Ohm ta doka ga rufaffiyar kewaye

Duk wanda ya zabi gyara da kuma goyon baya na lantarki shigarwa na sana'a, sanannun sanarwa na malaman: "Ohm ta doka ga rufaffiyar kewaye kana bukatar ka sani. Ko tashi mai gidan a cikin dare, shi ne muhimmanci a iya zuwa kirkiro shi. Domin shi ne tushen duk lantarki aikin injiniya. " Lalle ne, tsari gano wani fitaccen Jamus likita Georgom Simonom Ohm, rinjayi m ci gaban da kimiyya na wutar lantarki.

A 1826 shekara, gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da ya yi nazarin nassi na lantarki ta hanyar da shugaba, Ohm saukar dangantaka ta kai tsaye tsakanin ikon halin yanzu kawota ga kewaye da samar da lantarki ƙarfin lantarki (ko da yake a wannan harka mafi daidai yi magana da electromotive karfi EMF) da kuma juriya da shugaba kanta. Dogara da aka ka'idantasu a sakamakon bayyana Ohm ta doka ga wata rufaffiyar kewaye. An muhimmanci alama: dacewar na gano muhimman hakkokin dokar yana aiki ne kawai in babu wani waje da damuwa da karfi. A wasu kalmomin, idan, misali, da shugaba ne a cikin wani alternating Magnetic filin, kai tsaye aikace-aikace na halitta ba zai yiwu ba.

Ohm da dokar ta ga rufaffiyar kewaye da aka gano a cikin nazarin daga cikin sauki makircinsu: wani ikon source (da ciwon emf) na biyu tashoshi da resistor ne conductors, a cikinta akwai wata directed motsi na na farko barbashi da cajin yan dako. Saboda haka, yanzu shi ne wani rabo daga electromotive karfi da jimlar juriya da kewaye:

I = E / R,

inda E - da electromotive karfi na da samar da lantarki, auna a volts. I - yanzu, a amperes. R - lantarki resistor, a ohms. Lura cewa Ohm ta doka ga wata rufaffiyar kewaye daukan la'akari duk aka gyara na R. A lissafin kammala rufaffiyar kewaye da resistor R yi adadin resistivity shugaba (r), da ikon source (r0). Wannan shi ne:

I = E / (R + r + r0).

Idan da ciki juriya na tushen r0 fi yawanta R + r, na yanzu ba ya dogara ne a kan halaye na da alaka load. A wasu kalmomin, Madogararsa ƙarfin lantarki a cikin wannan yanayin ne a halin yanzu Madogararsa. Idan darajar r0 ne karami fiye R + r, na yanzu shi ne inversely na gwargwado ga duka waje juriya, da kuma ikon source ya haifar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki.

Lokacin da yin daidai lissafin la'akari har ma da irin ƙarfin lantarki asara a gidajen abinci. An electromotive karfi ne m da aunawa da yuwuwar bambanci fadin ikon tashoshi a katse kaya (bude kewaye).

Ohm ta doka ga subcircuit amfani daidai sau da yawa a matsayin rufaffiyar madauki. Bambanci ne da cewa lissafin ba la'akari da EMF, amma kawai m bambanci. Irin wannan mãkirci ne ake kira kama. A wannan yanayin akwai wani musamman hali, wanda damar yin lissafi da halaye na lantarki kewaye a kan kowane daga cikin abubuwa. Mun rubuta shi a cikin wani nau'i na dabara:

I = U / R;

inda U - ƙarfin lantarki ko yuwuwar bambanci a volts. An auna wani voltmeter alaka a layi daya zuwa cikin tashoshi da na yi bincike na wani kashi (juriya). A sakamakon U-darajar ne ko da yaushe kasa da EMF.

A gaskiya, shi ne wannan dabara ne ya fi shahara. Sanin kowane biyu aka gyara na da dabara, za ka iya samun uku. Lissafin lokuttan haihuwarka da abubuwa aiki ta hanyar da doka a cikin sarkar rabo.

Ohm ta doka ga wani Magnetic kewaye ne sun fi mayar kama da fassararsa na lantarki kewaye. Maimakon rufaffiyar Magnetic kewaye shugaba da ake amfani, tushen ne a nada Tuddan tare halin yanzu wucewa ta cikin windings. Haka kuma, akwai wani Magnetic juyi rufe a Magnetic kewaye. Magnetic juyi (F), zagawa da ta hanyar kai tsaye dogara da darajar MDS (magnetomotive karfi) da kuma juriya daga cikin kayan wucewa da Magnetic juyi:

F = F / Rm.

inda F - Magnetic juyi a Weber. F - MDS a amperes (wani lokacin Gilbert). Rm - juriya, haddasa attenuation.