National gwarzo fir'auna Juan Peron: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A nan gaba shugaban Argentina Juan Peron aka haife kan Oktoba 8, 1895 a Buenos Ayrose a cikin iyali tare da wani matsakaicin kudin shiga. A cikin matasa, sai ya shiga makarantar aikin soja. Shi ne da godiya ga sojojin Peron ya fara harkar siyasa.

farkon shekaru

Juan Peron kuwa mai ƙayayuwa hanya zuwa daukaka. A 1936-1938 gg. Ya kasance mai soja attaché a cikin ofishin jakadancin na Argentina a Chile. Sa'an nan ya zo da tafi zuwa Italiya. Akwai Peron soma nazarin soja kimiyya a duwãtsu. Argentina ya ciyar a semester a Jami'ar Turin. Peron Juan Domingo koma kasarsa a 1941.

Duk da yake Argentina ne fuskantar mai tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin. Akwai mulki zamantakewa tashin hankali, jama'a ya rasa ikon levers. A karkashin wadannan yanayi ya zama sananne juyin mulkin soja. Yuni 4, 1943 tada mazauna Buenos Aires koyi cewa sojojin sojoji suka kewaye wurin zama na gwamnati da kuma tsohon shugaban kasar Ramon Castillo gudu a wani unknown shugabanci.

A kan hanyar zuwa ikon

Peron kasance daya daga cikin masu shirya wani juyin mulkin soja a 1943. By lokacin ya riga ya mai kanar, amma ba su sãɓã ba yadu da aka sani tsakanin talakawa. Bayan da kifar da gwamnatin baya Juan Peron ya zama ministan kwadago. A cikin post, ya rayayye hadin guiwa da riga data kasance kwadago da kuma haifar da sababbi a cikin sassa inda ba su wanzu. Wannan mutumin shi ne Mafarin na doka a kan "m aiki" da kuma sauran m sababbin abubuwa.

Babban ginshiƙai na goyon baya ga Peron sun radicals, Labor da Church. Har ila yau, wani ɓangare na shi tausaya tare da nationalists. A marigayi 1945, Juan Domingo Peron shiga zaben shugaban kasa. Da nasarar da ya taimaka inept zamantakewa manufofin da 'yan adawa ga ikonsa. Peron kansa haskaka haske da jawabai ba tare da wani jacket, a cikin abin da ya yi kira da a gina taimaka wa talakawa da kuma rayayye shiga tsakani a cikin tattalin arzikin jihar. Ya} unshi fatan for wani sabon Argentina - a kasar wanda ya ba ya sha wahala a yakin duniya na II, kuma ya kasance mai Haven domin da yawa Turai ma'aikata.

A sabon kasa shugaban

A matsayin shugaban kasar Juan Peron zo Yuni 4, 1946, da kuma a shekara ta 1952 ya aka sake zabe a karo na biyu. Sabon shugaban ya gina yiwuwa ga kai isar da tsarin tattalin arziki. Lokacin da ta fara da nationalization na waje-mallakar Enterprises. A wannan lokacin, Argentina da aka rayayye fitar dashi kayayyaki (yafi hatsi da kuma oilseeds) a cikin yaki-lalatar Turai.

Kamar yadda wa'adi da Juan Peron, a kasa gwarzo, mai mulkin danniya da ya yi yawa don tabbatar da cewa jihar ya fara sa baki a cikin tattalin arzikin a cikin abin da shi ne kafin wasan ne quite a sakandare rawa. Farko na dukan iko ya dauka iko da duk hanyar jirgin kasa, gas da wutar lantarki. Abu mai muhimmanci kara yawan ma'aikata. Fara yakin neman zabe a ga tsari na farashin (azabtar da tada farashin kasuwa tallafi mutum sassa). Argentina ta tattalin arziki da siyasa hanya yayin da Peron aka kira "Peronism".

unfulfilled tsammanin

Da zarar iko, Peron yi imani da cewa nan da sannu Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet za suyi wani uku duniya yaki. Irin wannan rikici zai sake kawo amfani Argentina, bukatar dukiya wadda sun kawai girma. A 1950 fara da Korean War, da kuma Peron a kasidunsu da aka buga a cikin jaridar "Democracy", ya yi annabci cewa, ta za su yi girma a cikin duniya. Shugaban ya ba daidai ba.

Matsalar shi ne, m tattalin arziki manufofin Peron iya ba da 'ya'ya a har abada. Autarky ya tasiri ne kawai a matsayin tsaka gwargwado. Yanzu Argentina bukatar wani sabon abu. Biyu bege Peron, ban da yakin duniya na II, shi ya fitowan da iko kasa bourgeoisie. Cewa ta iya haifar da sabon masana'antu da kuma jobs cewa ba su bukatar jihar tallafin. Irin wannan karfi bourgeoisie a Argentina ya bayyana. 'Yan kasuwa sun yi taƙawa, suka ji tsoro su zuba jari a cikin sabon samarwa da kuma kokarin zauna a cikin gargajiya yankunan da tattalin arzikin kasar.

karo na biyu

Da gazawar m Peron a kasuwar yanayi ya kai ga cewa gaba dayan farko ambatacce kasa kawai cin sama da kudi ceto da kuma aikata ga nauyi ga ta post-yaki shekaru. Bayan ya sake zaben zuwa wani sabon shida wa'adin shekaru shugaban jihar yanke shawarar canza manufofin. By cewa lokaci, na farko alamun da tattalin arziki da rikicin, misali, ya zama devalued pesos. Bugu da kari, a 1951-1952 gg. fari share kasar, ya hallaka yawa na masara da amfanin gona.

A lokacin da ya fara kalma a matsayin shugaban Juan Domingo Peron - Argentine bege ga mafi yawan jama'a da kasa shugaba - ba su yi shakka ya zama wani amincewa da mulkin wanda ya yi yaƙi da fitina a tsakaninsu. A mataki na farko a cikin wannan shugabanci a shekara ta 1948 shi ne shari'a na kotun kolin alkalai, wanda siyasa zargin. Sa'an nan Peron qaddamar da gyara daga cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. A sabon babban dokar kasar, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin shekara ta 1949, a yarda da shugaban kasar da za a sake zabe a karo na biyu.

kasashen waje da manufofin

A cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama , da na kasar Argentina ya tsage tsakanin biyu superpowers - Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Yau, an yi imani da cewa riga na zamani ba ruwanmu ya cikin "na uku hanya", wanda zabe Juan Peron. Biography na kasa shugaba, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, an alakantashi da Turai. Ya so ya yi magana a kan daidaita da United States (a cikin farkon postwar shekaru, Argentina da aka daya daga cikin karfin tattalin arziki a duniya). A sakamakon haka, Perón fili nisanta kansa daga biyu superpowers.

Argentina bai shiga lamuni na duniya IMF da sauran kama kungiyoyi. A lokaci guda, ta kasashen kusan ko da yaushe zabe a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kazalika da Amurka. A fannoni da dama, da "uku hanya" da aka sani kawai rhetoric maimakon cikakken fledged siyasa.

Farko na karshen

A 1953, a lokacin da daya daga cikin jama'a ya bugawa Peron a Buenos Aires, akwai da dama fashewar. A mayar da martani ga harin da 'yan sanda da hare-hare ta fara. Ikon dauki damar Hoshiyar a kan 'yan adawa (Conservative, Socialist da kuma sauran jam'iyyun). Ba da da ewa ba, kasar ta fara wani yajin aiki na ma'aikata. Peronists yi kokarin mai sheki a kan abubuwan gaskiya da tashin hankali. Sarrafawa jarida bai bar jawabinsa game da faruwa a kasar tarzoma.

A rikici tare da coci

A karshen shekarar 1954 Perón sanya yiwuwa da babban kuskure ne. Ya sanya wani jawabin da ya zargi Argentine cocin Katolika ne cewa shi ya zama mai cike da ya haifar da 'yan adawa tasiri, wadda dole ne a combated. Mun fara da farko addini tsananta.

A farko, da coci ya yi kokarin ba su amsa ga hare-haren da Peron. Duk da haka, bayan jawabin nasa, a latsa juya unprecedented anti-clerical yaƙin neman zaɓe. A sakamakon haka, da coci da gaske fara gama da 'yan adawa. M addini procession juya a cikin wani m siyasa zanga-zanga. Hukumomi fara daukar anti-clerical dokokin (yarjejeniyoyin da wajibi darussa a Katolika makarantu, da sauransu. D.).

juyin mulki

Kamar yadda tempers maganarsa soja yanke shawarar ce. Ba su son siyasa, wanda aka gudanar da Juan Domingo Peron. Biography na shugaban kasar, wani al'amari da yadda almara da shi kafin ya ba, ba zai iya gafara sabon kurakurai. A farko ƙoƙari ya faru Yuni 16, 1955. Navy jirage bamai Plaza de Mayo, inda shi ya kamata ya zama Peron. Masu shirya kai hare-hare sun yi kuskure. Daruruwan mutane marasa laifi ne aka kashe ta harin bom. A wannan rana, Buenos Aires ya samu wani sabon kalaman na addini Rikicin.

Satumba 16 da aka aika da mai tawaye a Cordoba. Bambamce (ko ba ka so zubar da jini) Perón dauki tsari a cikin ofishin jakadancin na Paraguay. Sabili indestructible gwamnatin rushewarta a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Wadanda events aka kira a Argentina "Liberation juyin juya halin". Shugaban ya General Eduardo Lonardi.

Koma ikon

Bayan juyin mulkin, Peron ya iya matsawa kasashen waje. Ya zauna a Spain, inda ya rayu kusan biyu da suka gabata. A wannan lokaci, Argentina yana da sau da yawa canza siyasa hanya. Daya gwamnatin sauya wasu, amma a halin yanzu a kowace shekara daga cikin talakawa ya yi girma nostalgic ga old days peronovskim. A kasar sha wahala daga yaƙin ƙungiyoyi, kuma ko da a kan gab da rarrabuwa.

Mukaddashin daga kasashen waje, Perón a farkon 1970s kafa "Hustisialistsky Liberation Front" - motsi, wanda ya koma ainihin Peronists da nationalists, Conservatives da kuma magoya bayan na gurguzanci. A cikin sabon zaben shugaban kasa na 1973 haihuwa kasa gwarzo, ya samu gagarumar nasara. Ya koma gida da rana kafin - a lokacin da magoya bayansa riga sarrafawa da gwamnati, kuma ya bace da hatsarin danniya ko siyasa tsananta. Juan Peron, a takaice biography cewa bambanta da yawa ban mamaki twists, ya rasu ranar 1 Yuli, 1974-th. Ya uku lokaci bai wuce ko da wani shekara.

Personal rayuwa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A cikin 40s babu kasa shahara tsakanin mutane, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da kasa shugaba, ya yi amfani da matarsa Eva (ko Evita). Ta jagoranci mata Peronist jam'iyyar. A shekara ta 1949, da Argentine mata tsiwirwirinsu 'yancin kada kuri'a. Juan da Evita Peron san yadda za a furta rashin tsoro da jawabai da ya kai Peronism magoya bayansa a kusa addini bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya. Sadaka Foundation First Lady zahiri yi ayyuka na ma'aikatar Social Development. Eva Peron mutu a shekara ta 1952 yana da shekaru 33. A sabili da ta mutuwa ya ciwon daji na mahaifa.

Eva ta biyu da matar Peron. Matarsa ta farko, Aurelia mutu a 1938. The uku lokaci Peron taka leda bikin aure shekarar 1961. Zaba, sunã mãsu hijira ya zama Isabel. Lokacin da tsohon siyasa a shekarar 1973 a sake gudu ga shugaban kasa, matarsa, suka je zabe a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Bayan Peron ta mutuwa ta dauki maye gurbin kocin kasar. The mace zauna a cikin ikon for dogon. Kasa da shekaru biyu daga baya, Maris 24, 1976 sojojin sanya wani Sojoji sun hambarar da Isabel. Generals aika ta zuwa Spain. Akwai 85-shekara mace zaune a wannan rana.