Munich Yawan: yawan jama'a, kabilu

Daya daga cikin mafi girma a masana'antu cibiyoyin a Turai ne Jamus birnin Munich. Yawan jama'a a cikin shi na dogon lokaci ya riga ya wuce miliyan daya. Bugu da kari, shi ne quite wani tsohon gari, wanda shine cibiyar al'adu na yankin na Bavaria. Bari mu gano abin ke da yawan jama'a na Munich, abin da yake da size, alƙaluma da halaye, da mai rai yanayi da kuma more.

Kasa wuri Munich

Kafin ka fara zuwa karatu da yawan jama'a na Munich, bari mu ga inda wannan Turai birnin is located.

Munich aka located a kudu maso gabashin Jamus a cikin ƙasa na administrative gundumar Upper Bavaria a cikin tarayya jihar Bavaria. Ko da yake Munich ne babban birnin kasar na tarayya jihar da kuma Gudanarwa cibiyar na gundumar, amma a lokaci guda shi yana nufin da yawan 107 birane a Jamus, da ciwon vnerayonny matsayi.

A Brief History of Munich

Domin fahimtar yadda za a saita da yawan jama'a na Munich, shi wajibi ne don duba a ta ta hanyar Prism na tarihi.

A labarin na farko shiri a cikin wannan yanki kwanakin daga farkon tsakiyar zamanai, wato, ga Sabunta karni, a lokacin da a kan tudun Petersberg sufaye fara rayuwa. Sun kasance sũ ne da sosai farko yawan Munich. Tarihi takardar Munich bayyana ne kawai a 1158, amma bayan da shekaru goma sha bakwai da ya zama wani gari da duk bawa gata. A garin ne yafi sanaki Bavarians - subethnos Jamus mutane.

A 1240, ya zama Munich dũkiyar Duke Otto na serene House of Wittelsbach, wanda ya Gwamnan Bavaria da Palatinate, wanda kasance wani ɓangare na Ruhu Mai Roman Empire. Daga wannan lokaci zuwa House of Wittelsbach a 1918 bai rasa da hakkin ya mallaki kayyade birni. A 1255, bayan da rabo daga Bavaria kashi biyu tsakanin 'yan'uwa, Munich ta zama babban birnin kasar na Duchy na Upper Bavaria. A 1507, Bavaria sake garwaya a cikin guda dukedom, amma duk da haka Munich bai rasa ta birnin matsayi, sauran tsakiyar Amurka. A 1806 Bavaria lashe matsayi na mulki. Wannan yawan Munich kai ƙarƙashin sarki Ludwig I, wanda aka samar a cikin shiri, ado da shi, gayyace nan da yawa shahara al'adu Figures. A garin ya zama gaskiya al'adu babban birnin kasar na kudancin Jamus.

A birnin na aka bamai Allied sojojin a lokacin yakin duniya na farko Bayan da yaki, Sarkin Bavaria tsere daga kasar, da kuma a shekara ta 1919 a Munich, akidar Karl Marx sojojin sanar da kafa Bavarian Soviet Republic. Duk da haka, kasa da wata daya da aka mayar da su zuwa Bayern a Jamus (Weimar Jamhuriyar).

Yana da yake a Munich fãra asalin Jamus fi sani da Naziyanci. Sa'an nan a 1920 ne ya kafa Nazi Party. A shekarar 1923 a Munich, Nazis kaddamar da wani m yunkurin juyin mulki, wanda ya samu sunan Biyer Hall Putsch. A shekara ta 1933, da Nazis ta hanyar gudanar da zabe har yanzu gudanar da su zo da iko a Jamus. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa Munich a lokaci guda zama babban cibiyar na anti-Nazi motsi tsakanin Jamus birane. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da garin da aka akai-akai hõre iska yajin aiki, a lokacin da yawan jama'a na Munich da aka rage by akalla 25%.

Bayan yaki Munich da ke a cikin American sashi na zama. A garin da aka gina. A shekarar 1949 ya shiga cikin sabuwar kafa jihar na tarayyar Jamus. Munich ya zama mafi girma masana'antu gari a kasar, kazalika da ɗaya daga cikin siyasa da al'adu cibiyoyin. A size da kuma yawan jama'a a Jamus da wannan wuri ne na biyu kawai ga al'ummar babban birnin kasar - da birnin Berlin da kuma Hamburg.

yawan

Yanzu yana da lokaci domin sanin abin da ke da yawan jama'a na Munich. Wannan adadi ne tushe ga duk sauran lissafin demography. Saboda haka, Munich ta yawan halin yanzu 1526,1 dubu. Man.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, shi ne na uku sakamakon yawan mazaunan a Jamus. Don kwatanta, a cikin Berlin 3490,1 mutane dubu rayuwa a Hamburg -.... 1803,8 dubu mutane, da kuma na hudu mafi girma a birnin a Jamus Cologne - 1017,2 dubu mutane ..

A muhimmancin yawan canji

Yanzu bari mu koyi yadda za a canza a ƙarfafa muhimmancin birnin yawan jama'a. Munich sun fi mayar karu da wannan ma'auni, ko da yake akwai sau lokacin da yawan mazauna dan lokaci rage.

Mun fara da yawon shakatawa tun 1840, lokacin da Munich ne babban birnin kasar na mulkin. Sa'an nan kuma ya rayu 126,9 dubu. Mutane. The yawan girma har 1939. Saboda haka, a 1871 shi amounted zuwa 193,0 dubu mutane, a cikin 1900 - .. 526,1 da mutane dubu a shekara ta 1925 - .. 720,5 dubu mutane a 1939 - .. 840,2 dubu mutane. . Amma yakin duniya na biyu, sakamakon wanda ya hado kan sojojin maza, kazalika da saka bom, da birnin da Allied dakarun, ya rage muhimmanci da lambar. Munich na da yawan jama'a na Census 1950 830.8 dubu. Mutane., Amma yana da hadari a ce adadin mazauna ya ma kasa a farkon postwar shekaru. Amma sai shi ya fara tashi. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1960 da lambar ya riga ya wuce miliyan daya mazaunan, haka saitin wani rikodin ga birni, da kuma zambar 1101,4 thous. Inh. A shekarar 1970, birnin da aka riga zaune 1.312 dubu. Inh.

Amma sa'an nan a Munich, duk da haka, kamar yadda dukan na Jamus, riƙo da alƙaluma da rikicin. A haihuwa kudi rage muhimmanci tare da karuwa a wayar da kan jama'a na al'umma alhakin yaro. A shekarar 1980, yawan jama'ar da suka auku ga matakin na 1298,9 dubu. Pers., A shekarar 1990 rage zuwa 1229,0 dubu. Pers., Kuma a shekarar 2000 zuwa 1210,2 dubu. Mutane.

Duk da haka, a cikin gaba lokacin da adadin mazauna ya fara girma sake. Tuni a shekarar 2009 shi kai mai rikodin matakin ga dukan gabata tarihi - 1330,4 dubu INH .. Amma wannan girma bai tsaya. A shekarar 2013 yawan kai da siffa 1407,8 dubu INH, a 2015 -. 1405,4 dubu mutane, kuma a yanzu tana 1526,1 dubu INH ... da yawan da yawan girma Trend a cikin birni ne har yanzu faruwa.

yawa daga alƙarya

A yankin na ƙasa shagaltar da Munich, shi ne 310,4 murabba'in mita. km. Sanin yankin da kuma yawan jama'a, shi ne mai sauki yin lissafi da yawa, kuma a Munich. A lokacin shi ne 4890 persons / sq. M. km.

Don kwatanta, dubi yawa a cikin sauran manyan birane na Jamus. A Berlin shi ne 3834 persons / sq. M. km, Hamburg - 2388,6 persons / sq. km. km,. kuma a Cologne - 2393 persons / sq. km. km. Saboda haka, za mu iya bayyana gaskiyar cewa Munich ne wajen high yawan yawa.

kabilu

Yanzu mun gano abin da mutane kasashe rayuwa a cikin babban birnin kasar na Bavaria - Munich. Mafiya yawa na yawan mutane Jamusawa, mafi yawan abin da dangantaka da subethnos Bavarians. Wasu ethnographers ma sun yi kokarin ware su a cikin wani raba al'umma, kamar yadda al'adu da yare ne sun fi mayar daban-daban daga cikin sauran na yawan na Jamus.

Amma a wani yawa na gida to baƙi daga wasu ƙasashe, kazalika da mutane tare da kasashen waje dan kasa, ciki har da wadanda suke tare da 'yan gudun hijira matsayi. A kashi na irin mazauna fiye da 25% na jimlar yawan mazauna. Amma da zamantakewa kariya da jama'ar na Munich ya shafi mafi yawan su.

Munich, mafi tsakanin yawan jama'a na gudun hijira daga Turkey. Adadin su ne 39,4 dubu. Mutane. Bugu da kari, da yawa baƙi daga Croatia (29.3 dubu. Pers.), Girka (26.4 thous. Inh.), Italy (26.0 thous. Inh.), Austria (21.8 thous. Inh.) Poland (21.1 thous. INH.), Bosnia da Herzegovina (16.5 thous. INH.), Romania (16.2 thous. INH.), Serbia (13.5 thous. INH.). Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'yan lokutan musamman karfi ambaliya na' yan gudun hijira daga kasashen Larabawa, yafi Syria. Duk da haka, shi ne matsalar ba kawai a Munich ko Jamus, amma kuma cikin Turai. A lokaci guda, Munich shi ne gida da most yawan 'yan ƙasa da wani baƙin bango dangane da total birane yawan (a kwatanta da sauran manyan Jamus ƙauyuka).

addini

Kusan rabin Munich ta yawan ba ya kasance a wani addini al'umma. Wadannan mutane yin up game da 45% na jimlar yawan. A lokaci guda 33.1% na yawan masu parishioners na Roman Katolika, 11,9% - Furotesta, 7.2% - Musulmi, 0.3% - Yahudawa, da kuma wani 0.7% cikin sauran addinai.

Munich birni gwamnati yayi kokarin tabbatar da hakkin dukkan addini ikirari na gari.

aiki

Yanzu bari gano a cikin abin da yankunan shagaltar da ta yawan Munich. Description na babban samarwa a cikin yankunan birnin, za mu gabatar a kasa.

Babban reshe na Munich ta tattalin arziki shi ne aikin injiniya, musamman na mota da kuma jirgin sama masana'antu. Saboda haka, birni mafi girma a bakuncin Jamus mota factory, shi ne wani iri da wani duniya suna - BMW (Bavarian Motor Works). Wannan kamfanin na samar da wani da mutane fiye da dubu 100 jobs.

A birnin lantarki a masana'antu (Siemens kungiyar). Bugu da kari, Munich shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma giya samar da cibiyoyin a duniya.

Amma da masana'antu - ba wai kawai cikin shugabanci na gari tattalin arzikin kasar. Bunƙasa nan da kuma samar da wasu ayyuka, musamman na wani kudi yanayi, kamar yadda Munich ne mai babbar banki cibiyar.

Social kariya

Kamar yadda a mafi yawan sauran birane na Tarayyar Turai, a Munich, da goyan bayan high zaman jama'a nagartacce. A musamman, da aikin yi da m da kuma biyan su amfãni ya kasance cibiyar aikin yi. The yawan Munich ne kamar haka rigakafi daga matsalolin da suka faru a bayan asarar aiki.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba tare da isasshen kariya ba zama kamar 'yan gudun hijira da kuma sauran yan gudun hijirar. Suna kuma dauke da mutane cewa yin up da yawan Munich. Hijira Service da sauran social cibiyoyin, batun da dokoki na Jamus natsuwa kuma tabbatar da su zaman jama'a kariya.

Janar halaye na yawan Munich

Munich shi ne na uku mafi yawan birnin a Jamus, da most masana'antu da kuma cibiyar al'adu na kasar. A halin yanzu, a cikin akai karuwa a yawan mazaunan lura, wanda ya samar da ciki har da ma'aikatan, wanda asusu domin game da 25% na jimlar yawan mazaunan Munich. Game da rabin birnin ta yawan ba da'awar wani addini. Daga mũminai masu rinjaye ne Katolika.

A general, za mu iya ce, a Munich mai girma alƙaluma da kuma tattalin arziki al'amurra.