Moscow, DME - wanda filin jirgin sama?

Moscow, babban birnin na Rasha Federation, ne mai babbar zamani birni, located a kan ƙasa da Gabas Turai Bayyana, kusan a sosai cibiyar, a kan kogin da wannan sunan. A birnin na yawan jama'a, bisa ga karshe ƙidaya za'ayi a cikin tsari na goma sha biyu da rabi da mutane miliyan.

A total number of mutane ziyartar babban birnin kasar, a kullum, ciki har da mazauna Moscow agglomeration na unguwannin bayan gari, wani lokacin fiye da goma sha bakwai da miliyan a cikin busiest workdays. Traffic gudana daga daban-daban kwatance rarraba a nan, ciki har da yawa Airways.

DME - wanda filin jirgin sama ba za ka zo damu?

Uku zamani aviahaba bauta Metropolitan iska corridor, da kuma cewa ke ba kirgawa 'yan dozin filayen jiragen sama na yankin manufa, kazalika da masu zaman kansu runways. SVO, VKO, DME - filin jirgin sama ko da yaushe na da duniya code. Kuma cewa an nuna a kan tikitin, da takardar kafa, kaya tags da kuma wani jirgin takardun. Yawanci, wadannan bayanan ne isa ga kuskure-free tabbatar da dalilin da ya cancanta bayanai game da jirgin. Duk da haka, mafi yawan aviaturistov a kan samu hanya rasit, ko fitarwa na lantarki tikitin ne m tambaya: DME - wani filin jirgin sama a babban birnin kasar yankin ya da wani sunan?

A kadan tarihi

"Domodedovo", kuma aka sani da Airport DME Moscow, - daya daga cikin tsofaffin aviahabov babban birnin yankin. Design da kuma gina wannan tashar jiragen ruwa iska ya fara a shekara ta 1956. Shekara bakwai daga baya, tare da titin jiragen sama na sabon filin jirgin sama fara farko kaya jirgin e-mail manufa, kuma a shekara daga baya, jirgin ya tashi a cikin iska alama "kirar Tupolev" tare da fasinjoji a jirgin.

"Domodedovo" filin jirgin sama. yanzu matsayi

Don kwanan wata, Domodedovo Airport (DME) yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a Rasha. A 2013, sai ya wuce ta hanyar kansa game da ashirin da takwas da miliyan fasinjoji. Biyu raba runways ne kullum a m aiki yanayin, shan a kullum da dama, katakai daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Suna shirya a layi daya, biyu kilomita daga juna, da damar takeoffs da landings a kan kowane tsiri lokaci guda kuma autonomously, da kansa da juna. Kowane titin jiragen sama ne bokan ICAO duniya jirgin sama kungiyar for CAT IIIA category. Bayan da maimaitawa na farko band cewa sanya biyu da rabi da suka wuce, da filin jirgin sama ya iya samu da kuma kula da super-m transcontinental jiragen rubuta Airbus A380. A tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha ne kawai wuri inda shi zai iya sa saukowa wani jirgin saman na da irin wannan - "Domodedovo" (DME). Wanne filin jirgin sama mu sararin kasa zai iya har yanzu taƙama da cewa?

Rarrabuwa da kuma coding

Kowace kungiya tana amfani da kansa irin shigar da filayen jiragen sama, kewayawa kayyade maki (misali, vor-mashirya) da kuma sauran ƙasar-tushen jirgin sama. DME - code "Domodedovo" filin jirgin sama, bisa ga IATA rarrabuwa. A cewar ICAO, ya riga UUDD.

Bisa ga Turai rarrabuwa lambobin uku harafi-nadi a Amurka - hudu-wasika. Wani lokaci nadi tsakanin haruffa a fadin Figures (musamman a cikin sa alama vor-kananan Airfield tashoshin ko gida darajar da runways da kuma masu zaman kansu). Yi shirki da juna, wadannan lambobin iya zama ga ƙasa na United States of America, inda na farko da wasika "K" Yana nuna cewa ne tsarinsa na abubuwa a Amurka ICAO, da kuma na gaba uku haruffa ne guda bisa ga IATA code. Alal misali, John F. Kennedy International Airport a New York, Amurka, bisa ga American rarrabuwa ne wasika code KJFK, yayin da a kan Turai - JFK. A wasu sassa na duniya tsakanin wani tsarinsa ba ya dace. Kuma duk da haka tambaya ya zauna bude. Moscow, DME - wanda filin jirgin sama, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, dalilin da ya sa shi ne irin wannan sabon abu nadi?

ICAO ko IATA - da cewa shi ne tambaya

Easy don fahimtar halin da ake ciki, idan ka dubi sana'a kafofin of bayani a kan jirgin sama. Akwai biyu na kasa da kasa jirgin-zirgar jiragen sama, da kungiyoyin: IATA (International Air sufuri Association) , ko International Association of Air sufuri. da ICAO (International sufurin jiragen sama ta Organization), ko kasa da kasa da sifirin jiragen sama Organization. A halin yanzu, duk suka yi su da hedkwatarta, a Montreal (Canada).

Kafin yakin duniya na biyu, IATA tushen a The Hague (Netherlands). Ta kasance a asirce kullum da kuma kula da ikon samar da iska zirga-zirga a Turai, yayin da ICAO yafi sarrafawa aerotrafik a Arewacin Nahiyar Amirka. Ko da yake gudanarwa da kuma ci gaban iska hanyoyi ya kasance kuma har yanzu shi ne wani fifiko a cikin aikin da wadannan kungiyoyin biyu, rawar da suka taka ba iyakance kawai ga waɗanda aikinsu a rayuwar yau da kullum da jirgin sama. Wani daidai da muhimmanci burin - shi ne don tabbatar da lafiya da kuma na yau da kullum kaya da kuma zirga-zirgar fasinja, kara samun riba trends, wani goyon baya da kuma taimako a cikin jirgin ayyukan.

IATA a Rasha

Ga wani shakka na iya tashi a sake. A your e-tikitin za a iya kayyade kamar haka: Moscow, DME. Wanne filin jirgin sama a wannan harka shi wajibi ne?

Domodedovo (DME) - Airport na Moscow yankin, da kuma shi yana dauke su iska ƙofar birnin. Duk da haka, da filin jirgin sama da aka located geographically a Moscow yankin, a kan iyakar Ramenskoye gundumar da kuma birane gundumar Domodedovo, arba'in da biyar kilomita daga tarihi cibiyar na Moscow a kan kudancin shugabanci da kuma a cikin ashirin da biyu kilomita daga birnin haddi a cikin babban birnin kasar - Moscow. DME code kanta - shi ne wani raguwa da sunan filin jirgin sama Domodedovo. Sauran iska ƙofar Moscow yankin da irin wannan wanda aka samu akai: "Barcelona", kuma aka sani da Barcelona, kuma aka sani da SVO. Ko, misali, "Vnukovo", shi ne Vnukovo, shi ne VKO.

The girma na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet filayen jiragen sama za a iya deciphered da Turai IATA lambobin. Ko da yake akwai ban. Alal misali, coding daga cikin filin jirgin sama na babban birnin kasar na sada Kazakhstan, da birnin na Astana, da Tse ne raguwa, wanda yana da kõme ba su yi tare da zamani, sunan birnin. Duk da haka, ilmi mutane tuna abin da sunan haifa wannan birni a lokacin Soviet zamanin: Tselinograd, Tselinograd. Saboda haka, ya dace code.

ICAO a post-Soviet sarari

Yadda nadi sanya a cikin ICAO tsarin? Akwai ma, duk abin da aka ginannun da kuma dage farawa daga kan shelves. Harafin farko na code nuna kasar, na biyu - yankin, da kuma na karshe biyu ayyana cipher musamman filin jirgin sama. A lokacin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin shi ne harafin U yana gyarawa. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Turai post-Soviet kasashen da Turai harafi code determinant yankin E (misali, Baltic kasashen), amma girma na yau yantattun jihohi, shirya, yawanci a kasashen Asiya, ya kiyaye asalin lambobin da ICAO (Tajikistan, Georgia da Armenia, da dai sauransu. .) "Domodedovo" a kan wannan manufa da aka UUDD raguwa. Sauran filayen jiragen saman, kamar filin jirgin sama "Barcelona", - UUEE.

Lambobin da flights

Me ya sa muke bukatar wadannan lambobin? Iya ba mu kawai ba da wuri na tashi, wuri na zuwa, fara da engine kuma tashi tare da kwanciyar hankali, inda kana so ka? Duk da haka, shi ne, ba haka sauki kamar yadda alama da farko kallo. Kowace rana, a cikin iska a lokaci guda yana iya zama 'yan dubu jirgin sama. Ba yawa, ka ce, da za ka zama cikakken dama. Duk da haka, a cikin iska da kuma a kan ƙasa, akwai wani musamman alama yankin - da Airways.

Duk wani dutsen ado, kasuwanci, ko} ungiyoyin, kwari a velocities a wuce haddi na sau da yawa abin hawa gudu. Wannan Gaskiya ne, a cikin jirgin sama jet-powered turbines. Ba kamar wata na'ura, ba za ka iya dakatar da jirgin sama cikin iska. Kowane rawar daji wajibi ne don hango ko hasashen a gaba. Ko saukowa zamani jirage fara je casa'in da ɗaya da ɗari kilomita daga tashar filin jirgin sama.

M hanyoyin, da aiwatar da duk na kula da tanadin hanyoyin, kazalika kewayawa ta musamman shirin gudu (Flight da tsare-tsaren) - Waɗannan su ne babban fasali na manajan da babbar jirgin sama. Wani jirgin-shirin - a deben hanya ne zuwa ga makõma a qaddara tsawo da, gudu (cruising matakin), shan la'akari da hau shafi da kuma rage shi a cikin shirye-shiryen da karshe faɗuwar rana a kan saukowa glideslope.

Aircraft hanya - ne ta tsinkaya dangi zuwa ga duniya - motsi daga daya iko ma'ana zuwa wani m nisa tsakanin su, cewa shi ne tafarki line. Kuma mafi m hanyar kwatanta aya - shi ne na musamman code a rarrabuwa tsarin da yake IATA ko ICAO.

maimakon a ƙarshe

DME .... Wanne filin jirgin sama a Moscow yankin yana da tsarinsa? Yanzu ka amince da competently iya amsa - "Domodedovo". Kuma shi ne ba sauki amsa, kuma ko da bayyana etymology wannan raguwa, walƙiya da ilmi a cikin kamfanin na abokai ko tsakanin abokan aiki.