Nau'ukan ɗalibai da nau'o'in mosses: kamance da bambance-bambance

Ɗaya daga cikin duniyoyin da suka fi duniyarmu a duniya shine nau'o'in masallatai da dama da lichens rufe manyan yankuna. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna hada zumunta tare da algae, amma akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin su.

Lichen ne alama ce ta fungi da algae. Algae ke tsiro a tsakanin fannonin fungal. Irin wannan lichen jiki tsarin sa da shuka zuwa sha danshi ta hanyar fungal filaments da kuma aiwatar ma'adanai narkar da a cikinta a cikin kwayoyin abu da kore algae. Idan aka kwatanta da mosses, lichens sun fi dacewa, amma sun bushe tare da rashin rashin ruwa kuma sun mutu cikin rashin haske.

Mosses na bukatar shading da ruwa, wanda aka shafe daga ƙasa ta hanyar matakan filamentary na musamman - rhizoids, wanda ya zama tushen. Dabbobi daban-daban suna da nau'i daban-daban, amma duk suna ninkawa ta hanyar karba. Ruwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifuwa, domin yana tare da taimakonsa cewa nauyin mazajensu sun isa zygote na mace kuma sunyi takin.

Kowane nau'o'in mosses suna haifar da matsakaici - tsirrai da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, wanda ba zai iya iya haifuwa ba, wanda wata matsurar murya da spores ta fara. A sakamakon taswirar nau'i mai nau'i, ɓangaren suna ci gaba da haifar da sauti - tsarin filamentary, wanda daga baya juya zuwa mace ko namiji - gametophyte. Sabili da haka, akwai bambancin jinsin jinsin tare da wani abu mai mahimmanci.

Yada Moss shuke-shuke conventionally kasu kashi 3 azuzuwan:

1. Anthocerot. Irin nau'o'i na wannan aji sun haɗa da nau'in nau'in 300, babban sashi na rarraba shine wurare masu yawa. Kwayoyin anthocerotic suna da tsari mai mahimmanci - gabobin jima'i suna samuwa a cikin ƙananan launi na shuka, wanda shine rubutun da yake fitowa daga abin da ke nuna nauyin ciwon daji na podgotiform, wanda yana da eletars - zaren da ke inganta mafi kyawun watsawa na spores.

2. Masallatai mai guba, wakilci na kasha marshantsievye da yungermannievye. Rabin farko ya hada da tsire-tsire wanda gametophyte zai iya zama dabam dabam cikin nau'i kuma yana da ƙafa mai laushi, kuma abin da ake amfani da ita shine maɗaukaka kuma ba tare da wani sutura ba. Tsire-tsire na kashi na biyu suna da matakai da yawa kuma sun bambanta da nau'i na gametophyte. Hanyoyin hankulan sun fi dacewa a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropics.

3. Listostebelnye. Nau'o'in mosses na iri iri iri dubban dubban (game da 95% na dukkan masallatai) kuma sun hada da rakoki 3: brieves, sphagnous da andreev. Ga mareev ne ƙananan tsire-tsire masu launin launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, suna girma a kan duwatsu. Don sphagnum, kasancewa ta hanyar kai tsaye da sporogon a matsayin nau'i mai siffar spherical yana da halayyar. Gurasar ƙwayoyi suna da bambanci, amma duk tsire-tsire suna da ƙananan hakora don rage spores.

Dukkan bishiyoyin bishiyoyi sun zama fadada a cikin gandun daji da kuma wuraren kwashe, a arewacin yankuna. Mafi shahara ne gansakuka Kukushkin flax, sphagnum leukobry - daban na gansakuka, photo abin da ya auku a matsayin tsanani kundayen, kazalika a photo tarin.

Mosses suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kwayoyin halittu da kuma samar da peat, wanda ake amfani dasu a masana'antu. Don tsara gonakin lambu, ana amfani da ganga, wanda shine mai sauƙin girma a kansa ta amfani da yisti, sukari, kefir da kowane bangare na tsire-tsire.