Motsa jiki na fasinjoji TEP70: bayani dalla-dalla, gini

Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant ya fara samar da kamfanonin diesel na TEP70 a cikin shekaru bakwai na karni na karshe. Kafin wannan, ana amfani da ainihin mahimman tsari na gyaran TEP60. An sabunta sabuntawa tare da karuwa a cikin buƙatun don iko da sauri. Ganye, wadda ke mayar da hankali akan ci gaba da locomotives dinel din da kuma analogues mai turbine, sunyi gwaji tare da bangarori biyu, amma goyon baya da aiki sun kasance marasa amfani. Ka yi la'akari da halaye da siffofi da ake amfani dasu na TEP70 na diesel don fasinja na sufuri, kazalika da gyare-gyare.

Tarihin halitta

Kungiyar injiniyoyi, wadda Yu, Khlebnikov ta jagoranci, ke da alhakin siffofi na zane da zane na locomotive na diesel TEP70. Kamfanin farko ya gina a lokacin rani na 1973. Locomotive ya karbi index 0001. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa shekaru 10002, 0003, 0004 aka samo su. An gabatar da gwajin gwaje-gwaje na diesel zuwa sassa na Belarusian Trains. A nan ne suke gwada gwajin aiki. A shekara ta 1977-78, yawan masu zuwa na locomotives sun kasance karkashin lambobi 0005, 0006, 0007.

Jiki na na'ura an yi shi da ƙananan mota da ƙarfe na aluminum. Gininsa yana da wani nau'i ne mai nau'i. Hull din da aka ajiye a kan kwakwalwan aiki ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar ɗakunan tsakiya na tsakiya tare da masu shawagi na ƙwanƙwasa polymer da huɗun ruwa guda hudu a kan tarnaƙi. Kwanan ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafafun ya zama fiye da na wanda ya riga ya wuce, kuma ya kai kimanin 1220 millimita a cikin da'irar.

Ƙaddamarwa

Locomotive din diesel na fasinja TEP70 ya bambanta da samfurori na baya a cikin siffofin haɓaka da kuma sabon fasahar wutar lantarki. Yana da al'ada don ƙaddamar da locomotives a cikin tambayoyin a cikin waɗannan sassa:

1. Kwarewa samfurori a karkashin lambar 0001-0007.
2. Serial models (0008-0185). Sun samo tsari na musamman na abubuwa masu haske da rukuni jikin mutum. Da farko, ba a samar da iska ta iska tare da jumper a tsaye, ya ƙunshi sassa biyu glued tare. Bayan an yi watsi da jerin nau'i-nau'i na irin wannan tsari, a matsayin ƙuƙwalwa, ba da tsutsawa, ya ɓace.
3. Wadannan gyare-gyare masu zuwa sune 0186-0576. Wannan na'urar ta TEP70 ta haɓaka da fitilun lantarki, tare da haɗuwa da haɗin ginin jiki.

Kafin jerin a lamba 300, ana amfani da locomotives da aka yi la'akari da su tare da ɗakunan sadarwa. A nan gaba, irin waɗannan nau'in ba a saka su ba, saboda ba'a bukatar su. A matsayin misali na karshe na aiki, yana yiwuwa a cram fasinja fasinja a kan Southern Railway (wani ɓangare na yankin Poltava tsakanin Kiev da Kharkov). Wannan shi ne saboda rashin yin amfani da wutar lantarki a lokacin.

Halin fasali

Masanin da aka yi la'akari yana da babban kama da wanda ya riga ya kasance (TEP60). Ana amfani da locomotive tare da jiki mai nauyin nauyin nauyin, wani kayan aiki guda uku da goyon baya na frame. A cikin tsari akwai tsari na Alstom, wanda ya hada da wani itace mai zurfi wanda ya haɗu tare da wutar lantarki, ɓangaren ciki yana wucewa ta hanyar motsi na biyu, kuma ƙafafun suna yin hulɗa ta hanyar roba da lakaran karfe.

Ayyukan mai jagorar motar wannan jerin ya hada da tabbatarwa da tabbatar da wasu magoya baya na ƙungiyar firiji. Locomotive ya bambanta da samfurin baya a gaban wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki mafi iko akan man fetur din diesel. An sanye shi da rawanin motsa jiki guda biyu, babban adadin cylinders da tsarin sanyaya na tsakiya. Rashin wutar lantarki ya karu zuwa doki doki 4,000, kuma zane na abubuwa masu mahimmanci sunyi kama da locomotives 2TE-116 da TEM7.

Diesel naúrar 5-D-49 yana kaiwa ga kunnawa guda biyu na man fetur da farashin ruwa. An rarraba su a cikin na farko da na biyu, kuma sun haɗa da wasu raka'a tare da janareta da kuma haɗari irin nau'in sync. Ana aikawa da karfin lokaci ta hanyar tauraron dan adam da kuma tauraron dan adam na janareta. Rashin wutar lantarki a cikin aiki yana daidai da 110 volts, gyaran gyare-gyare na halin yanzu yana aiki ne ta hanyar motsa jiki. Kamar yadda bangaren sarrafawa yana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar motsa jiki, wadda ta haɗa tare da ɓangaren rotor.

Wasu kayan aiki

Sanya linzamin ƙirar diesel TEP70 yana samar da kasancewar mai samar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci tare da mai gyarawa. Ana yin na'urar ne daga diodes, motsin motsi guda shida wanda ya haɗa. Ana ba da wutar lantarki ta hanyar masu tuntuɓar. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da wutar lantarki tare da raguwa mai tartsatsi, tarwatarda lambobin sadarwa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a sami matsayi guda biyu don rage rawar jiki.

Tsarin komfuri na TEP70 yana karkashin jagorancin mai aiki, kuma ana tuntuɗa wasu masu tuntuɓa ta hanyar tsarin atomatik ta yin amfani da hanyar saiti-mataki-mataki. Ƙungiyar motsawar lantarki ta sarrafa nauyin wutar lantarki na jigilar motsi, nauyin nauyin dinel. Wannan yana yiwuwa ne saboda alamun motsa jiki, wanda ke biye da wasu ƙarin sigogi.

Ƙarin tsarin

Ƙananan rassan sun haɗa da ɗakunan iska na tsakiya, ƙungiyar mai kwakwalwa, wasu magoya masu firiji. Cibiyoyin samun iska sun haɗa da tarin hanzari mai kwakwalwa wanda aka tsara tare da gyaran fuska mai mahimmanci da gyaran abubuwa. Wannan tsarin yana ba da iska ga injunan motsi shida. Matsalar motar na PK-5,25 С yana da gudun canji na 1450 rpm, an saka shi a kan analogues TGM-6, TEM7 da DE-1. A kan mashin da ake tambaya, an sanye ta da na'urar lantarki.

Wannan motar tana da wutar lantarki mai amfani, wanda yana da wutar lantarki na 110. An shayar da ruwa a cikin tsarin ta hanyar firiji tare da magoya baya. Ana amfani da kayan haɓakawa ta hanyar motar motar lantarki tare da tara. Ana ciyar da su tare da man fetur mai ƙananan man, wanda aka kawo a matsa lamba na 220 kg / sq. Duba Halin da ake buƙata ya zama ta hanyar aiki na biyu na farashin haya. Wannan zane yana da kusan tsarin TEP60.

Bayani na aikin aiki

Ana amfani da locomotive tare da lantarki TEP70 tare da gida, wanda ya bambanta da kyau daga gidan wanda ya riga ya kasance. Kwancen samfurin yana samuwa a kan bango na baya, wanda ya ba ka damar ba da cikakken panel a cikin tebur wanda yana da ƙwarewa na musamman don ɗaga akwatin akwatin binciken. Mai sarrafawa da motar kai tsaye tana tsaye a gaban direba. Wannan yana ba ka damar sarrafa hannayenka biyu.

Dakin injin na locomotive yana da kyau, akwai ɗakin da ke cikin gida na farko, da kuma VU, VV, CVS, Dandel guda ɗaya da kuma janarewar motsi. A baya na dizal engine samar da shigarwa na pneumatic farashinsa da kuma na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mataki.

Kayan firiji ya haɗa da motar mai damfara, abubuwa masu tsafta don man fetur, wakili mai laushi, wani famfo don famfar man fetur. Lokacin da tsarin ke aiki, iska ta dashi ta hanyar motar dinel ta wurin ƙananan kayan da aka ba su a cikin babban gidan. An ciyar da shi ta wurin rassan raguwa, wanda ƙananan ɓangarensa ya cika a cikin wanka mai, kuma babban iska ya kasance a saman. Ana samar da kwayoyin halitta masu tsafta ta hanyar motsa jiki wanda ke canzawa da kusurwa ta hanyar digiri 45 a cikin daya bugun jini. Lokacin da aka kunna motar damfara, an kunna tsarin ta atomatik.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na TEP70 na diesel

Da ke ƙasa akwai manyan sigogi na shirin fasaha:

• Gwargwadon nauyin nauyin nau'i nau'in 135 ne.
• Ƙarfin rushewar motsi shine 3200 kW.
• Matsayin da ke kan rails yana da ton 21.
• Tsawon shine 21.7 m.
• Kayan kwance na Diesel TEP70 - 2A-5D-49 tare da damar dakarun doki dubu 4 tare da watsa lantarki na yanzu.
• Dalili mai karfi lokacin da tuki daga wurin yana da 280 kN.
• Gudun tafiya - 50 km / h.
• Girman ƙafafun yana da 1.22 m diamita.
• Jimlar da aka jefa a gudun na 120 km / h - 68 kN (kg 17000).

Canji

Kolomna dizal locomotive factory samar da dama m bambancin suna dauke da wani locomotive. Daga cikin su akwai. Daga ainihin samfurin mota ya bambanta siffar jiki, kayan aiki na na'urar bincike na microprocessor, sanya jingin yashi da ƙananan sassa.

70U da BS sun bambanta da juna a cikin cewa an samo samfurin na ƙarshe tare da dumama na wutar lantarki. An yi amfani dashi a wasu yankunan, inda aka samar da na'urori masu tasowa na musamman, suna ba da damar yin amfani da karfi a yanzu, ba tare da yin amfani da kayan hawan raƙuman ba.

A kan hanyar ТЭП70 ana yin ma'anar kayan aiki 2ТЭ70. An sanye shi da wani ɓangaren sashi da maki shida. Dukkanin manyan kawunansu suna haɗe tare da zaɓin fasinja. Babban manufar ita ce motsi na jiragen kayayyaki wanda ke kimanin kusan ton dubu 60. Nauyin nauyin ƙirar diesel TEP70 a cikin wannan fasalin yana sau biyu a matsayin abin da ke da sashe guda-kashi. An gabatar da locomotive wannan jerin a Yuli 2004. Ya nasara ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwaje. A shekara ta 2010, an buga 12 kofe na wannan layi.

Ayyuka

Abubuwan da ke cikin tambayoyi sun kasance kusan dukkanin bangarori na RZD, da kuma a cikin ɗakunan ƙasashen waje. Masu sana'anta sun fito daga 1973 zuwa 1985 game da locomotives guda uku na irin wannan. An kafa aikin samar da inji a 1985. Kafin 2006, fiye da 570 raka'a ya bar layin taro.

Rashin aikin direba mai kwakwalwa na diesel akan gyaran gyare-gyare mai sauƙi ya kasance mai sauƙin ingantawa kuma aka gyara, saboda godiya da aka tsara na kayan motsa jiki da sarrafawa. Halin da aka samu na fitarwa ya danganci matsalolin tattalin arziki da kuma zaɓin mafi yawan shafuka. Duk da haka, rubutun tsarin da ba su da karuwa ba ya haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin samar da TEP70.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Kamfanin farko na motoci ya isa Tashkent, har ma a kan Oktoba da Kudancin Railways. A halin yanzu, waɗannan locomotives bayan an sake sauya canjin wurin zama aiki a Poltava, Romny, Osnova da Lozova (Kudu Railway). Kwafi mafi kwafin yana cikin ɗakin ɗakin yara.

An rarraba sigogin locomotive a duk faɗin Rasha da kasashe CIS. Canji na wanda ya riga ya kasance saboda dalilai da dama. Na farko, batirin batir din dinel na TEP70 yana da aiki mafi girma. Abu na biyu, shigarwar diesel ya zama mafi karfi kuma mai albarka. Bugu da ƙari, ƴan waje da na ciki sun zama mafi kyau.

Wasu locomotives suna aiki a kan hanyoyi na Lithuania. An sabunta hanyoyi 0264 da 0186 a cikin bala'i a kusa da Tambov (2009). An yi amfani da na'ura mai dauke da hankali a Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan.

Hanyoyin Gudanar da Hanya

Gyara gyaran raƙuman ƙirar diesel mai suna TEP70 yana damu da nau'in dinel. Ayyukansa shine don samun man fetur daga tankin mai ta tarar ta musamman tawurin tace mai sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, man fetur ya karbi famfar kuma ana ciyar da ita ta hanyar maidaccen takarda a cikin mai karɓar farashin man fetur na wutar lantarki. Sa'an nan kuma ana tura farashin su zuwa gajerun. Don daidaitaccen aiki na naúrar, zafin jiki na man fetur din diesel a cikin tanki dole ne a kalla 30 digiri Celsius.

Don tabbatar da aikin naúrar naúrar, ana samar da ƙananan wurare na man fetur, wanda ya ba da damar fitar da ƙarar ruwa mai girma. Sauran man fetur ya zubar da shi a cikin wutar lantarki, sannan a cikin tanki. Yawancin ruwan da ke aiki yana warkewa, saboda godiya irin wannan tsarin.

Model TEP70 BS da TEP70-U

An ba da sakon wasikar zuwa ga locomotive don girmama jaridar Socialist Labour Boris Salambekov. A shekara ta 2015, an samar da 281 diesel locomotives na wannan rukuni. A shekara ta 2004, an sanya na'ura ta TEP70-BS-001. An saka wannan samfurin a cikin kamfanin jirgin sama na PM-14 Oktoba. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ba kawai a kowanne ɗayan ba, amma kuma a matsayin ɓangare na jiragen sama mai sauri "Sapsan". A shekara ta 2010, an kaddamar da samfurin, wanda yake a gindin Gatchina kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin ajiyar kayan sassa don samfurin aiki. An tsara saiti-rubuce na gaba.

Locomotives irin su TEP70-U sun samar da kashi 26 (kamar yadda 2011). Dukkan motocin suna rajista a arewacin Railways (Voynovka depot, ТЧЭ-7). An ƙaddamar da samfurin na 014 bayan wutar da ta faru a cikin dakin diesel (2007). Sa'an nan kuma locomotive ta yi babban gyare-gyare kuma an mayar da shi zuwa ga gidan zama kyauta.

Gyara kwastar dinel dinel

A cikin filin bayan Soviet, gyaran locomotives da aka yi la'akari da shi ana gudanar da su a wurare daban-daban:

• Gyara gyara a Poltava.
• Kamfanin gyaran gyare-gyaren Locomotive a Daugalpils.
• Ussuriysk ma'aikata.
• Voronezh Musamman Hada.

Abin lura ne cewa wannan locomotive ya karbi yawan sunayen laƙabi na asali. Daga cikinsu:

• Slippers.
• "Sarcophagus" (saboda yanayin yanayin rufin).
• "Hunchbacked" (don wannan dalili).
• "Brick".
• "Coffin" da kuma "Besik".

Ana aikawa

An yi amfani da TEP70 mai amfani da ƙananan diesel a wasu gyare-gyare zuwa ƙasashen SMNG. Alal misali, an rubuta raka'a 26 a Belarus, hanyar sayen jirgin Uzbek ya sayi motoci 10. Lithuania a shekara ta 2006 ya saya 4 kofe. Akwai waɗannan locomotives a Ukraine.

Yawancin locomotives dinel din da aka samar sun kasance a kan tashar kasar Rasha. A lokaci guda za a iya amfani da locomotive a kowane yanki na climatic, wanda ya sa ya fi shahara fiye da TEP-60. Bugu da ƙari, wannan na'ura ta zama mafi kyau da kyau, mafi iko kuma mafi dacewa.

Sakamakon

Kayan kwastar Diesel TEP70 mai wakiltar wakiltar kayan aikin dandalan gida ne da aka yi amfani da shi a kan hanyar jirgin kasa. Ƙungiyar ya ƙunshi fassarar fasinja biyu da sauran analogues masu karfin iko. A lokacin, locomotive ya zama da bukatar ba kawai a Rasha ba, har ma a ƙasashe na kusa da kasashen waje. A lokaci guda, ana cigaba da amfani dashi har zuwa yanzu, duk da yawan shekaru.