Morphological jinsunan rarrabẽwa

A cikin shakka daga m adam aiki samo asali manufar form. A cikin bayanin da dabbobi shi ne ra'ayi riga amfani Aristotle. Duk da haka, a isasshe tsawon lokaci, da definition "nau'in" da aka ba baiwa da kimiyya abun ciki da kuma ake amfani da matsayin ma'ana lokaci. Status rarrabuwa naúrar nazarin ra'ayi ya samu a cikin shakka daga taxonomy. Dzhon Rey (English halittu) ɓullo da ra'ayin da tsari a matsayin wata taxonomy bangaren. A wannan yanayin, da masana kimiyya uku muhimmanci halaye na wannan naúrar da aka kasaftawa. Saboda haka, duba, bisa ga Ray, iri ne da kwayoyin, wanda aka halin da na kowa asalin. Wannan din naúrar hadawa da irin wannan morphological kuma physiological halaye da kwayoyin. Bugu da kari, ta ne kai-haifuwa tsarin.

Origin Rey dauke da babban nuna alama. Alal misali, daya irin halittu a sakamakon irin wannan shuke-shuke da cewa haifa daga tsaba na da kansa irin.

A gagarumin fadada manufar jinsuna, kazalika da ta zurfafa faru ta wurin aikin Linnaeus, wanda ya nuna cewa jinsunan ne mai real firamare da barga naúrar na yanayi, ware daga sauran jinsuna. Wannan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da matsayin babban rarrabuwa na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, a cikin ra'ayi na lokaci a matsayin wani sakamako na m mataki.

Lamarck bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen da matsayin cewa a cikin yanayi akwai m taxonomic raka'a shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Siffofin ake kullum canja, canja, canza zuwa cikin wasu iri. A wannan batun, bisa ga Lamarck, tsohon din hadin kai ba za a iya rabu da sabon. Saboda haka, Faransa halittu ƙarasa da cewa musu da gaskiya daga cikin jinsunan, jayayya da cewa ra'ayin raya kasa.

Darwin koyarwa bisa wani matsayi. Wannan arziki da aka kimiyance substantiated. A daidai da gwamnatin real irin saboda da tarihi ci gaba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zabin yanayi. A wani m nazarin din raka'a aka za'ayi bisa ga Darwin rukunan. Saboda haka, binciken da aka gudanar morphological iri sharudda, kazalika da gwaji, kwayoyin nazarin tsarin da hanyoyi na da samuwar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kasance muhimmanci a barata yawan bangare na tsanaki hadin kai a matsayin babban nau'i na ci gaba da kuma zama na Organic duniya baki daya.

Yau, an yi imani da cewa kwayoyin matsakaici hada da wani iri-iri na rayuwar siffofin. A daidai wannan "jinsunan" ne a duniya sabon abu a cikin dukkan yanayi. Dauke din rundunar da aka kafa tare da juyin canje-canje lalacewa ta hanyar zabin yanayi. A sakamakon haka, shi ne musamman zamani (link) da ci gaban rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma shi ne babban nau'i na wanzuwar rayuwa a duniya.

Daya jinsunan bambanta daga wasu a cikin wani sa na kowa halaye - sharudda. Tare, wadannan siffofin suna kafa gaskiya din raka'a.

Morphological sharudda ga jinsunan dogara ne a kan gaban dukan mutane na daya jinsunan wasu gaji halaye. Mutane a cikin wannan naúrar tsare, a cikin wasu kalmomi, da irin wannan ciki da kuma na waje tsarin. Morphological rarrabẽwa irin aka dauke su quite dace da sauki alama. Bugu da ƙari, wannan halayyar taxonomists baya amfani da wasu cututtuka a yayin da wasu lokacin da aka asali. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa morphological rarrabẽwa irin ne quite zumunta. Wannan yanayin ne ya cancanta amma ba su isa ba. A morphological irin gwajin ba da damar rarrabe tsakanin din raka'a da ciwon da wani gwaji kama a tsarin, amma ba interbreed tare da juna. Alal misali, tsanaki naúrar-biyu. Saboda haka, da sunan "anopheles" ya hada game da goma sha biyar jinsin su ne indistinguishable a cikin bayyanar, amma baya dauke da wani jinsi. An gano cewa, game da 5% na dukkan raka'a ne na din-din-din takwarorinsu. Saboda haka, morphologic sharudda jinsunan bazai kawai nuni da bambance-bambance.