Numismatics: Tsoho da kuma Roman tsabar kudi

Passion for numismatics ne quite rare wadannan kwanaki. Haraji kira daban-daban dalilai su sha ga tsoho tsabar kudi: shi ne su tarihi darajar, kuma nostalgia for baya, da kuma yaranta mafarki na m taskõkin. Irin wadannan mutane ne musamman sha'awar a zamanin d tsabar kudi, domin su ajiye hoton ba kawai daga cikin shugabanni, amma na dukan yanayi dazamani, manyan abubuwa, kuma su bambancin yana daukan hankali.

A kadan tarihi

Coins aka farko kerarre a kasar Sin da kuma Indiya a farkon na XII karni. BC. e. Amma da yawa daga cikin banknote ba ya je bayan wadannan kasashe. Da yawa daga baya Helenawa fara Mint azurfa da tsabar kudi. Kuma suka fara musanya da kuma sayar da amfani da abin hawa, bugawa ta farko a gabas ta tsakiya, da kuma daga can yada a kewaye ƙasashe.

Wannan monetary tsarin da aka kiyaye da kara. Tsabar kudi na Roman Empire maye gurbin da Girkanci, aiki a matsayin wani abin koyi ga halittarsu. A heyday Ancient Roma da aka misali daga cikin mafi girma wayewa. Tare da rushewar ta mutane jiran komawa da baya, t. Don. A da yawa nasarori da aka manta ga ƙarni. A dogon lokacin da tsabar kudi na zamanin d Romawa sun misali monetary tsarin abubuwa a Turai da kuma Asiya, kazalika da suke a gabãninsu, sanya Helenawa.

tsoho tsabar kudi

A wani kunkuntar ji, wannan category hada kawai banknotes Ancient Roma. Duk da haka, a gaskiya shi ne ba. Yana hada tsabar kudi na duk mutãnen farkon, ciki har da Persian, Isra'ila (Yahudawa) da kuma Byzantine. Banknotes na zamanin d lokaci aka minted daga daraja karafa: tagulla, tagulla, da na azurfa, da na zinariya. Abu dogara a kan darajar da tsabar kudin, saboda shi ne m da ta kudin zuwa gare su. Wannan mulki da aka lura da a kowane lokaci da kuma ta wanzu har ya zuwa yau. Ancient Roman tsabar kudi ado da like na mulki monarch. A da nauyi na garanti, da kudin kayyade shi. Tsoho tsabar kudi ne musamman bambancin, a matsayin sabon banknotes aka bayar tare da kowace m canji na m.

Da tagulla, da ƙarfe tsabar kudi

A monetary tsarin na zamanin d Roma muhimmanci rawa karafa kamar tagulla, da ƙarfe (wanda aka rabu amfani. Aurihalk). Shi ne saboda su, kuma minted kudin. A farko tsabar kudin da aka yi na tagulla. Ta nauyi a lokacin da aka daukar ozoji. Yana da aka jan ace wanda nauyi ne kamar yadda 12 ozoji (340g). Tsabar kudi sun fi karami da abũbuwan amfãni:

• Semis - 170 gr.
• Triens - 113 gr.
• Kvadrans - 85 gr.
• Sekstans - 56 gr.
• Oza da rabo ozoji, yin la'akari da bi sunan.

Sa'an nan, ya bayyana aurihalk karfe (tagulla) - mafi tsada fiye da tagulla, an gami da jan karfe da kuma tutiya. Daga wannan zamanin d Roman irin minted tsabar kudi a matsayin sesterce (27.28 g.), Dupondius (13.64 g.) Kuma ass (54.59 g.).

Zĩnãriya da azurfa,

Azurfa minted mãsu ƙaryatãwa, victoriatus, kuma quinarius sestertii. The most of su a fuska darajar (dinari) auna game 5 grams, kuma mafi karami - kadan fiye da daya gram. A sakamakon yin gyare-gyare 217 BC. e. su rage nauyi. Gold aureus aka halitta, kuma bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, na Constantine Na zo a cikin yin amfani da solidi, Semis da triens (sunayen ana shirya a saukowa domin na rating).

Yau, an zaci cewa asali naúrar na zamanin d coinage wani stater, ko drachma. Saboda haka, a cikin tsarin Aeginian minted azurfa staters (12-14,5 g) da kuma drachmas (irin tsoho Roman azurfa tsabar kudin yin la'akari, kamar rabin stater), da kuma Militas fokeyskoy kuma Persian - zinariya. Ya kamata a lura da cewa banknotes sanya tagulla ko jan karfe, kamar yadda lasafta ta wadannan raka'a. Wannan aiki shi ne musamman tartsatsi a cikin sau Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

jabu

Akwai iri biyu handicrafts. Sashe na daga cikin counterfeiters sun yi a lokacin, wasu kuwa zamani kofe. A wannan sashe, za mu mayar da hankali a kan karshen, da zaran sun rasa darajar a yau. Akwai hanyoyin da dama don kai-gwaji:

1. Don gane low quality-fakes isa ya duba hoton in da kasida. Yanzu da rikici Roman tsabar kudi sanya don yawon bude ido da kuma talakawa 'yan ƙasa, suka san kome ba game da numismatics. Saboda haka, kama da gaskensu wajen kaɗan.
2. Gwama data a cikin directory za a iya auna da kuma auna darajar. Idan Manuniya ba dakatar a cikin wani kayyade darajar, Tsayawa akan matsayin ne bayyananne.
3. A Roman sau da tsabar kudin da aka ba jefa kuma minted. Saboda haka sanya a kan kayayyakin zamani kudi iya zama ko da yaushe rarrabe.
4. Idan wani tsabar kudin ne ba exfoliation barbashi a kan surface - shi ne na gaske. Ƙirƙira wannan sakamako ne ba zai yiwu. Yana ne ya sa ta ciki lalata impurities.
5. A gaban hatimi haske kuma yayi magana a cikin ni'imar verifiable misali.
6. Ancient Roman tsabar kudi za a iya bari tare da wani hange. A high magnification zai zama a bayyane surface lalata halayyar ligatures cewa lokaci.
7. Kwatanta da asali ne mafi kyau Hanyar kwatanta buga da ta fi ƙanƙanta bayani.
8. Na bincike zai taimaka ƙayyade da abun da ke ciki na samfurin da ligatures. Idan sakamakon bincike na m misali da gaske ne wannan, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa tsabar kudi kasance a cikin wannan lokaci.

Hakika, jahilan mutane iya wuya rarrabe a karya ne. A wannan yanayin, da mafi kyaun bayani ne ya jũya zuwa wani gogaggen numismatist.