"Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi sõyuwa": da asalin da ma'anar magana

Ta yaya sau da yawa, fadowa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani ra'ayi da kuma ra'ayin, mu rusuna wani dalĩli. Wani lokacin da ta faru, ya saba wa kowa hankali. Alal misali, iyaye ko da yaushe zaton su san abin da yake mafi kyau ga yaro. Wanda shi zama abokai, abin da ayukan hutu don zabi gane kansu a cikin wani sana'a. Kuma ko da sirri rai na yaro ya kamata a gina a kan umarni na manya. Kuma da gaske ne ko da yaushe dama, wadanda suka ba mu rai? Kuma za mu iya la'akari da shekaru da kuma kasashen waje kwarewa matuƙar gaskiya?

m magana

Domin irin haka ne, mafi dace lokaci, dogon da suka wuce ya zama winged. Yana sauti kamar haka: "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada." Kamar mafi yawan Jagora, wannan daya yana da asali tushen ma. A karshen XVI - farkon XVII karni can ya rayu a irin wannan shahara marubuci - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Kowa ya san shi funny da kuma manufa na gwarzo - Don Quixote de la Mancha. A kashi na biyu na da labari, a Babi na 51, mun haɗu da saba: "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada." Saboda haka shi ke inda harshen mu zo wannan magana! "Amicus Plato, sed ma GIS Amica beritas" - a Rasha aphorism kwafi a Latin. Me ya sa muke tuna game da shi? Just Cervantes matsahi na saba da magana da m talakawa da masu karatu. Amma ya kawai maimaita ta a cikin Spanish cewa da kyau kafin ya ce da farko.

Patrimony ...

Yanzu, wajen tunani gaba da sauri zuwa wani lokaci inji mafi daga baya a lokacin. IV karni BC, Ancient Girka, Velikiy Platon, ya makaranta na falsafa da kuma ayyukansu, wanda a wannan rana ba rasa su dacewar da ban sha'awa. A daya daga cikinsu - aiki "Phaedo" - Plato kwaso Socrates, wanda ya kasance wani almajiri na kansa, inda ya m gada da shawara kasa dubi kansa, kare ra'ayinsa. Gaskiya ne mafi dalĩli, Socrates jãyayya. Kuma marubucin na "Phaedo" gaba daya yarda. Saboda haka: "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada." Lura cewa Falsafa ba dalibai daidai saitin: ya kamata ka je karshen, idan ka yi imani da nasu dama, da kuma ba su da tunani game da ko wannan shi ne daidai da malaminsa ta ra'ayi.

Daga Plato zuwa Aristotle

A zamanin d Girkanci falsafa da tunani ya samar da dama 'yan baiwa. Ba shi yiwuwa ba tunawa daya more ƙwarai cikin wakilan - Aristotle. Wannan, ma, IV karni BC, kawai 'yan baya lokacin. Da ya rubuta mai zurfi da kuma tsanani aiki "Nicomachean xa'a". A da shi, Aristotle, ci gaba da tunani na malamansu (Socrates kuma Plato duk guda), ya rubuta cewa, ko ta yaya tsada abokansa, idan ka zabi tsakanin su da gaskiya, son ya kamata a ba duk da gaskiya. Ga wani dogon tarihi a cikin wannan bayani! Amma shi ne har yanzu ba karshen, kamar yadda da yawa tsoho marubuta yi imani da cewa asali Madogararsa dukan "cuku-boron" - Socrates, cewa sunansa aka ambata a cikin aphorism. Amma, kamar yadda muka kafa, shi zai zama daidai a faɗi haka ba, "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada!"

m zamanin

Saboda haka, muna da classic misali na ma'ana da al'adu paradox. Marubucin ya fara up a cikin axiom na haske, ya saba wa nasa. A cikin "total content" mai yawa irin wadannan maganganu shi ne tushen aka baya kõma sama. Alal misali, Martin Luther, basing addini da kuma falsafa postulates, ya ce kusan guda duniya dabara, sosai a kusa da gargajiya: "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi sõyuwa", kawai don ambaci mafi kuma Socrates da kuma cin volitional wajibi "ya kamata a fĩfĩta." The darajar da shi, ba shakka, m: wani shawarwari kamar yadda wani mai sulhu dole aiki daidai, kowa hankali, objectivity. Ko gaskiya. Wannan ta kamata magana da cikakkar darajar da samun gata duk na ra'ayin wani ra'ayi.

Bari mu bincika misalai

A wasu lokuta, duk da haka, ya dace don irin wannan magana? Kusan a duk, idan ya zo ga shawara mai muhimmanci na manufa kan wanda, misali, mai yiwuwa dogara da a kan rabo daga wani muhimmin bincike na kimiyya, warware doka al'amurran da suka shafi da sauransu. D. Ko ma wani sirri dangantaka. A labari Dudintsev "da fararen riguna," tattauna al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da sabon reshe na nazarin halittun - itatuwa aure. Za ka iya tambayar, me duk wannan shi ne har yanzu wannan aphorism: "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada?" Ma'ana shi ne kai tsaye alaka da rikici, ya bayyana a cikin aikin: wasu masana kimiyya tafi a kan game da hukuma hukumomi don yarda a kome da "Mutane na Academician» Townhouse (Lysenko samfur). Saboda sirri riba da iko, "erasure" ba kawai talented abokan aiki, amma frankly da Karyata zuba ƙarya m kimiyya ideas.

Wasu ba su ji tsoro su fito fili su yi yaƙi da wadannan reactionaries da timeservers da kuma kare gaskiya duk da kasada da suke fuskanta. Yana Dozhkin, Tsvyah, Strigalov, Heifetz. A karshen, misali, shi ne don haka gigice da yanayi na latent meanness da denunciations a cikin tawagar, cewa ko da yake akwai da yawa daga cikin abokai daga cikin masana kimiyya aiki a can, a shirye su bar ganuwar da institute, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru. "Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi sõyuwa" - ma'anar wannan sanarwa, ya tabbatar da kansa ayyuka. Kuma ba wai kawai shi ne shi! Na dozhkin da zarar girmamawa Ryadno a gaskiya masu sana'a, wani mutum mai girma hankali da kuma iyawa, wani masanin halitta da babban birnin kasar wasika. Koyo da cewa Academician kika aika sanya kansa binciken wasu, kuma su mawallafa persecutes da danniya su ma outraged kuma tsaye a kan gaskiya.

"Plato ne abokina, amma gaskiya ne mafi tsada" - wannan yana nufin wannan sanarwa ga shi? Yawa: Dozhkin kawo zuwa ƙarshe da hali na ci clandestine dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ya aka risking ransa, wucewa muhimmanci da bayanai Yammacin takwarorinsu, musamman isa saboda na Union. Kuma a sa'an nan, shekaru da yawa, har mutuwar Stalin da kuma gyaran da abokan aiki, wasu daga wanda suke matattu ko a kurkuku sansanonin, da suke zaune kusa a fake. Ga abin da zaman kansu, da na sadaka mutane ne son dauka da babba ga gaskiya!

Cancanta misali ya bamu adabi!