Nawa ne hippopotamus yayi nauyi? A lokacin haihuwar, tsufa

Wannan babban dabba yana kallon kallon farko ya zama m. Duk da haka, duk wanda ya ga hippopotamus cikin ruwa zai ki amincewa da wannan zato. Ko da yake gwargwadon behemoth yayi nauyi, a cikin ruwa ya zama kyakkyawa, da sauri kuma har ma da kyau. Menene wannan dabba, ina yake rayuwa kuma menene halaye? Za a iya samun amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyi a ƙasa.

Asalin

Sunan dabba ya fito ne daga kalmomin Hellenanci guda biyu: doki da kogi. Ba shi da wuya a fahimci cewa shi za a iya kira a kogin doki. Duk da haka, hippo ba shi da dangantaka da dawakai. Kamar yadda alade suke, wanda aka kwatanta da su sau da yawa. Abin mamaki shine, danginsa mafi kusa shi ne whale.

Tun da daɗewa, kimanin shekaru miliyan 60 da suka shige, duniyar kakanninsu na dabbobin zamani suna zaune a duniya. A wasu wurare wani ɓangare na cikinsu ya kasance a cikin ƙasa, wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin ruwa. Ya faru game da shekaru miliyan 55 da suka gabata. Kodayake hippopamamus ya zaba ƙasar, rayuwa ba tare da ruwa ba wanda ake tsammani a gare su, kuma ba lallai ba ne kawai don shayar da ƙishirwa.

Hippopotamus

Gaba ɗaya, wannan dabba yana cikin rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna cikin iyalin hippos. Daga cikin dabbobin ƙasa, shi ne na biyu mafi girma bayan 'yan giwaye. Maza sukan isa 3.2 zuwa 4.2 mita a tsawon. Nawa ne hippopotamus yayi nauyi tare da irin wannan jiki? About 1.5-3.2 ton. Ƙananan mata - a tsawon tsayi zuwa mita 2.7, yayin da suke auna kawai har zuwa 2.5 ton.

Bugu da kari zuwa tsakiyar, akwai wani Littãfi nauyin wani dorina. Max, aka sani ga mutum, shi ne 4 tan. Wannan namiji na ainihi ne. Fata na dabba yana da haske sosai, har zuwa 5 inimita. Tana tafiya da sauri a cikin wuyansa da kirji. Kwayar hippopotamus ta zama muni, babban yatsun yana da zurfin yanke. 'Ya'yan hippos' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ' A fata gashi ba ta samuwa.

Shuka cikin hippos har zuwa mita daya da rabi. By tsofaffi, manyan samfurori na iya kaiwa 165 centimeters. Rigun yana daga cikin nau'i na 50-55 cm Duk da yadda hippopotamus yayi nauyi, yana tafiyar da sauri - zai iya kai gudunmawan har zuwa 30 km / h. Abin takaici, girmansa bai yarda ya yi marathon ba, amma nisan mita 5-6 da wannan gudun yana da kyauta.

Tsarin jiki na hippo na musamman ne, an halicce shi don tsawon lokaci a cikin ruwa. Idanunsu, kunnuwa da nostrils suna samuwa sosai don su kasance a kan fage ko da a lokacin da dukkanin dabba an nutse a cikin ruwa. Wannan yana ba da hippopotamus dama don bincika kewaye, yayin kauce wa kunar rana a jiki.

Jaws bude a wani kwana na digiri 150. A cikin bakin baki, ƙananan hakora na dabba suna bayyane. Tsawancin canines na cikin kashi 50 centimeters, haɗari suna zuwa daga gumakan kawai daga 30 centimeters. Ƙananan incisors suna takaice, yayin da kwarin suna cigaba da girma cikin rayuwar dabba. Kowane ɗayan hakoran haɓaka suna kimanin kilo uku. An yi maye gurbin daɗaɗɗen hakora a cikin shekara guda.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa hippo ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da ruwa - fatar jikinsu ya bushe kuma ya rufe ta da mummunan rauni. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Kattai yayi ƙoƙarin ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa.

Makiya

A gaskiya, la'akari da yadda hippo yayi nauyi, zamu iya cewa ba shi da makiya. Koda maciji mai fama da yunwa ba zai kai hari kan hippopotamus ba, ko da yake ba a san dalilin wannan ba - babban mai karfin gaske zai iya magance wani ƙwararrun matashi.

Yanayin hippopotamus yana da matukar damuwa. Akwai sau da yawa lokuta idan suka kai hari wani mutum - suka karya ko juya jirgin ruwa. Duk da wannan, yawan jinsunan suna ragewa. Sai kawai a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, kuma Afirka ta zama kashi 10% kasa da waɗannan dabbobi. A halin yanzu, akwai kimanin 'yan hijira 150,000.

Koda yake bansan jihar, an cigaba da yakin dabba har yau. Akwai dalilai biyu na wannan. Na farko, 'yan asalin sunyi imani cewa wannan dabba ne mai cutarwa da ba dole ba, wanda shine haɗari ga mutane. Abu na biyu, yana da dadi sosai da nama. Da farko saboda wadannan dalilai hoppopotamus ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa a kowace rana.

Habitat

Tun farkon farkon karni na karshe, waɗannan dabbobi sun kusan dukkanin Afirka: daga bakin Nilu zuwa Cape Town. A yau, ba sau da yawa yiwuwar ganin hippopotamus a gabas ko tsakiyar ɓangaren nahiyar. Duk da haka, har ma wadannan tarurruka sukan fi faruwa a wuraren shakatawa na kasa da ke kula da wannan nau'in dabbobi.

A rana, dabbobin suna barci cikin ruwa. Binciki abinci, sun fara da zuwan duhu. Sun dawo cikin kandami kafin gari. Kowace hippopotamus yana da hanya ta sirri ta hanyar da ta kai ga makiyaya. Ana amfani da hippopotamus nauyi, kimanin ton 3, ta hanyar ciyawa mai gina jiki da kuma tsire-tsire na ruwa.

Rayuwa Hasashen kuma haifuwa

Zuwan rai mai rai na hippopotamus shine shekaru 40 zuwa 50. Lokacin da aka ajiye a cikin zoos, za su rayu har zuwa shekaru 60. Tanga ta zauna fiye da sauran dangi - ta yi shekaru 61 a zauren Munich. A halin yanzu, Amurka tana da shekaru Donna Hippo, wanda shekarunsa ya kai shekaru 60.

Matukar jima'i yakan faru a cikin mata da shekaru biyar. Zasu iya kaiwa yara 55. Mutum sun isa matukar jima'i ta shekaru 7-8. Fattenling yana da watanni 8. Ƙarin zane na yiwuwa ne kawai bayan watannin 18. Mating dabbobi karkashin ruwa. Akwai kuma bayyanar ƙananan hippopotamus. Weight a haihuwa ne kawai 25 zuwa 45 kg. An haifi jariri game da 100 cm tsawo, 50 cm high.

Ba a haife shi ba, jaririn yana tasowa zuwa iska da inhales iska. A ƙasa, ana haifar da haihuwa ba da ƙima ba, mata suna shirye-shiryen su a gaba, suna tattake ƙasa a cikin "kulawar yara". Yawancin lokaci yarinya ya bayyana a cikin haske, tagwaye suna da yawa. Yara suna ciyar da madarar mahaifiyar kimanin shekara daya, daga nauyin nauyin hippo ya girma sosai, saboda madara yana da babban abun ciki. Komawa cikin ruwa don ciyarwa, yara suna kusa da hanyarsu kuma suna kunnen kunnuwansu a kai don su guje wa ruwa.

Bayar da wutar lantarki

Don neman abinci, ana iya cire dabbobi daga jikin ruwa don nesa har zuwa kilomita 8. A kan makiyaya dole ne ku ciyar akalla sa'o'i 4-5 don kula da nauyin gwanin hippopotamus. Hippopotamus adult zai iya cinye kimanin kilo 70 na ciyayi kowace rana. A lokuta da yawa, suna iya cin abincin, amma wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a yanayin rashin abinci.

Nisa daga cikin raƙuman ruwa tare da dabbobin da suke tafiya zuwa makiyaya daidai yake da kauri. Behemoths suna matuƙar himma suna kula da ƙasashensu, rabawa har ma da ruwa. Babban namiji yana da iyaka a bakin teku, har zuwa mita 250. Tare da shi rayu har zuwa 15 mata tare da yara na bara. Mazan da suka yi girma suna tsara kansu.

Imfani a yanayin

Kodayake 'yan asalin ba su ga amfanin da ke cikin wadannan dabbobi ba, suna da tasiri sosai a kan yanayin yanayin ruwa da kuma rayuwar mutanen da ke zaune a wannan yanki. An dade yana tabbatar da cewa phytoplankton, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yawancin abubuwa masu rai, yana cigaba da ninuwa a cikin ruwa wanda jikin tsuntsaye suke rayuwa. Wato, karin tsuntsaye a cikin tafkin, da kuma karin tafkuna a cikin gundumar, haka nan ana iya samun dabbobin da ke haɗe, kamar kifi, a nan. Kuma mafi yawan wannan halitta mai rai, yawancin abincin mutanen da suke zaune kusa da juna.

Dwarf behemoth

Bayan da ya saba dorina, akwai kuma wani gajeren dorina. Wannan dabba tana kimanin kilo 275 ne kawai da karuwa daga 75-85 cm Yawan tsawonsa ya kai kimanin 150. Irin wannan dabba zai iya rayuwa a cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 55, yayin da a cikin daji ba duka rayuwa har zuwa 30 ba. Kasashen Wooded da ke yammacin Afrika. Ƙararru, hanyoyi da idanu ba su da yawa a kan kai kamar yadda suke yi tare da 'yan uwanmu. Kullun suna lura da jiki fiye da jiki. Fata ne mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa. Dwarfs yana cin lokaci kadan a cikin ruwa. Wannan takunkumin yana da kimanin mutum dubu uku kawai.