Non-membrane da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin: iri, tsari da aiki

Animal Kwayoyin, shuke-shuke da kuma fungi kunshi uku main sassa: da jini membrane, tsakiya da kuma cytoplasm. Kwayoyin cutar bambanta daga gare su, domin shi ba shi da wani tsakiya, amma su ma suna da wani membrane da cytoplasm.

Ta yaya cytoplasm?

Wannan shi ne wani ciki ɓangare na cell a cikin abin da za a iya bambanta hyaloplasm (ruwa matsakaici), a kuma wasu gabbansa (organelle). Inclusions - maras m samuwar cikin wani cell, wanda m wakilci droplets ko lu'ulu'u maye gina jiki. Wasu gabbansa - wani m tsarin. Kamar yadda jiki ta babban aikin raka'a ne jikinsu, don haka a cikin wani keji dukan manyan ayyuka suna yi da wasu gabbansa.

Matattarar da kuma wadanda ba membrane da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin

A farko zuwa kashi odnomembrannye da dvumembrannye. Sai kawai na karshe biyu - yana da mitochondria da chloroplast. By odnomembrannym hada lysosomes, Golgi na'ura, endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. Game da ba-membrane wasu gabbansa, za mu yi magana a more daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

Non-membrane da wasu gabbansa da tsarin tantanin halitta

Wadannan sun hada da ribosomes, da cell cibiyar da cytoskeleton kafa microtubules da microfilaments. Har ila yau a cikin wannan kungiyar za a iya dauke da wasu gabbansa motsi mallaki by guda-celled kwayoyin, kazalika da ɗa namiji Kwayoyin dabbobi. Bari mu dubi tsari na ba-membrane da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin, sifa da aiki.

Mene ne wani ribosome?

Wannan ba-membrane da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin, wanda ya kunshi ribonucleoproteins. Su tsarin hada da sassa biyu (subunits). Daya daga cikinsu shi ne wani karamin daya - da babban. A sauran, su ne raba. Su suna da alaka lokacin da ribosome fara aiki.

Sadu da wadanda ba membrane wasu gabbansa na sel na gina jiki kira. Wato, don fassarar tsari - shiga amino acid a cikin polypeptide sarkar a wani tsari, cikakken bayani game da abin da aka kofe daga DNA to mRNA da kuma rubuce.

Girman ribosomes ne ashirin nanometers. Yawan wadannan da wasu gabbansa a cikin cell iya isa har zuwa dama dubban guda.

A eukaryotes, ribosomes ne a hyaloplasm, da kuma a kan surface na kausasa endoplasmic reticulum. Su ma ba a dvumembrannyh wasu gabbansa: da mitochondria da chloroplast.

cytocentrum

Wannan organelle ne hada da centrosome, wanda aka kewaye da tsentrosferoy. Centrosome hada biyu centrioles - komai a ciki Silinda hada da microtubules. Tsentrosfera kunshi tsawaita daga cibiyar radially salula microtubules. Har ila yau, shi ne hada da matsakaiciyar filaments da microfibrils.

Cell cibiyar aikata ayyuka kamar samuwar mitotic dogara sanda. Shi ne kuma cibiyar na kungiyar na microtubules.

Game da sinadaran tsarin na wannan organelle, ainihin abu ne mai gina jiki tubulin.

Wannan organelle aka located a cikin lissafi cibiyar na cell, don haka ya na da wannan sunan.

Microfilaments da microtubules

Na farko shi ne a filament furotin actin. Su diamita ne 6 nm.

A diamita ne 24 nanometer microtubules. Su ganuwar suna gina gina jiki tubulin.

Wadannan ba membrane kwayoyin halitta ta samar cytoskeleton, wanda taimaka don kula da akai siffar.

Wani microtubule aiki - kai, ga shi iya motsa da wasu gabbansa da abubuwa a cikin cell.

wasu gabbansa da motsi

Su na iri biyu: cilia da flagella.

A farkon da guda-celled kwayoyin kamar ciliates takalma.

Flagella da Chlamydomonas, kazalika a dabba maniyyi.

Movement of wasu gabbansa kunshi contractile sunadaran.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda a ƙarshe ya takaita.

Saboda haka za mu dubi duk da ba-membrane da wasu gabbansa da shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da fungi da kwayoyin cuta, sifa da aiki.