Princess Anne Leopoldovna: a takaice biography, mulkin

A rabo daga wannan mace musamman mai ban tausayi. Jikanyar da Rasha Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna kawai ga wani taƙaitaccen lokaci ne ke mulkin jiha mafi girma a duniya - Rasha. Ta rasu a lokacin da ta kasance kawai shekara ashirin da bakwai, kuma na karshe ga gani ta idanu - wannan kunkuntar kadan taga da wani gidan, wanda ya zama wani kurkuku saboda shi, kuma kawai bayyane daga baya da girgije tsiri inhospitable arewacin sama. Wannan shi ne sakamakon wata fadar juyin mulki, wanda ke haifar da wata 'yar hau gadon sarautar Bitrus I - Elizaveta Petrovna.

The matasa John V gado

Kafin mu fara magana game da wanda Anna Leopoldovna a Rasha tarihi, shi ya kamata a bayyana abin da aboki shi yana zuwa Romanovs gidan. Sai dai itace cewa da ya fi kai tsaye. An sani cewa daga 1682 zuwa 1696 a lokacin da Rasha kursiyin zauna kawai biyu sarki - Bitrus I, da ɗan'uwansa Yahaya da V, wanda ya biyar da 'ya'ya mata: Mary, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya da kuma Anna. A karshen za a yi a 1730, da Empress kuma zai yi mulki shekara goma. Wani matar nan 'yar Yahaya V, Catherine, uwar da heroine na mu labarin - a nan gaba m, da regent Anne Leopoldovna, wanda ta haka ne yana da wani cikakken fledged wakilin mulki House of Romanov. Saboda haka, da danta Ivan da dukkan hakkokin da kursiyin.

Haife Anna Leopoldovna Disamba 18, 1718 a kananan Jamus garin Rostock. Mahaifinta ya Karl Leopold Duke na Mecklenburg-Schwerin, da kuma mahaifiyarta, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da Rasha czar Yahaya V 'yar, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. A nan gaba mai mulkin Rasha zo a lokacin da ta shafe shekaru hudu da haihuwa, kuma a nan ta yarda Orthodoxy. Mahaifiyarta ya ƙaunataccen 'yar wanda ya yi mulki a cikin shekaru na Empress Anny Ioannovny, kuma ta kula da ita tarbiyyar, assigning shi to daya daga cikin mafi shahararren Figures na Academy of Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Daga 1731, ya fara karatu, amma da suka dade kawai shekaru hudu, kamar yadda a 1735-th akwai wani romantic labarin cewa ƙare aiki.

Yankan ta sujada kuma auren dole

A babban birnin kasar na wani sabon daular Saxon wakilin zo - Count Moritz Carl Linar. Wannan dadi Turai kyau a wannan lokaci ya shekara talatin da uku, da kuma matasa Princess Anne Leopoldovna fadi cikin soyayya ba tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Rene ta Kondraty Ivanovich ya a san da karfi da gudummawar da ci gaban da labari. Ba da da ewa akwai jita-jita game da wani yiwu bikin aure. Amma matsala shi ne cewa Anna ya riga na aikin ango - Duke Anton Ulrich, wanda opted ga shi, shiryar da jama'a da sha'awa, da Empress. Koyo game da kai-nufin wani matashi lnsaf, Rasha autocrat ya yi fushi, kuma ya aiko da wani Manzo-ɓatacce ne, daga Rasha, da kuma mai accomplice na rikici - Kondrati Ivanovich - cire daga ofishin. Duk da haka, da al'amari ne ba a kan haka, amma wannan hira ci gaba.

Shekaru hudu bayan abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana ya faru da bikin aure Anny Leopoldovny da haka rashin kauna da ta saurayina - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke na Brunswick-Lüneburg. Bikin sadaukar da wannan taron, ya sãɓã, m ƙawa, kuma da aka gudanar a babban taro na mutane. A lokacin bikin aure rabuwar kalma ce Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - wani mutum wanda aka qaddara domin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin addini da kuma rayuwar siyasa na kasar a lokacin mulkin Elizabeth. A shekara daga baya, matasa biyu da wani ɗa, a Ivan Kwafa da baftisma.

A karshen zamanin Anny Ioannovny

Yana da aka 1740. A Rasha tarihi, ya samu dama da muhimmanci events, mafi muhimmanci daga abin da yake da mutuwar Empress Anny Ioannovny, wadda ta zo 17 (28) Oktoba. A nufinsa, ta ayyana magajin a kan karaga, da jariri dan Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, a regent a gare shi ya nada ya fi so Ernsta Ioganna Biron. Bayan kai da ya dace shekaru matasa magaji ya zama da Rasha tsars John VI.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a matsayin 'yar Tsar Ivan da V, wanda ya mutu Empress passionately ƙi ɗan'uwansa, Peter ni da dukan sojojin tsayayya wa, ga wani daga cikin' ya'yansa ya hau kan gadon sarautar. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne a nufinsa ya bayyana cewa, a cikin taron na mutuwa na magajin ga suna da hakkin ya kambi wuce gaba-tsofaffin yaro na ta fi so `yar - Anna Leopoldovna. Game da 'yan takara na post na regent ga qananan Sarkin sarakuna ta da wani shakka. Suka zama ta fi so dogon - Biron.

Amma rabo dã sun yanke shawarar in ba haka ba. A zahiri daga farkon zamanin mulkinsa ya fuskanci m 'yan adawa, harhada a kusa da iyaye na qananan magaji. Akwai ma wani ƙulli kifar da mutane suke so da cewa mutane a cikin wucin gadi ma'aikacin. A shugaban na intruders ya mijin Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Duk da haka, 'yan maƙarƙashiya suka bad, kuma nan da nan su nufi zama da aka sani zuwa ofishin shugaban sirrin A. I. Ushakovu. Wannan master Executioner wani mutum da isasshe sagacious da foreseeing wani yiwu juyin mulki, shi aka iyakance da cewa kawai ƙa'ida "suka kwaɓe" yan maƙarƙashiya.

hambararren wucin gadi ma'aikacin

Duk da haka, Biron ta sarautar aka wanzuwa. A cikin dare na Nuwamba 9, 1740 a cikin gida mai dakuna, inda ya huta lumana regent da matarsa, da ƙofar bude abruptly. Ya shiga wani rukuni da sojoji, a karkashin jagorancin Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, wani maƙiyi ne na Biron da kuma goyon bayan Anna Leopoldovna. Tsohon duk-m fi so, gani hada, na lura cewa, wannan shi ne karshen, kuma ba mallakan wani tsõro a kansu, crawled a ƙarƙashin gado, kasancewa tabbata cewa, za a kashe. Duk da haka, ya kasance ba daidai ba. Regent sa a cikin sleigh da kuma dauka zuwa Birgediya.

Ba da da ewa bi ta kotu a wadda Biron da ake zargi da daban-daban laifuka. Hakika, mafi yawansu aka ƙirƙira. The hukunci ne Mafi m tare da ruhun da lokaci - quartering. Duk da haka, a lokacin da matalauta mutum farfado, ya ji cewa ya sanar da wani yãfe, kuma azãba da aka maye gurbinsu da wani tunani zuwa Pelym located dubu uku mil daga St. Petersburg. Amma a zamanin mulkin Empress Elizabeth masoyi Madam canjawa wuri shi zuwa Yaroslavl, da kuma ƙarshe haddasa Biron Peter III a babban birnin kasar, ya ba shi baya duk da lambar yabo da insignia. A 'yan more shekaru, Catherine II mayar da tsohon regent na da hakkoki a kan mallakar shi sau daya cikin Duchy na Courland.

The zuwa ga ikon da zargin wani hatsari fi so

Saboda haka, da ya ƙi wucin gadi ma'aikacin da aka fitar daga fadar, da kuma jihar kwamitin da aka dauka a kan ta da kambi yarima mahaifiyar. Regent ya Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs gudanar da irin Sarkin Yahaya V line, dan lokaci bayyana a saman gwamnati na Rasha. A farkon da na gaba 1741 a cikin matasa mace ta rayuwa ya kasance wani m aukuwa: a Petersburg zo sababbin nada Saxon wakilin Carl Linar - ta haihuwa da kuma ba da lokaci zuwa kwantar da soyayya. Nan da nan soma Anna Leopoldovna, sai nan da nan ya zama ta fi so.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin da aka yi aure, sa'an nan da dangantaka da suka kamata dole cika da wasu matsayin. Linar zauna a wani gidan kusa da Summer Aljanna, inda a wancan lokacin ya rayu a cikin Summer Palace, Anna. Don tabbatar da wani isasshen uzuri ga gabansa a fādar, ta nada ta lover oberkamergerom. Ba da da ewa da mafi rahama da aka yada zuwa wurin da cewa da aka fi so aka bayar biyu saman Rasha umarni - Andreya Pervozvannogo da Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ga wanda ya samu su isa yabo, da kotu iya kawai tsammani.

Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Anna Leopoldovna yarda da ita lover shiga tsakani a cikin wani tsanani jihar harkokin da bai yi wani yanke shawara ba tare da tuntubar da shi. Lokacin da ta connivance Linar zama wani mažalli adadi a yaki da kotun jam'iyyar, okin ya unsa Rasha a yakin da Austria jere. A waɗannan shekaru, da dama kasashen Turai da kokarin, furta shege nufin Austria Sarkin sarakuna Charles VI na, ka mallaki dukiya daga gidan Habsburg a Turai. Wannan hali na Saxon manzon sa damunsu tsakanin manyan jami'an, wanda ya ji tsõron zargin wani sabon fuskarsa da Biron.

Rabuwa da Linar

Domin ko ta yaya ɓadda kama rungumi dabi'ar rigima bond yawa, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, bayan duk) ya je da abin zamba, wanda, duk da haka, ba wanda zai iya zama m. Alal misali, shi ne lokacin rani na 1741 Linara hoops tare da gidansa-baranya na girmamawa da kuma mafi kusa aboki na Baroness Juliana Mengden. Amma, zama ango, ya, duk da haka, ba a hukumance shigar da Rasha sabis, kamar yadda batutuwa zauna Saxony. Don samun zama dole yarda, a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara Linar tafi Dresden.

Kafin barin, shi mutum ne daga hangen nesa, Anna Leopoldovna yi gargadin da wani yiwu yunkurin kama da ikon da magoya bayan Bitrus I 'yar Elizabeth. Duk da haka, ya je koma nan da nan kuma dauki kome a ƙarƙashin ikon. A rabuwar, ba su san cewa suna cewa ban kwana har abada. Lokacin da ya samu da ake so izni daga gwamnatin Saxony, Linar a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara, ya koma zuwa St. Petersburg, sa'an nan a cikin Königsberg ya aka jiran labarai na kama Anny Leopoldovny da Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth. Ya m fargabar zo gaskiya ...

'Yar Peter shugaban Guard

Juyin mulki ya faru ne a cikin dare na Nuwamba 25 (Disamba 6) a 1741. A wannan lokacin, da babban siyasa karfi da aka kafa ta Peter Mai girma Guard. Iya wanzar da dethrone shi, ta ya riga ya ji ta karfi a watan Fabrairu 1725. Sa'an nan a ta bayonets zo iko, da gwauruwa ta gaske, Bitrus I - Catherine I. Kuma a yanzu, amfani da gaskiyar cewa Anna Leopoldovna, wanda taso tartsatsi rashin biyan bukata da mulki, rashin sanin cikakken farashi da ikon da Guard, Elizabeth gudanar ya jawo hankalin su ta gefen located in St. Petersburg Preobrazhensky rajimanti.

A shaidawa kotu cewa Lalo dare domin Rasha m 31-shekara kyakkyawa Elizaveta Petrovna, tare da mutum ɗari uku da takwas grenadiers bayyana a cikin Winter Palace. Ba tare da gamuwa da juriya a ko'ina, da suka isa gida mai dakuna, inda ya huta lumana Anna Leopoldovna da kuma mijinta. Firgita regent aka sanar game da kifar da kuma kama. The shaidu na wannan scene daga baya ya shaida cewa Elizabeth dauki a hannuwan ne a cikin wannan dakin da kuma tada kwatsam amo-shekara magaji a kan karaga, ya sanya waswãsi da taushi: "The m yaro." Ta san in ji ta.

Hanyar Cross jiya m

Saboda haka, Brunswick iyali da aka kama, ciki har da Anna Leopoldovna. Empress Elizabeth ya ba da wani m mutum. An sani cewa a cikin farkon ta kasance har su aika da fursunoni zuwa Turai da kuma iyakance - don haka, a kalla, da aka ce a cikin manifesto, wanda ta ayyana kanta Empress. Soke sarauniya Anna Leopoldovna tare da iyali da aka dan lokaci aika zuwa Riga Castle, inda ya shafe shekara guda a jira na yi muku wa'adi da 'yanci. Amma ba zato ba tsammani wani sabon Winter Palace uwar gida da tsare-tsaren canza. Gaskiyar cewa St. Petersburg da aka gano a ƙulli, wanda burin da aka kifar Elizabeth da kuma saki na istinbadi magājin Ivan Antonovich.

Yana ta bayyana cewa iyali na Brunswick zai ci gaba da flag duk yiwu maƙarƙashiya, game da shi, inda kodayaushe wani hadari. A rabo Anny Leopoldovny aka warware. A 1742, da fursunoni da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Dünamünde kagara (kusa Riga), kuma bayan shekaru biyu a Renenburgskuyu sansanin soja, wanda ya a lardin Ryazan. Amma ko da a nan ba su zauna dogon. Bayan 'yan watanni zo qarshe umurnin shiryar da su zuwa Arkhangelsk domin kara kurkuku, cikin Solovetsky sufi. A cikin kaka laƙa, a zuba ruwan sama, Anna Leopoldovna kuma ta tir iyali da aka aiko zuwa arewa.

Amma a wannan shekara farkon frosts da kuma kankara ridges cire wani yiwuwar tsallaka zuwa Solovki. A fursunoni da aka housed a Kholmogory, a cikin gidan na gida bishop, kuma vigilantly tsararre, kawar da duk wani yiwuwar sadarwa tare da waje duniya. Ga su kawai har abada tare da dansa da kuma magajin. Ivan Antonovich ware daga gare su, kuma sanya shi a cikin wani bangare na ginin, kuma daga baya da iyaye ba game da shi wani labari. Domin mafi girma halin asiri qananan ex-Sarkin sarakuna ya yi umurni da kiran wani ƙarya sunan Gregory.

Mutuwa, kuma mubaya'a karrama

'Yan shekarun nan, cike da baƙin ciki kuma ordeals, gurgunta da kiwon lafiya na mata matasa. Tsohon regent da mulkin Rasha tare da cikakken iko, ya mutu a kurkuku 8 (19) a cikin Maris 1746. The na aikin da ke kisa da aka sanar puerperal zazzabi, ko kamar yadda suka faɗa, a cikin tsohon kwana, "ognevitsa". Duk da yake karkashin kama shi, amma ba razluchonnaya tare da mijinta, Anna haifi hudu sau fiye da yara, da cikakken bayani game da abin da ba na tsira.

Duk da haka, da labarin Anny Leopoldovny ba ƙare. Ta jiki da aka hawa zuwa babban birnin kasar da kuma da tsananin solemnity binne shi a necropolis na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Jana'izar da aka gudanar bisa ga dokoki da doka da dokoki na jana'izar mutane na da mulki gidan. Tun daga nan, da hukuma jerin jihohin da Rasha shugabanni dole ambata da kuma Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov ko da yaushe kishi na veneration na tunawa da 'yan iyalinsa, har ma da wadanda for wanda mutuwa kasance kansu sun shiga.

"Iron Mask" Rasha tarihi

Musamman ban tausayi ãƙibar Ivan - magajin sarautar, wanda haifi Anna Leopoldovna. Bio shi ya ci gaba a cikin irin wannan hanyar da ba Yunƙurin masana tarihi kira shi Rasha daya "Iron mask". Nan da nan bayan fadawar ikon da Elizabeth ya dauka duk yiwu matakai don tabbatar da cewa sunan magaji zuwa kursiyin hambararren shi aka manta. Kãma su daga wurare dabam dabam a tsabar kudin da siffarta, suka hallakar da takardun da suka ambaci sunansa, kuma a karkashin azãba mai azãba mai tsanani dakatar da wani tunanin da shi.

Elizaveta Petrovna, kwace mulki ta hanyar wani fada juyin mulki, tsoron da yiwuwar ya zama wanda aka azabtar da sosai gaba mãkirci. A saboda wannan dalili, a 1756, ta ya yi umurni da sadar da goma sha biyar-shekara fursuna a Schlisselburg sansanin soja da kuma dauke da hatsari a Kadaitaccen kurkuku. Akwai yaron da aka hana har ma da sabon sunan Gregory da ake magana a kai ne kawai a matsayin "wani sananne fursuna." Tsananin haramta ta lamba tare da kewaye. Wannan umurni ne don haka tsananin lura cewa a duk shekara na kurkuku, da fursuna taba ganin wani mutum fuska. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a kan lokaci da ya nuna alamun shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya.

Top ziyartar wani fursuna da kuma wani wuri mutuwa

Lokacin da ya maye gurbin Elizabeth zo da sabon empress, Catherine II, da kuma kwace mulki tare da goyon bayan da Guard, ta yana yin mulkinsa mafi girma halaccinta, ya yi tsammani game da yiwuwar aure to wanda ya kasance a cikin sansanin soja na da rightful magaji zuwa Ivan. Don wannan karshen, ta ziyarce shi a Shlisselburgsky kurkuku. Duk da haka, domin sun ga abin da mataki na jiki da hankali da tabarbarewar ya kai shekaru na Kadaitaccen kurkuku, Ivan, ta lura cewa, wani aure da shi zai iya zama babu tambaya. Af, da Empress ce cewa fursuna sane masa sarauta da asalin, cewa shi ilimi da kuma so ya kawo karshen rayuwa a cikin wani sufi.

Catherine II ta sarautar ya da nisa daga saukin ganewa, da kuma lokacin da ya tsaya a cikin sansanin soja na Ivan da yawa yunkurin juyin mulki, da nufin kiwon shi a kan karaga. Don tsayar da su, da Empress umurce su da su nan da nan kashe da sarƙa, idan akwai wani real barazana ga ya saki. Kuma a 1764, wannan lamarin ya ci gaba. Wani hadin kai samo asali a cikin sahu na ƙungiyar sojojin sansanin soja Shlisselburg. Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin Laftanal V. Ya Mirovich. Duk da haka, da ciki tsaro na casemates cika ta wajibi: Ivan Antonovich da wuka, su da bayonets. Mutuwa katse masa takaice da kuma ban tausayi rai na 5 (16) a watan Yuli 1764.

Kamar wancan ƙare da rayuwar wadannan zuriya daga cikin mulki House of Romanov - istinbadi magaji a kan karaga, John VI da kuma mahaifiyarsa Anna Leopoldovna, a takaice biography wanda aiki a matsayin jigo na mu hira. Kayya dukan sarakuna na Rasha da aka ƙaddara mutuwa a halitta mutuwa. M, zũciyõyinsu, ikon gwagwarmaya wani lokacin zuba a cikin wani bala'i kamar wanda a kan wanda muna yanzu ya tuna. A zamanin mulkin Anna Leopoldovna shiga tarihi na Rasha a matsayin wani ɓangare na zamani, ake magana a kai a matsayin "Age na fi so."