Na amino acid sharan wanda aka gina kwayoyin?

Na amino acid sharan na gina jiki an gina. Irin wannan polymers ne high kwayoyin halitta kayan. Yana da aka hada da sinadaran abubuwa kamar carbon, akwai hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen ba. A nucleic acid da phosphorus, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na da yawa sunadarai dauke da sulfur.

tsarin fasali

Tun da amino acid sharan na kwayoyin an gina na sunadarai na gina jiki, da suka yi wani babban zumunta kwayoyin taro. Suna da ake kira makropolimerami. Kamar yadda misalai na low kwayoyin nauyi mahadi hada alcohols, carboxylic acid, nucleotides, monosaccharides, amino acid.

macromolecules

An gina na amino acid sharan na kwayoyin sunadaran da ake bukata domin m ayyuka na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A kan talakawan, ta zumunta kwayoyin taro da aka wakilta a cikin kewayon daga 'yan dubu zuwa miliyan. A kwayoyin gina jiki mahadi, nucleic acid, polysaccharides zaci wani adadin na maimaita raka'a.

Monomers kira sauki kwayoyin da suke ba da dalilin samuwar polymer kwayoyin. Wanne kwayoyin suna gina daga amino acid? Amsar wannan tambaya shi ne saba wa wani makarantar sakandare dalibai. Monomer domin su ne amino acid. Domin polysaccharides bukatar monosaccharides, kuma nucleotides ne zama dole domin gina nucleic acid.

Ma'ana na biopolymers

Saboda haka, amino acid sharan an gina sunadarai na gina jiki da cewa yin mahara ayyuka. Ya kamata a lura da gina su aiki. Yana ba ka damar gina sunadarai na gina jiki da suke da takamaiman zuwa wani mutum mai rai gabar. Bugu da kari, sunadarai na gina jiki - wani tushen samar da makamashi, sabili da haka sunadaran hada da kullum rage cin abinci. A Kwayoyin dauke daban-daban yawa na gudanar da mahadi. Alal misali, ga dabbobi halin da predominance na lipids da sunadarai a shuke-shuke da - Yã isa zama adadin carbohydrates.

Na amino acid sharan na dabba gina jiki kwayoyin an gina. Irin wannan "tubalin" wanda suke amphoteric sinadaran mahadi aka shirya a cikin sunadarin a wasu jerin. A halin yanzu akwai bayani game da wanzuwar ɗari biyu amino acid, amma da samuwar halitta da ke faruwa sunadaran amfani kawai ashirin da su. Suna da ake kira da furotin-kafa. Alal misali, sunadarai za a iya gina interlaces na alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. A cikin tambaya na amino acid sharan wanda aka gina kwayoyin, dalibai ba misalai na dabba gina jiki.

Features da sinadaran tsarin

Sai amino acid din da suke iya kafa macromolecule, wani amino kungiyar da kuma wani carboxyl kungiyar bonded zuwa daya carbon zarra. Yana da wannan alama hadawa da sama da lambar. A amino acid sharan bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki na m. Yana iya zama hydrophilic ko hydrophobic, iyakacin duniya, ko da ba na iyakacin duniya, wanda ya bada takamaiman Properties na amino acid.

The girma na amino acid na iya kafa proteinaceous kwayoyin mallaka daya carboxyl kungiyar (a cikin abun da ke ciki akwai hydroxyl da carbonyl) amino kungiyar da daya, saboda haka suna dauke a matsayin tsaka tsaki kwayoyin.

Akwai asali amino acid da ciwon da dama amino kungiyoyin, kazalika da acidic amino acid, wanda aka hada da wasu daga cikin carboxyl kungiyoyin. Alal misali, sulfur kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin ne cysteine.

kira zažužžukan

Autotrophic kwayoyin haduwa amino acid daga inorganic nitrogen-dauke da abubuwa da na kayayyakin na photosynthesis.

Heterotrophic kwayoyin suna amfani da primary abinci source na amino acid. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na jikin mutum da aka hada daga amino acid kayayyakin da metabolism. Irin wannan mahadi suna dauke m. A matsayin tushen da muhimmanci amino acid m hada a cikin jikin mutum, ta amfani da wani abinci. Me acid ake kira da muhimmanci ga mutum? Wannan lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Domin yaron ta jiki akwai biyu da muhimmanci amino acid: histidine da arginine.

Tun da amino acid ne amphoteric mahadi, suna halin high reactivity. Tsakanin daya amino acid da kuma carboxyl kungiyar na biyu kwayoyin Forms sinadaran bond, kira peptide (amide) bond.

A sakamakon irin wannan sinadaran dauki samar da wani mikakke peptide tsarin. Daya karshen sabon fili yana da wani amino kungiyar, da kuma na biyu yana da wani free carboxyl kungiyar. Irin wannan tsarin damar dipeptide hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyin, amino acid, forming polypeptide fili.

ƙarshe

A peptides ne na musamman muhimmancin ga rayuwar dan Adam. Polypeptides a cikin tsarin ne da gubobi, maganin rigakafi, kazalika da wasu hormones. Polypeptide sarƙoƙi iya hada da dubban amino acids shirya a wani takamaiman jerin. Idan kawai da amino acid sharan an hada da gina jiki macromolecules, suna kira sauki.

Idan tsarin da sunadari ba kawai amino acid da aka gyara, amma kuma da cations na baƙin ƙarfe, manganese, tutiya, sugars, nucleotides, lipids, a wannan yanayin da kwayoyin da aka kira hadaddun sunadarai. Kamar yadda kowa sauki gina jiki ware fibrin, jini albumins, enzymes.

Complex sunadarai na gina jiki sami antibodies (immunoglobulins) enzymes. Akwai hudu iri tsarin kungiyar na gina jiki. Primary tsarin ne mikakke jerin amino acid sharan da alaka da peptide (amide) shaidu.

Yana da kayyade ayyuka, Properties, kazalika da tsari na gina jiki. A kan tushen da primary Tsarin haifar daban-daban versions Tsarin. Kowane kwayoyin na da musamman primary tsarin, wanda halitta wasu matsaloli ga kira. Alal misali, matsaloli bayyana a zabin na Pharmaceutical jamiái na musamman mutane.