category, 14 - da farko a cikin shekaru 17, ya zama shugabansu. Da farko dara malami Tal - Janis Kruzkops - ya kasance mai taimako ga hade, aiki play. A cikin hali na Michael ne superimposed a kan fice ikon da rashin tsoro halin. Tal dara ya ba ta kasance ji tsoro daga m continuations, complicating da matsayi. Almara "ba daidai ba" wadanda ke fama da Tal - kuma sun fi mayar zo daga ta "majagaba" na yara.

adabi malami

Interest a nazarin adabi da tarihin, a fili ya samo asali da Michael ƙarƙashin rinjayar da uwa - Ida Grigorevny, a cikin matasa wanda ya saba da Ehrenburg, Picasso da sauran al'adu. A topic na sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, bayan da kariya na Jami'ar aka saki matasa malami Mikhail Tal ya "satire da kuma mutumci a cikin ayyukan Ili Ilfa da Evgeniya Petrova." Babu shakka, da m mutumci muhimmi Tal, bikin da dukkan - da kuma na dogon lokaci da mutanen da suka san shi, da kuma kawai abokai - yana da wani sauti akai.

Bayan samun digiri ya yi aiki don wani lokaci a makaranta, amma a lokacin da babban zama ya zama dara. Philological horo gaske taimaka Tal a karatu a aikin jarida, musamman, inda ya shirya mujallar wanda aka buga a Riga, "dara", sosai tsenivshiysya a dukan duniya.

Sally

A cikin wasan an ko da yaushe neman da bugu na da tasiri na allahntaka, demonic sojojin - ma mai haske, m, cike da hadari, m tunanin da kuma unpredictable style of ilhama m aka Mihaila Talya. Hasara aka neman wani bayani na kasawa a cikin hypnotic ganinsu Masters a cikin karin majiyan damar iya yin komai. Wadanda suka san Michael mafi alhẽri, wadannan yunkurin kawo wani murmushi - shi ne a cikin wasu.

Just Tal dara wani samfurin da ya janar ra'ayi zuwa ga rayuwa. A marmarin ci maza maza, su san cikakken abin mamaki, incontinence a so, kuma yana nufin domin su ganin aka tare da ransa.

Lokacin da akwai wani shiri domin mafi muhimmanci yaki da Botvinnik, don yanke shawara da rabo daga cikin zakaran duniya take, sai ya ciyar da dukan aiki na kamawa da kyau na Riga Sulamif Landau zuciya. Dukansu manufofin da aka cimma: Sally zama matarsa, da kuma ya - da zakaran duniya.

Way to Olympus

Rapid hawan zuwa Tal dara saman, kazalika da speedy rabo na Consoles ga tsohon duniya suna - almara page a duniya tarihi na dara. A shekarar 1957, wani matashi Rigan zama da Tarayyar Soviet zakara a dara, doke daraja David Bronstein da Paul Keres - contenders for duniya kambi. A nan gaba, shi ne har yanzu 5 sau lashe All-Union dara Championship.

A mataki na gaba na hanyar a dara Olympus ya zama na kasa da kasa gasa. Biye da nasara a Inter-shiyya gasar contenders a Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) da kuma a 13th dara gasar wasannin Olympic a Munich (1958). Tal lashe kasa da kasa dara gasa a Zurich (1959) da kuma gwada a cikin wannan shekara da 'Yan takarar gasar a {asar Yugoslavia, wanda hada da duk na nan taurari a wasanni: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres da goma sha biyar Robert Fisher.

Match da Mihailom Botvinnikom ga duniya gasar da aka gudanar daga Maris 15 zuwa May 7, 1960 da kuma kare farkon nasara ga 24-shekara Tal, wanda ya lashe 6 wasanni, da mai rasa 2 da farko rabin kai 12 da maki.

Ƙarami zakaran duniya

Sun kuma basu baye, witty da kuma basira, wanda ya unprecedented m kuma mai kuzari style of play Tal ya zama gunki na dara magoya a duk faɗin duniya. Lokacin da masu sana'a Masters dauki wani mamaki a bayyanar da "upstart" a lokacin da suka samu a san da sabon zakara, jin juyayi ga shi ya zama ubiquitous da kuma duniya. Ko sanannun tsakanin grandmasters da dara jama'a da kuma misanthropic sociopath Bobby Fischer kadai tare da Tal, wasa blitz saukin ciyar da dukan yini.

A Riga, Tal hadu da wata babbar taro daga tashar a kan hannayensa haifa da mota tare da matasa Zakaran. Ya yarda ya gana da dara magoya dukan zamanai a cikin Riga da kuma a fadin tarayyar. Ba da da ewa Tarayyar Soviet akwai 'yan waɗanda suka zai zama wanda ba a sani da sunan Tal. Michael Nehemevich aikata da girmamawa daga cikin gaskiyar cewa bai canja ba da wurin zama, ko a cikin toughest sau, ba a yarda da kansa groundlessly decry kasar inda aka haife shi, amma da ƙarfin hali da ya kalamai kasashen waje ya sa a ci gaba da amfani da shi a kan wani ɓangare na jihar hukumomin - wannan lokaci shi Yana da aka takaitawa bar.

m rayuwa

A cikin shakka daga shirye-shiryen da rematch tare da Botvinnik a cikin bazara na shekarar 1961 ta shãmakace worsening koda matsaloli Tal. Ya ma miƙa wa tambaye ga jinkiri na wasan, amma shi ne daga girmama abokin kokawarsa amince da su duk da yanayi na Botvinnik. A sakamakon haka, Tal ya ba a shirye domin wani sabon yaki da take da rasa.

Bisani, ya akai-akai zo a cikin yãƙi, domin duniya dara kambi, amma ga wani wadãtar. Ya halarci tawagar Anatoly Karpov a lokacin da shiri domin wasan da Korchnoi da Fisher, yin wani gagarumin taimako ga rabo na gasar take.

Duk da aggravated kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, ya ba ya so ya rage taki na rayuwa. Bayan haihuwar danta, ta saki daga Sally, biyu da na uku aure, haihuwar 'ya mace, ya zauna masoyi mutumin for duk da ya sadu da a rayuwa, aikin da mata unsophisticated da sauki. Ya ba ya so ya rasa da sauki da kuma halitta jin daxi - dadi, amma cutarwa abinci, mai kyau sayar da giya, kyafaffen da yawa ... Wani lokaci, duk da haka, wannan ya kasance saboda bukatar ya nutsar da fitar da akai zafi. Don canja zafi da ya ƙarasa da karfi kwayoyi.

tafi undefeated

A shekarar 1988 Tal lashe Duniya dara Championship da taqaitaccen dokokin kuma ya zama na farko da zakara na Duniya Blitz. A cikin m biography a 1970-80 akwai lokaci a lokacin da unbeaten a daban-daban gasa kunshi 90 wasanni a jere, wanda shi ne mai ban sha'awa kokarin cimma, domin kowane master.

A karshe na aikin jam'iyyar a Classic dara gasar Tal lashe ma, ya faru May 5, 1992 a Barcelona, ya abokin gaba da aka Vladimir Akopian. Gab da mutuwarsa, sai ya zahiri gudu daga asibiti su shiga a cikin Moscow Blitz Championship, inda ya lashe sa'an nan zakaran duniya Garry Kasparov. Shi ne ya karshe dara gasar. Ya mutu Yuli 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich Tal gangara a tarihi ba kawai wani m dara player, daya daga cikin na karshe romantics wannan tsoho game, amma kuma yi fice a cikin mutuntakar, wanda ci gaba mai kyau memory mai yawa mutane a cikin kasar da kuma kasashen waje.