Mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar: misali na aikin

mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar ne mafi sauki awo classifier wanda dogara ne a kan kimantawa da kama na daban-daban abubuwa.

Bincikar abu nasa ne da aji to wanda suna cikin batutuwa na horo samfurin. Bari mu gano wanda shi ne mafi kusa makwabcin. Ka yi kokarin fahimtar da rikitarwa kwayoyin halitta, misalai daban-daban dabaru.

jarrabawa hanyar

mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar za a iya gani a matsayin mafi kowa algorithm amfani ga rarrabuwa. Object jurewa rarrabuwa nasa ne da aji y_i, to wanda ya fi kusanci da abu koyo x_i samfurin.

Bayani dalla-dalla na hanyoyin wabtansu

k mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar iya inganta daidaito daga rarrabuwa. Bincikar abu nasa ne da wannan aji a matsayin girma da makwabtanta, wato, k kusa da shi abubuwa da bincikar samfurin x_i. A warware matsaloli tare da biyu azuzuwan da yawan makwabta za a m don kauce wa wani halin da ake ciki na shubuha, idan wannan adadin makwabta za ciki daban-daban azuzuwan.

Da dabara na dakatar da makwabta

PostgreSQL-bincikar Hanyar tsvector wabtansu ake amfani da lokacin da adadin azuzuwan akalla uku, da kuma ba za ka iya amfani da wani m lambar. Amma shubuha taso ko da a cikin wadannan lokuta. Sa'an nan kuma, i-th maƙwabcinsa samun w_i nauyi, wanda rage-rage tare da maƙwabci daraja i. Yana nufin da aji na abu, wanda zai yi wani matsakaicin total nauyi tsakanin kusa makwabta.

A cikin jarrabawa na Compactness

A zuciya na duk na sama da hanyoyin ne jarrabawa na Compactness. Yana nuna wani connection tsakanin ma'aunin kama da abubuwa da su na zuwa daidai da aji. A wannan halin da ake ciki, iyakar tsakanin daban-daban iri ne mai sauki tsari, da kuma haifar da azuzuwan da abubuwa a sarari m mobile yankin. A karkashin irin wannan wurare a ilmin lissafi analysis dauka don nufin wani rufe a daure sa. Wannan jarrabawa ba alaka da yau da kullum ji maganar.

Ainihin dabara

Bari mu bincika mafi kusa makwabcin. Idan samarwa horo samfurin nau'in "abu-martani» X ^ m = \ {(x_1, y_1), \ dige, (x_m, y_m) \}. idan wani jam'i na abubuwa domin ayyana da nesa aiki \ rho (x, x '), wanda aka wakilta a cikin nau'i na wani isasshen model kama daga abubuwa ta kara darajar da aiki rage-rage kama tsakanin abubuwa x, x'.

Domin wani abu, u zai gina wani horo samfurin abubuwa x_i tare da kara nisa to u:

\ Rho (u, x_ {1; u}) \ leq \ rho (u, x_ {2; u}) \ leq \ cdots \ leq \ rho (u, x_ {m. U}),

inda x_ {i. u} characterizes abu koyo samfurin, wanda shi ne i-th maƙwabcinsa tushen abu u. Irin wannan tsarin rubutu da kuma yin amfani da su amsa ga i-th makwabcin: y_ {i. u}. A sakamakon haka, mun sami cewa wani abu u tsokani renumbering nasu samfurin.

Tabbatar da dalilin da yawan k makwabta

mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar idan k = 1 da yake iya bada wani erroneous rarrabuwa, ba kawai a kan abubuwa-watsi, amma kuma ga sauran azuzuwan da suke kusa.

Idan muka dauki k = m, da algorithm zai zama kamar barga, kuma za su lalace cikin wani m darajar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa AMINCI da muhimmanci a kauce matsananci fihirisa k.

A yi, a matsayin mafi kyau duka index k amfani da rarrabẽwa zamiya iko.

screenings watsi

Abubuwan da nazari ne sun fi mayar unequal, amma daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suke da halaye na mai aji kuma suna kira a matsayin nagartacce. A makwabtaka da batun manufa model na ta high Yiwuwar na ga wannan aji.

Yadda rezultativen Hanyar wabtansu? An misali za a iya gani a kan tushen da gefe da kuma wadanda ba m Categories abubuwa. An zaci m yanayi na abu sauran wakilan wannan aji. A lokacin da ka cire su daga rarrabuwa na Samfur da ingancin ba zai sha wahala.

Samun a cikin wani adadi na samfurori yiwu amo bursts cewa ne "a kan ƙasa" na wani aji. Ana cire ma tasiri a kan ingancin da rarrabuwa.

Idan samfurin dauka daga uninformative da kuma kawar da amo abubuwa, za ka iya count a kan 'yan kyakkyawan sakamako a wannan lokaci.

A farko interpolation Hanyar mafi kusa makwabcin rarrabuwa damar inganta quality, rage adadin adana bayanai, rage lokacin da rarrabuwa, wanda aka kashe a zabi na gaba nagartacce.

A amfani da matsananci-manyan samfurori

mafi kusa makwabcin hanyar dogara ne a kan real ajiya na koyo abubuwa. Don ƙirƙirar sosai manyan sikelin-samfurori yin amfani da wani fasaha matsalar. Manufar ba don kawai ta tserar da wani gagarumin adadin bayanai, amma kuma a cikin m adadin lokacin da za a yi lokacin da za a sami wani abu u k daga cikin mafi kusa da makwabta.

To jimre da wannan aiki, hanyoyi guda biyu da aka yi amfani:

• thinned samfurin via a sallama wadanda ba data abubuwa.
• tasiri amfani na musamman data tsarin da kuma lambobin don nan take search na wabtansu.

Dokokin selection hanyoyin

The sama rarrabuwa da aka dauke. Mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar da ake amfani a warware m matsaloli, wanda aka sani a gaba da nesa aiki \ rho (x, x '). A kwatanta abubuwa Tazarar vectors amfani da Euclidean awo. Wannan zabi yana da wani musamman gaskata, amma unshi da ji na duk alamun "a cikin wannan sikelin." Idan wannan factor ba ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi, sa'an nan da awo zai fi yawa fasalin da ciwon mafi girma Tazarar dabi'u.

Idan akwai wani gwaji adadin fasali, Ana kirga nesa a matsayin Naira Miliyan Xari da sabawa a kan takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka bayyana tsanani matsalar girma.

A high girma sarari m daga juna so dukan abubuwa. Qarshe, wani samfurin zai zama kusa da abu ana karatu k makwabta. zaba a kananan yawan m fasali domin kawar da wannan matsala. Algorithms for kirga kiyasta gina a kan tushen da daban-daban sets, daga ãyõyin mu'ujizõji, kuma ga kowane mutum gina su kusanci aiki.

ƙarshe

Ilmin Lissafi lissafin sau da yawa ya unsa da amfani da wata dama da dabaru da cewa suna da nasu rarrabe halaye, amfani ko rashin amfani. An sano mafi kusa makwabcin Hanyar iya warware quite wata babbar matsala, saboda da halaye na ilmin lissafi abubuwa. A gwaji ra'ayi, dangane da bincikar Hanyar da ake rayayye amfani da wucin gadi m.

A gwani tsarin shi wajibi ne ba kawai don rarraba abubuwa, amma kuma nuna mai amfani da wani bayani na rarrabuwa a tambaya. A wannan hanya, wani bayani daga wannan sabon abu ne da aka bayyana a dangane da abu na musamman aji da kuma ta wuri dangi da samfurin amfani. Legal masana'antu kwararru, geologists, likitoci, kai wannan "m" dabaru rayayye amfani da shi a cikin su gudanar da bincike.

Domin a bincikar Hanyar ya fi abin dogara, m, ba da so da sakamakon, dole ne ka dauki wani m adadi k, yayin da kuma kauce wa watsi a cikin bincikar abubuwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yin amfani da matsayin da zabin hanya, kazalika da ingantawa awo.