Prince Meshchersky. A tarihin

Mutu aboki na mawãƙi Gabriel Derzhavin, m Prince Meshchersky. A mawãƙi aka baqin ciki da ya tashi don haka da cewa mayar da martanin Ode. Duk da rashin odic size, da martaba muhimmi a cikin Genre, da tamanin da takwas layuka haka shãfe rai na karatu, wanda zai babu makawa fara neman bayanai game da wanda Prince Meshchersky da kuma abin da ya aka sani ga? Sai dai itace - kome ba. Mai talakawa mutane, ko da yake wakilin wani tsoho iyali. Prince Alexander, game da haka baƙin ciki Derzhavin ƙwarai zarce a daraja da zuriya - Vladimir, wanda ya rubuta a matsayin 'yar jarida, kuma aka buga da kuma edited "Citizen" mujallar. Amma Prince Vladimir fara wallafa a 1887, da kuma Derzhavin Ode "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" da aka rubuta a 1779, kusan shekara ɗari da suka wuce.

Ode

Mutuwa da kuma dawwama - biyu jigogi game da kowane lokaci intersects a Ode Derzhavina unprecedented gaskiya da kuma shigar azzakari cikin farji na lyrics - wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa wadannan ayoyi da sauri ya zama sananne da kuma ƙaunar da masu karatu. Wadannan Lines aza zurfin falsafa dangane da bai isa a kula mutum da sararin samaniya unknowable, a cikin wanda Prince Meshchersky da rai har yanzu. Yana yana ƙarfafa ga mai karatu abin da Derzhavin nuna bil'adama a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanayi, wanda shi ne na har abada, sabili da haka da mutane da wannan har abada, ko da yake kowane mutum rai ne haƙĩƙa guntun, mai shudewa da impermanent. Bayan duk, kowane mutum - mai daraja da bai isa a kula - dole ne ya mutu.

Genius Derzhavin gudanar ya hada rai da mutuwa a cikin m abin mamaki na farko da kuma ban tausayi da kwarewa na karshen, da kuma marigayin Prince Meshchersky tare da wani haske hannun mawãƙi ta rayuwa da aka taba wani maraba - haka warai da passionately empathized mawãƙi zuwa ga kusa aboki. Mutuwa m, m, shi ne sha'aninsu dabam da gaskiyar cewa dukan rai na gwarzo Lines Derzhavin Ode ya festive, cike da kyau da gamsuwa, alatu da kuma ni'ima. Don iyaka daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo da aka inganta da wannan adawa: a kan Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky ba zai yiwu ba don amsa da kalmar "otmuchilsya". Da kanta a rikicin da ke faruwa a cikin Ode, da rikici, kazalika da Dabarar tsarin, amfani da marubucin.

Muhimmi a cikin tsarin da Ode rikici take kaiwa zuwa wani fahimtar cewa harshen yanayin sararin samaniya shi ne saba da ba za a iya rage zuwa guda hadin kai na mutum da makoma. "Ina ne tebur da jita-jita - a akwatin gawa ta'allaka ..." - kwarai a cikin tsanani ayar. "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" - wani Ode wa goma sha ɗayan stanzas, inda kowane layi rayuwa kokarin tsayayya mutuwa.

'yan adawa

Takwas Lines kowane stanza na Ode dole bayyana adawa na rayuwa da mutuwa. An bayyana a matakai daban-daban shayari feed abu. Dimbin yawa kusa, yi ginin kalma, da sauti na rhythmic alamu canje-canje da sauransu. Derzhavin sosai wadatacce amfani en - poetic Misalin, wanda, a kan lokaci, da ya rigaya a cikin ayyukansu na mabiyansa ya dauki siffar kamar wani oxymoron. Yana da quite wuya en, amma kuma musamman ma'ana: "Matattu Rayukan" by litattafan Gogol, "The Living gawar" by Tolstoy, "Hot Snow" daga Bondarev - sunayen da kansu kai shubuha ta ji, motsin zuciyarmu, jihohi na hankali a cikin canja wurin wasu abubuwan.

Derzhavin shi ne ya kafa wannan yana nufin na magana a cikin wallafe-wallafen harshen. A wannan hanya don samun tare gaba daya m ma'ana - cewa shi ne wani oxymoron. Shubuha da kuma saba wa juna a dukkan - ba wai kawai a cikin kowane mutum yi, a cikin hali, amma kuma da dukan rai - daya daga kawai wani oxymoron, Saboda haka irin wannan babban mataki na gaskiyarsu a cikin Lines daga cikin Ode. A bincike na waka "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" a fili ya nuna wadanda ka'idojin, wanda zai to, za a ci gaba, mai ladabi, da kuma matsakaicin zai kara m nauyin da aiki. Alal misali, kalmar: "Allah yau da kuma gobe da kura." Wannan yana nufin wadannan: an haife mu ne zuwa ga mutuwa, da kuma tare da mutuwa da rayuwa m. Saboda haka babban shawara da kuma sautina sanya Derzhavins muhimmanci aiki a cikin wannan aiki.

Prince Alexander Meschersky

Ode, hada da Derzhavin kuma aka buga a asirce a cikin "St. Petersburg Gazette" a 1779, shi ne ya sanya wannan mutumin shahara. Sun Ivan Dmitriev ya burge tare da data kirtani cewa shakka so ya hadu da marubucin, kuma ba kawai shi. City da kuma daga baya buzzed kasar, raba babbar sha'awa. Ko Pushkin, bayan shekaru da dama da littafin da wannan aiki, aka sha'awar da hanyar da cewa epigraph zuwa Babi na "Dubrovsky" ya dauki Derzhavin line. Bayan duk, zai ze ba zai yiwu ba don bayyana tunani na rayuwa da mutuwa, kuma mafi musamman guntu. Dukan hoto na mutum kasancewar an fadada m iyaka. Layin epigrammatically runtume ba kai kusan kome ba game da lyrical zhizneopisatelnogo ba zato ba tsammani matacce gwarzo.

Dan alatu, mutane m da karfi kiwon lafiya. Abin da aka karin, da kuma mutuwarsa ya ga abokai, danginku, da idon sani. Oda ana rubuta a kan matukar muhimmanci a mutane akalla cewa ya yi shibtar dukan dokokin da classicism. Kuma a nan - aboki na mawãƙi ne. Talakawa mutum, kome daga cikin jimlar yawan fice Sahaban. Yana ba Suvorov, ba Potemkin, da kuma talakawa yarima. Me ya sa Derzhavin ta waka "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" da ke sa irin wannan m alama ba kawai a kan Sahaban, amma kuma a kan m zuriyarsa? Wannan ne ma wani sabon abu: a wancan lokacin, babu wanda ba a nuna don haka babban abin-iko da kuma kowa dokoki na duniya ta hanyar al'adar mutane yawanci.

Hoton na mutuwa

Mutuwa ta sallami Derzhavins a duk da m - Cikakken kuma m. Hoton da aka nuna a cikin kuzarin kawo cikas - da kuma consistently tura. Daga cizon haƙora kafin truncation QFontDatabase kwana na rayuwar mutum - a cikin na farko stanza. By hadiya dukan mulkokin da ruthlessly smashing kome a kusa da - a karo na biyu.

Bugu da ari ikon yinsa daukan sarari girma: makoki taurari, rana ke fita, duk halittu a hatsarin mutuwa. Ga akwai kuma wani "grounding" ba to tashi a cikin wannan sarari har abada. Derzhavin sauya karatu ta ganewa na rayuwa kadan izgili a zana: mutuwa stares, yãgaggun leɓɓa daga haƙõra, ga sarakuna, opulent, arziki, da alfahari a kan wayo - da kuma sa bãya, duk abin da aka wasa ruwa ya scythe.

keynotes

Tsabta a da rabo daga cikin stanza ba ya karya da labari smoothness. A yawan musamman m dabaru kafa wannan manufa Derzhavin da sabis. Stanza kamar kwarara cikin juna (dabara, amfani da farko sai da cikakken kuma a fili a Rasha adabi). Mayar da hankali da babban dabara a layi na karshe stanza, da mawãƙi mayar da ita a cikin ta farko line na gaba, sa'an nan tasowa, da kuma karfafa. Tunani da kuma hotunan da aka maimaita a ko'ina cikin rubutu, da ake kira leitmotif, sun dauki amfani Derzhavin. Ode "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" daidai saboda da kuma samun haka ramammu, kuma m aiki. Yana aiki a matsayin babban leitmotif na sha'aninsu dabam da kuma passionless mutuwa da kuma na wucewa, kamar mafarki, rayuwa.

tarin zahirin rubutu

Prince Meshchersk aka bai wa babban matsayin da, shahararren matsayi, kuma ya ba su zama sananne ga kome - ba a cikin soja, kuma bã da administrative kuma da m sashen. Wani mutum ba tare da wani iyawa, tare da m siffofin zalla Rasha liyãfa (wanda a ka'ida da nan kusan kowa da kowa). A farko sunan cewa ya ba da aikin Derzhavin, kuma ya aikata mayar da shi zuwa ga Genre na poetic saƙonni, amma ba su da canonical Ode: "By SV Perfilieva mutuwa Aleksandra Ivanovicha Mescherskogo". Duk da haka, da gaskiya pathos Ode, kara da tocsin kararrawa, ya ba da Genre akidar da farko stanza: "The fi'ili sau Metal jingle!".

Kuma a sa'an nan ya yi lumfashi tarin zahirin al'amurra. Da mutuwar kowa - ko da gaba daya ba a sani ba mutum ke sa bil'adama kadan kasa cika, kuma kowa da kowa, wanda yake zaune a little kasa cika. Mutuwar wani aboki ne da aka nuna a matsayin rayuwan taron a qarqashinsu m poetic ãyõyinSa. Magana game da mutuwar sarkin, Derzhavin baro-baro kwantanta shi tare da kansa. The hadin kai na kowane mutum ya yi duk Adam - a nan shi ne metaphysics wannan ra'ayin. A daidai wannan lokaci da Ode "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" ya ce 'yan adawa ga mutuwa, saboda kowane layi da shawara da tunani game da ma'anar musamman ga mutum a cikin general, da sararin samaniya, duk da ya intrepid dokokin.

na ginin jumla tsarin

Original metamorphosis jiran karatu a kowane ayar: da majagaba na Rasha shayari karo na farko gabatar a cikin adabi da wani sabon gaba daya category: high-low, har abada, kuma na boko, mai zaman kansa, general, m-kankare. Hakika, duk wannan da aka sani tun lokacin Aristotle. Amma Derzhavin wadannan Categories ne ba sauti kamar yardatayya shiga kira.

Odic, murna, ecstatic sauti sami mafi m ya postulates. 'yan adam da ma'anarta: kawai mutuwa ba tsammani mutuwa. Irin wannan oxymorons suna da yawa, kuma sun kasance duk a cikin wannan Ode ban tausayi domin suna jin Derzhavin. "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" - wani Ode, wanda ya sa mai karatu a fuskar mutuwa a matsayin kawai akai, tun wani mahaluži gobe ko wani shekara dubu, kamar yadda BAOBAB, har yanzu ya mutu.

gargadi ga mai karatu

The wanzuwar irin akai shi ne m da kawayeniya, saboda halicce kamar yadda bai sa hankali, kuma, saboda haka, jigon ba gaskiya ba ne, idan a nan gaba wani burbushi na shi bar. Derzhavin kara ma'ana a cikin rijiya-fed, amma mafi yawa m wanzuwar abokinsa, da Ode "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky."

Analysis na wannan samfurin da aka sanya ba kawai masana ilimin harsuna, amma kuma falsafa, wanda ake dangantawa da duk bayaninsa da model na sararin duniya, inda a can ne ba samoosnovannosti mutum kasancewa a matsayin bã tãre da hali beingness. Duk da haka, na ciki da kwarewa na mawãƙi shiga wata muhawara da inevitability, kamar yadda idan ya yi gargaɗi ga mai karatu cewa ya kasance a kan gefen rami, cewa canji sarkar ba katse, kome da kome za su shuɗe a cosmic asirai ba tare da wata 'yar alamar alama.

Wani Prince Meshchersky

Derzhavin to Prince Meshchersky Vladimir Pavlovich iya ba su da wani dangantaka, ko kakansa aka bayar an Ode zuwa mutuwarsa. Prince Alexander ya bayyana councilor, aiki a matsayin mai kwastan ofishin. Ya ƙaunar adabi da kuma St. Petersburg English jama'a (kulob din). Meshchersky zo haife na Tatar shugabannin goma sha uku karni, a cikin goma sha huɗu da ta goma sha biyar - mallakar Meshcherov, ciki har da mambobin halittar ake gwamnonin - da kuma regimental 'yan sanda. Wannan shi ne duk da cewa an san game da sarakunan Meshchersky, kome musamman. Amma a 1838, ya aka haife jikan Karamzin, Prince Vladimir Meshchersky, musamman ba a Derzhavinsk ga zama abin ƙyãma. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan haruffa karni na sha tara, Rasha ta jama'a rai, da hali, ba kawai hankali-hurawa jita-jita, amma kuma ribald barkwanci. Mutane da yawa aiki, da aka buga a mujallar (daga baya - jaridar) ya rubuta "Jawabin ra'ayin mazan jiya" da suke quite shahara daga Sahaban.

Mahaifinsa - Guard Laftanar Kanar Peter Meschersky, uwa - wa 'yarsa daga cikin shahararrun masana tarihi da kuma marubuci Nikolai Karamzin. Iyaye - abi'a kyau mutane, wayayyu kuma, da kuma wanda ya yi imani a cikin akida. A ɗansa, a kansa kalmomi, da da hali da kuma sharri, da kuma yanayi. Ina mafarki da feats a cikin sunan Mahaifa, mahaifiyata da kuma jima'i da hankali daga m maza. Literary hanyar da aka zaba su da ka. A shekarar 1981 ya bayyana sarki ya ziyarci Potemkin, da wanda ya kasance m. Ba da da ewa Prince Meshchersky aka sanya kyamara-Junkers. Kuma aikin ministan cikin gidan kasar, sa'an nan ya buɗe hanya zuwa generated a kusa da shahararrun kulob din. Kuma ya fara wani m hawan sarkin a cikin Elite Rasha statehood.

Mashawarcin sarki

Malami magaji - kirga Stroganov, Prince Meshchersky so, don haka zangon sadarwa na Prince located a altitudes sama da girgije - ya zama wani aminin Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (a nan a kewaye da wannan ma'ana, duk da hali zuwa nan gaba Rasha monarch). High Rayuwa da aka bai Vladimiru Mescherskomu ta ba da sauki kamar yadda alama: da Stroganov obzovot "bad kurtizanom" cewa a baya ma m mini raɗa da giggling. Duk da haka, da majalisar ba da shawara ga dukan magaji yanayi domin kansa Meschersky har yanzu zama. A Tsarevich ya daidaita rashin lafiya, da kuma Prince tare da shi don magani a Turai, ga wanda shugaban sashen harkokin Valuev kira shi "m a kotu."

Bayan rasuwar Nicholas (akwai magana na kunar bakin wake a kan filaye na liwadi) Meshcherskomu ba wani daga cikin Crown Prince, nan gaba - Alexander III, wanda lanci ji na sarki ta dan uwan. Wannan makala gaba monarch Meshchersky aka neutralized da shan wuta kanta, ga abin da na sarki iyali bar shi sosai gõde. By wannan lokaci da marubuci ya zama sosai itchy cũtar da yarima, kuma tare da taimakon da Crown Prince aka kafa a real tsattsauran autocracy - mujallar "Citizen". Saboda da kyau kwarai vospreemnikam kafa na mujallar kuma zauna a cikin mutane ta tunanin. Bayan ya ci gaba da aikin mutane kamar Dostoevsky, Tiutchev, Mike. Kuma ya Meschersky shafukan da "Citizen" damƙar yi yaƙi da wadanda mutane ilimi, gida allon, ta hanyar wani juri, a baƙauye kai gwamnati da kuma intelligentstvuyuschimi Yahudawa. "Prince Saduma da Gwamrata, da jama'a," a cewar Vladimir Solovyov.