Mutanen Dagestan: al'adu, hadisai da kuma al'adu

Dagestan - Jamhuriyar Rasha, wanda aka located a kudancin yankin kasar. Bugu da kari, shi ne mai manyan da kuma haɗa kan bangaskiya 102 kasashe. Daga gare su, su biyu 'yan asalin da kuma ziyartar yawan jama'a. Don hada da 'yan asalin kasashe Avars, agultsev, Andi, Kubachins, Dargin, Laks, Rutul, Lezgins, Tabasarans, tsezov da sauransu.

Al'adu da kuma hadisai na mutanen Dagestan ne sosai bambancin, su sun samo asali a tsawon shekaru da kuma mika sauka daga tsara zuwa tsara. Kowace daga cikin wadannan al'ummomi na da peculiarities da kuma bambance-bambance da ba su ainihi.

Avars

Maarulal ko Avars - mutãnen Dagestan, lambobi game da 577 mutane dubu .. Suka zauna cikin kasashen yammacin Dagestan, musamman a mountainous yankunan. Mafi yawan waɗannan kyauyen. Su sadarwa zuwa ga Avar harshe, wanda yana da yaruka da yawa. Avars, mãsu sallamãwa ne, amma akwai abubuwa na kafirci cikin bangaskiya ne har yanzu ba. Su ne alfarma ga yanayi, girmama ta da kukan neman taimako, da yin sihiri na ibada.

Traditional ayyuka na wadannan mutane ne dabbõbi kiwo da kuma aikin noma. Dabbobi ne fin so zuwa jinsi dabbõbi, da kuma a cikin duwatsu - tumakin. Avars sun ɓullo da wani tsari sosai tsarin terraced noma, wanda shi ne daga duwãtsu, kuma aka complemented wani ban ruwa tsarin. Kamar sauran mutanen Dagestan, Avars na dogon lokaci rayayye amfani na gida da sana'o'i. Wadannan sun hada da sakar gidansa, kõre da mai walƙiya, saka, ulu, itace sassaƙa da na dutse maƙeri.

Agultsy

Agul mutane na Dagestan da suke zaune a kudancin. The lambobin da wannan} iyasta yawan 8-9 dubu. Man. Domin sadarwa da suka yi amfani da Aghul, wanda shi ne alaka da Lezgi. Wannan al'umma na zaune a cikin shiri na 21 kudu maso Dagestan.

hadisin na wannan al'umma, kazalika da hadisai na mutanen Dagestan a matsayin dukan, ne na musamman. Babban zama domin ƙarni zuwa agultsev ya dabbõbi. Kawai maza suna da hakkin su kula da tumakin. Mata suna tsunduma na musamman a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima.

karfe aiki ya kasance mai muhimmanci sosai al'amari agultsev rayuwa. Maƙera samar da gatura, scythes, wukake da kuma sickles, wanda zai zama da amfani a kowane iyali. Agultsy sun m magina. Sun gina gadoji, gidaje da masallatai. Ado da gine-gine elaborately sassaka duwatsu a cikin ƙawa da cewa nuna dukan al'adun mutanen Dagestan.

Andean rukuni na al'umma

Andi - shi ne wani rukuni na al'umma, wanda ya hada da irin wadannan mutane a Dagestan kamar yadda akhvakh mutane, botlikh mutane, Tyndall, bagvalal mutane, karata mutane, godoberi mutane, chmalaly kuma, a gaskiya, da kansu Andi. A total number of mutane na wadannan kasashe ne 55-60 dubu. Man. Suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka na yammacin Dagestan. Communication faruwa a kan Andean harshe tare da yaruka da yawa.

Addini Andians nuna al'adun mutanen Dagestan, kamar yadda mafiya yawa daga cikin 'yan asalin yawan ne' yan Sunna. A babban aikin da suka noma da kuma dabbobi husbandry. Tun zamanin da wadannan mutane gidajen da aka gina da dutse. Biyu-storey gidãjensu kasance ba haka ba mutane da yawa, da wata daya-labarin rectangular. Andi waɗanda aka tsunduma a aikin noma, sun ci gaba da aikin gona da kalanda, wanda taimaka ƙayyade lokacin shuka da kuma girbi na wasu shuke-shuke.

Dargin

Dargin - mutãnen Dagestan, bisa ga al'ada inhabiting mountainous yankunan. Harshe da cewa zai gama duk Dargin, ba ya wanzu, bambancin Dargwa yawa. Kwastan da kuma hadisai na mutanen Dagestan, kamar yadda Dargin dabam, da kakkarfan dangankata da sauran zamantakewa da tattalin arziki matakai faruwa a cikin tsohon tarihin da lokaci. Suka tsunduma a cikin saba wa mazauna yankin ayyuka, wato, da shanu kiwo, noma da kuma handicrafts. Dargins domin ta shahara ado da fata-woolen dukiya, makamai. Mata bi da ulu, saƙa zane da kuma kyãwãwa.

Kubachins

Wannan al'umma na Dagestan rayuwa a wani karamin kauye Kubachi Dakhadayevsky District. Adadin su bai wuce 1,900. Bayan Kubachins rayuwa a sauran ƙauyuka na Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma Caucasus. Su harshe - Kubachi. Mazauna na mazauna mafi yawa yan sana'a. Idan suka girma kayayyakin ko kuje shanu, shi ne na wani karin halitta.

Mafi na kowa crafts sun dade karfe-aiki, yi, itace sassaƙa da na dutse. Mata tsunduma a saka, sakar gidansa, kõre da mai walƙiya, felting samar, daga abin da artist takalma. Ilmi da basira a karfe aiki da aka canjawa wuri daga uba zuwa ga dansa. Ban sha'awa, mutãnen da dances Kubachins cewa an hankali tsara don cika daban-daban na ibada.

Laks

A tsakiyar ɓangare na Nagorno Dagestan zaune daya daga cikin al'ummai - Laks. Harshe - Lak, addini - Musulunci. Wannan al'umma tun zamanin da ya rayu a kan ƙasa na Dagestan. Su main aiki - girma alkama amfanin gona (hatsin rai, alkama, gero, hatsi, da sha'ir, da dai sauransu). Dabbobi ma an ci gaba. Na crafts aka ɓullo da suknodelie, kayan ado, kumar kasko, da na dutse aiki da azurfa da zinariya kõre da mai walƙiya. Laks sun shahara yan kasuwa, confectioners da acrobats. Rich da almara a cikin wannan al'umma. Maganar baki wuce sauka labaru na babban heroes of baya da kuma yadda suka yi yaƙi da mugunta.

Lezghins

Lezghins compactly zaunar a kan ƙasashen Kudancin Dagestan. Su lambobi a yankin na 320 da dubu. Man. Communication faruwa a Lezgin, wanda sau da yawa modified da mazauna. Lezghian mythology ne mai arziki a cikin labarai na waɗansu abũbuwan bautãwa waɗanda sarrafa yanayi. Amma shi aka maye gurbinsu kafirci zuwa Kristanci, wadda bayan wasu lokaci tukuna maye gurbin Musulunci.

Kamar dukan al'ummai daga Dagestan, Lezgi girma amfanin gona shuke-shuke, musamman alkama da shinkafa da masara, bred dabbobi. Lezghins samar ban mamaki kyãwãwa, wanda aka sani da suna nisa fiye da kan iyakoki na yankin. Har ila yau, kowa crafts aka saƙa, kadi, ji samar da kayan ado. Lezgins aka sani, kuma su jama'a dance - lezginka, wanda ya zama gargajiya ga dukan al'umman da na Caucasus.

Rutul

Sunan wannan al'umma zo daga mafi girma a shiri - Rutul, located a kudancin Dagestan. Suka ce wadannan mutane Rutul, amma ta yaruka bambanta ƙwarai a tsakãninsu. Addini ne na gargajiya ga wannan yanki - Musulunci. arna abubuwa ne ma ba: bautan duwatsu, kaburburan tsarkaka. Wani alama ne cewa, baicin Allah Rutuls gane wani, nasu bautãwa Yinshli.

Tabasaran

Wadannan mutane kuma rayu a kudancin Dagestan. Adadin su ne daidai da 90 dubu. Man. Tabasaranskiy harshe ne zuwa kashi kudanci da arewacin yaruka. Core imani - Musulunci. Azuzuwan ne ma sosai gargajiya ga wannan yankin - waddan da kuma aikin noma. Tabasaran ne marinjãya a kafet sakar gidansa, kumar kasko, maƙeri, itace aiki da kuma yi na safa da daban-daban alamu. Isasshe ɓullo da daban-daban nau'o'i na almara, kamar da yanci Legends, kuma jama'a songs.

Tsez rukuni na al'umma

By Tsez al'ummai sun Hinukh mutane, bezhta mutane, tsezy, Hunzib mutane da khwarshi mutane. Babu kowa da harshen, mutane sadarwa a yarensu. Gama waɗannan al'ummai sun dade na bayar da muhimmanci da jini dangantaka iyalansu, da ake kira tuhum. Wadannan kungiyoyin taimaka kowane memba don zaɓar mafi riba wasan wani aure. Na kayayyakin amfani madara, bushe da kuma sabo ne nama, hatsi, gari, sabo ne da kuma bushe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Ko da yake wadannan mutane da Musulmai, da imani a cikin aljannu, goblins, shaiɗanu, kuma witches an kiyaye su.

Saboda haka, cikin shimfiɗar jariri, Dagestan al'ummai da yawa. Al'adu da kuma hadisai na mutanen Dagestan da kuma, a wannan zamanin ya kiyaye da rarrabe fasali, abin da ya sa su ban sha'awa ga binciken. Da bangaskiyarsu hadawa da babban fasali na Musulunci da kuma arna survivals da suka gabata, abin da ya sa su musamman.