Norway ma'adanai. Nature, sauyin yanayi da kuma masana'antu na kasar

Lalle ne, ka riga ya san wani abu game da kasa kamar Norway. A duniya map za ka iya samun shi ne a jihar located a kan Scandinavian Larabawa a arewacin Turai. Mun bayar da shawarar da su kara zurfafa da ilmi da karatu ma'adanai, da sauyin yanayi, yanayi da kuma masana'antu na kasar.

Daga kudu da gabas iyaka Norway da kuma Finland (736 km), Sweden (1630 km) da kuma Rasha (196 km). Ta wanke da yankin arewa maso yammacin kasar Norway Sea, da Barents - daga arewa maso gabashin, Arewa Sea - a kudu. 25 148 km ne ƙirin.

Yankin ƙasar da cewa jihar hada da Bulgaria da kuma Jan Mayen da Svalbard tarin tsiburai - musamman administrative naúrar, ciki har da Bear Island. Norway a duniya taswirar da aka gabatar a kasa.

Kamar yadda ka gani, kasar ƙasa lullube kunkuntar tsiri (kasa da 420 km sa shi da widest wani ɓangare) tare da Scandinavian Larabawa, da arewa maso yammacin tekun. Yana kuma ya hada da dukan duwatsu, tsibiran da kuma tun fil azal, dake a cikin yankin ruwa.

Bisa ga bayanan da shekarar 1984, jihar yawan aka 4.140.000 mutane. Babban birnin kasar - da birnin Oslo. Kasar Norway ne zuwa kashi 18 yankuna. Suna da ake kira fyulke. Norway - da hukuma harshe. Norwegian krone - kudin. Wannan kasa ne tun shekarar 1960 memba na Turai Free Trade Association.

Man fetur da kuma iskar gas reserves

Gas samarwa a Norway - wani muhimmin bangare na tattalin arziki. Manyan reserves na iskar gas da kuma man fetur sun mayar da hankali a Arewa Sea, a cikin Norwegian kansu. Suna kiyasta a 765 biliyan cubic mita. m da kuma biliyan 1.5 tons, bi da bi. Akwai 3/4 na kowa filayen da kuma arzikin man fetur a cikin dukan na yammacin Turai. A cikin ruwan arewa na Arctic Circle kamar yadda manyan arzikin man fetur da aka samu. Norway ta su yawan bautarka 11 th wuri a duniya. Rabin dukan da gas a yammacin Turai da aka mayar da hankali a nan. A wannan batun da ya isa ga 10th wuri a duniya Norway. Albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar ne mai arziki da kuma m. 16.8 ya kai tan biliyan isa yiwuwa man fetur da kuma iskar gas - 47.7} asar. m. Oil samarwa a Norway - a kansu a cikin abin da hannu fiye da 17,000 mutane a wannan kasa.

Fiye da kwata na Norwegian zuba jari ne da gina hakowa dandamali, wanda aka located yamma da Bergen, a Arewa Sea. A nan, akwai daya daga cikin manyan iskar gas filayen. The most hakowa dandali a duniya da aka gina daidai Norwegians. Its hijirar ne 1 ton miliyan. Platform tsawo - 465 mita.

kwal

A wannan jiha su ne mafi girma adibas na ci a cikin Arctic sassa na Turai. Suna located a tsibirin na Svalbard (Norway). Coal samuwa ne a manyan lambobin. Kamar yadda na 2002, da ci albarkatu a yankin suna kiyasta Norwegian geologists a 10 ya kai tan biliyan m da kuma tabbatar da reserves na wanda adadin su game da 135 ton miliyan tamkar gwal - .. 35 ton miliyan na yafi ci reserves ne a Barentsburg filayen, Dutsen Dala. Longir (Paleocene), Grumant City. Babban ci yankin tare 4 mahakar located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na tsibirin gabas na Svalbard (Norway).

Albarkatun ma'adinai ba iyakance zuwa sama. Mun gaya maka game da wasu sauran.

Karafa

Tama - babban hanya na karfe, wanda yana da Norway. Albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar da aka kimanta a 1999. A cewar wannan shekara, reserves na tama adibas Norway daukan 6-7 wuri a cikin dukan sauran kasashen Turai. The uku main iri suna nuna a Norway tama ajiya. Wannan Precambrian ferruginous quartzite (filin Bornevatn inda duka reserves na 1 ya kai tan biliyan, ciki har da miliyan 100 ton - gagarumin), magnetite, hematite tama Cambrian-Silurian (ajiya game Dunderlanna, Hyundai rauni), kazalika da hematite, magnetite tama ilmenite, magnetite samuwar (Rodsann, Telnes, code, da dai sauransu).

vanadium

A reserves na vanadium daukan 2nd wuri a Yammacin Turai (bayan Finland) Norway. Ma'adanai, wanda shi ne cirewa (haka kamar yadda vanadium a wani m nau'i ba a samu a yanayin), mafi yawa mayar da hankali a filin Rodsann. The adadin tama kiyasta game 12-15 ton miliyan.

Titan

Norway reserves wannan ma'adinai yana da wani abu matsayi a tsakanin sauran kasashen Turai. Major masana'antu amfani ne anorthosite lardin eigersund. Ga Turai ta most adibas na da irin wannan. Telnes nawa, Turai ta most reserves na ilmenite (hoton da ke ƙasa), kuma da muhimmanci.

jan karfe

Copper ne yafi samar a cikin nisa arewa. Akwai ma filayen daga pyrites amfani a cikin sinadaran masana'antu don dawo da sulfur mahadi. Bugu da kari, da filayen da ake ci gaba daban-daban iri iri na yi dutse, ciki har da marmara da dutse.

A reserves na jan ores kasa daga saman goma kasashen Turai, bisa ga data for 1999. Industrial darajar a Norway ne jan tama yankunan: Sulitelma (Sulihelma), Trondheim (Fosdalen, Tverfellet, Lokket et al.), Grong (Skuruvatn, YoMA).

wasu ma'adanai

A Norway, ban da wasu ma'adanai, akwai azurfa tama. A Kongsberg su ne ainihin azurfa ores kuma Bleykvassli da Mufellete - gubar-tutiya adibas, daga abin da karfe an cire. Har ila yau a wannan kasar yana reserves na zinariya (pyrite adibas), graphite (a game. Senja Skalani), phosphate ores (ajiya code) nepheline syenite (tsibirin Sherno), feldspar (gundumar Glamslann), olivine yashi (Aheym), talc (Gudbrandsdalen Valle, Filit Altenmarku), farar ƙasa (Dahlen, Slemmestad, Kirholt), marmara (Lyngstad), dolomite (Kragero yankin).

masana'antu a Norway

A halin yanzu, a cikin sharuddan na GDP Norway bautarka 26th wuri a tsakanin sauran kasashen duniya (as na 2006). mazauna jindadin ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan man fetur refining da kuma iskar gas masana'antu.

Da jinkirin taki na bunkasa masana'antu a kasar na amfani a gare mu. Wannan shi ne saboda iyakance babban birnin kasar gudana, kazalika da kunkuntar kasuwannin gida. 26% na babban fitarwa da kuma 17% na aikin da ke a cikin makamashi rabo na yi da kuma masana'antu masana'antu. Energy-m masana'antu da aka ɓullo da a 'yan shekarun nan. Masana'antu a Norway ya hada da wadannan manyan Categories: electrochemical, ELECTROMETALLURGICAL, rediyo, da ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, Shipbuilding. Matakin qarshe na masana'antu a yankin alama ta Oslo Fjord. Ga shi ne mayar da hankali game da rabin dukan masana'antu Enterprises a Norway.

A manyan reshe na masana'antu a cikin wannan kasa - electrometallurgy. Yana gina a kan m amfani da cheap samar da wutar lantarki. Aluminum core samfurin da aka sanya daga aluminum oxide, wanda aka shigo da.

sinadaran masana'antu

A cikin lardin Telemark a farkon karni na 20th shi an halitta electrochemical samar. A wannan hanya shi ne farkon da sinadaran masana'antu a kasar.

Norway yau fitar da kaya masana'antu amfani da nakiyoyi, nitrogen da takin mai magani, Paints, alginates. Su Manufacturing ya mamaye ba kawai a Turai, manyan mukamai, amma ko da a cikin duniya. Ya ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, petrochemistry. A karkashi akwai samar da robobi da sauran roba kayan.

Nitrogen taki ne daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin da ake samar da electrochemical masana'antu. Nitrogen wajibi ne ga wannan, yana cirewa tare da yin amfani da manyan yawa na wutar lantarki daga iska. Yana fitar dashi da wani gagarumin rabo daga samar nitrogen da takin mai magani.

katako masana'antu

37% na kasar rufe da gandun daji. The fi na kowa a Norway gandun daji itace nau'in - Birch, Scots Pine da spruce. A itace stock ne a halin yanzu a kasar ne 2 sau fiye da 100 da suka wuce. M gonaki ne iyali yayin da manyan gandunan daji da kuma aikin noma. Su a cikin wannan kasa sosai. A Norway iyali da gandunan daji daban-daban da keɓaɓɓun da kuma kananan size yankin. Wannan halitta yanayi mai kyau domin tsare da kasar rabe-raben. An muhimmanci kansu na kasar masana'antu ne ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda masana'antu.

aikin injiniya

Game da 25% na dukkan masana'antu ma'aikata suna aiki a cikin yi na kai kayan aiki da kuma daban-daban da inji. A mafi muhimmanci yankunan na aiki - jirgin gyara da kuma Shipbuilding, samar da kayan aiki ga watsa kuma ikon tsara. Injiniyan inji - quite matasa masana'antu a wannan kasa. Tare da sa hannu na waje babban birnin kasar a cikin post-yaki shekaru da aka halitta manyan shipyards da kuma masana'antu, kwarewa a samar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa turbines, teku mai hakowa dandamali, mabukaci da kuma masana'antu lantarki da lantarki da kayan aiki.

Tufafi, abinci da kuma yadi masana'antu

Abinci, tufafi da kuma yadi masana'antu ne fitar dashi kananan kayayyakin. Su gamsar da bukatun na jihar kanta a cikin tufafin da abinci. Game da 20% na dukkan masana'antu ma'aikata a Norway suna aiki a cikin wadannan masana'antu.

kifi aiki masana'antu

yana da muhimmanci ga Norway kusan kazalika da man fetur da kuma iskar gas samar. Babban cibiyoyin kifi aiki - shi ne Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Ålesund. A gagarumin ɓangare na Rasha masunta na kama ba to Norway domin aiki. Rasha - shi ne ma daya daga cikin mafi girma da masu amfani da kifi kayayyakin. Norwegian kamun karshe uku shekarun da suka gabata ya ci gaba cikin sauri. Rich kwarewa da aka samu domin samar da daban-daban kayan aiki for namo kifi, saka idanu, da kuma samar da fasahar da a filin daga kifi aiki.

The taimako na kasar

Relief da taimako Norway albarkatun, kamar kowace kasa, ne m. Yana da har zuwa cikin sauƙi dogara sun fi mayar a kan shi, abin da dũkiya yana da wani State. Norway - a kasar wanda ya mamaye wani babban yanki na mountainous ƙasa. Scandinavian duwãtsu - shi ne fiye da 70% na jihar. Su mai shimfiɗa daga kudu-maso-yammacin zuwa arewa-maso-gabas domin 1700 km. A matsakaicin tsayi da Scandinavian duwãtsu na 1600-1900 m (iyakar - 2469 mita, dutsen galdhøpiggen). Seaside kunkuntar band (abin da ake kira stranflat) zauna filayen kwari. Su nisa ne 40-50 km. Aka sãme su, yafi a cikin kudancin kasar, a cikin kananan rabo, a yankin na Oslo Ford. A Fjeld (Plateau-peneplains) dissected da fjords (kwaruruka) dutsen. Arewacin kasar ne a low m tudu kira Finnmarken. Tsayinsa ne 300-500 mita. 1139 mita kai da mafi kololuwa (na Chuokkarassa), wani gandun daji-tundra da gornotundrovymi shimfidar. Tare da Fjeld kaifi bambanci ne warai dissected da m gangara na Scandinavian duwãtsu. A nan ne yafi taiga gandun daji. Kamar yadda ka gani, da yanayi a Norway ne bambancin.

A cikin wannan kasar, da yawa tsibiran (Sulfur, Magere, Senja, Vesterålen, Lofoten). The most waɗansu kõguna: Logen (Gudbrandsdalen), Glomma, Logen (Numedal). Nature Norway ne kuma halin da wurin tabkuna. Sun zauna game da 4% na ƙasa. Wadannan su ne mafi yawa tabkuna kankara. Babbar - Mjøsa. Game da 27% na jihar da aka rufe da gandun daji. Tarin tsiburai Shpitsenbergen (Islands Spitsbergen, Edge, Nordaustlandet, Bear, Barents et al.) Shin halin da alternating plateaus, ridges da kwaruruka m. Indented fiords ta Coast. Mafi Girma pinnacle nan - Newton (tsawo - 1712 m). Ice zanen gado rufe fiye da rabi daga cikin tarin tsiburai. Permafrost ɓullo da ko'ina.

sauyin yanayi

Duk da cewa, kamar sauran kasashen Nordic, Norway ne ba daban-daban dumi lokacin bazaar, shi ne muhimmi a cikin wani m sauyin yanayi. Wannan feedback ne Gulf Stream. A sauyin yanayi a wannan kasa shi ne temperate, subarctic - a cikin nisa arewa, teku - a ga ~ ar teku. Kasar Norway ne kuma halin da sosai m hunturu. A watan Janairu, da talakawan zafin jiki ne daga -12 ° C zuwa arewa da kuma kudu - +2 ° C. Summers ne sanyi (+6 ... + 15 ° C), sau da yawa da tsananin iska da kuma ruwan sama. Yanayi dabam daga 300 mm da shekara (gabas) to 3000 mm (yafi a yammacin gangara). A gabashin gangara na intermountain daruna bayyana nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Ice zanen gado suna da yawa Fjeld. A duka yankin na kankara ne kamar 5000 sq. km. Indented fjords ƙirin.

seismicity

Kammala da bayanin Norway, ƙara kamar wata magana game da seismicity. Kasar ne a cikin zone, halin da low girgizar kasa aiki. Amma, da epicenters na jam'i na kananan girgizar asa suna tare da Atlantic Coast.