Punching gwajin gona. Engineering da kuma binciken yanki na yi

A kan aiwatar da shiri da kuma aiki na gine-gine ƙasa nakasawa, wanda zai iya haifar da shrinkage na sabuwar gina gine-gine. Wannan sabon abu ne sosai m, saboda shi ya razana bayyanar fasa ko gini yi. Saboda haka, zai kawo kafar ungulu ya kara aiki. Amma yana yiwuwa yin lissafi da shrinkage rabo, da tanadi iyaka nakasawa daga cikin tsarin da wani tushe. Domin wannan kuma za'ayi gwaje-gwaje stamping filaye.

A yanayi da fasali na hanyar

Tabbatar da dalilin da nakasawa Properties na ƙasa ne, a yadda behaves a karkashin manyan canzawa lodi. Suna bukatar su sani domin hasashen da kara compaction ko subsidence. Wannan hulda da dukan tawagar kwararru.

hatimi gwaji hanyar bada sosai m sakamakon, shi ne saboda haka daya daga cikin key tare da wani geotechnical iri aiki. Musamman ma idan kana shirin gina karkashin kasa da wuraren ko skyscrapers. Daidaiton da gwajin data aka kayyade Gost.

A Hanyar kunshi a hankali a hankali danniya wuya kan sarki, saka a cikin ƙasa. Tare da taimakon musamman na'urorin, kula load a kan su, kuma shrinkage aka ƙaddara. Dangane da shrinkage na hatimi ne dabara da nakasawa Properties na gona.

kan sarki Test da gabansa

A bambanci ga gabansa hanya, stamping gona gwaje-gwaje na bukatar karin nagartaccen kayan aiki da kuma daban-daban mawuyaci. Dole kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki, yawanci ƙato da kuma da babba nauyi. Bugu da kari, kafin fara aikin dole shirya da ƙasa ga gwaji. A lokaci factor ma yana da muhimmanci: domin bincika yanayin ƙasa shrinkage, bukatar dogon lokaci. Add to wannan hadaddun lissafi dabara bukata musamman data, kamar Poisson ta rabo a gona.

Shi ya sa wannan hanya ba a yi amfani a farkon geotechnical karatu, kuma a mataki na ƙarshe na duk aiki a lokacin da aka zaɓa wuri domin gina da kuma girma na Tsarin aka tsara. Yana da muhimmanci a san iyakar pre-load a ƙasa matakin da yin lissafi da ma'aunan kasa fasali na site ci gaba. Kuma ma kula da lissafi na da irin da kuma zurfin kafuwar ta alamomin. Duk da dokokin kafa fitar a cikin dacewa sakin layi na Standard.

Mutu girma da tasiri a kan nakasawa

A 1930 an bayyana cewa girman da hatimi amfani sun fi mayar da musababin mataki na nakasawa da wani irin na gona. A sakamakon bincike Danna square hatimi a kan lãka da yashi da aka kafa ban sha'awa bayani. Shrinkage ba canza a karkashin yanayin misali size hatimi :. Da wani gefe daga 18 zuwa 30 cm idan ta girma ƙwarai karkacewa daga wadannan yawa, sama ko ƙasa, ta ƙara shrinkage siga.

A sakamakon haka, Soviet geologists misali mutu girma dabam da aka lasafta, wanda shekaru da yawa da aka yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje. Wannan lebur, zagaye da wuya hatimi da wani yanki na 2.5, 5, da kuma dubu 10 square santimita. Idan kana bukatar ka yi amfani da kananan hatimi, da wani yanki na kawai dubu cm ^2, ta yanki kara zuwa m da amfani musamman zobba. Duk da haka, kananan kan sarki da ake amfani ne kawai a musamman yankunan, yafi a daga na'ura rijiyoyin.

Shawarar size

A nan ne kan sarki bada shawarar, dangane da yawa da kuma irin gona:

• Clay, yashi, sako-sako da ƙasa kuma krupnoobmolochnye da matsakaici yawa -. Hatuma na 5 dubu ^cm2 da diamita na 80 cm Il factor a cikin wadannan kasa ne fiye 0.25 ..
• Clay da yashi kasa yin amfani mutu tare da wani yanki rabin diamita har zuwa 57 cm. Il coefficient da kasa da 0.25.

Features deformability

Ƙayyade da ake bukata sharudda na ƙasa na iya zama ta amfani da musamman kayan aiki - pressuremeter. Wannan shi ake amfani a cikin filin na mutu gwaje-gwaje. Wannan kayan aiki da damar bayyana da yawa halaye na kasa a kan tushen da su irin.

Domin yashi, lãka, Organic ƙasa ko gona krupnoobmolochnogo ayyana nakasawa a koyaushe. Clay kasa da wani babban alama na subsidence gwada na farko subsidence matsa lamba coefficient da kuma zumunta nakasawa.

A dabara ta amfani da Poisson rabo

Lissafi na ƙasa da juriya a kan sakamakon mutu gwaji ne m wani musamman dabara. Yana amfani da farashi na musamman, shi ne domin kowane irin. Shi ne ake kira Poisson ta rabo da nawa to da wadannan dabi'u na daban-daban breeds:

• Rocky ƙasa - 0,15.
• Poluskalnyh - 0.25.
• Krupnoobmolochny - 0,27.
• Sand - 0.3.
• Baƙin yumɓu - 0,35.
• Clay - 0,42.

Poisson ta rabo a gona, da hannu a cikin dabara domin kirga da modulus na nakasawa. Amma, ko da kuwa da irin da kuma daidaito na kayan aiki amfani, da darajar da wannan a koyaushe za a iya lasafta kawai a kan mike sashe. Bayan duk, da hali na gona compressibility sigogi da bukatar da za a gano, ba kokari ne. Saboda haka, yana da dama a karkashin ka'idar linearly deformable jikinsu.

Duk da haka, da modulus ne m, saboda haka, sanin da shi, kazalika da abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin da ƙasa, yin lissafi da matakin na shrinkage na yi ba zai zama wani ƙunci.

Bugu da kari ga zuriya module, punching ƙasa gwaji iya sanin subsidence lokacin da wetted da kuma karkashin wani kaya, bayyanãwa da har na m canji da kuma hango ko hasashen yanayin da nakasawa danniya a lokacin aiki.

Matakai na gona shrinkage

A lokacin shrinkage na kafuwar gona karkashin matsin lamba, wanda aka kera ta hanyar mutu, ware wasu kari matakai.

• Seal. Share fage da matsa, wanda rage porosity halaye.
• Shift. A ƙasa ne a cikin iyaka ma'auni, amma tare da mahara canjawa a kan gefuna da tushe.
• Halakar, gaba daya, ko kuma partially. A gefen bangon na kasar gona fara karya saukar, wadda take kaiwa zuwa m nakasawa Tsarin. A mãkirci na ƙasa ne gudun hijira tare da hatimi, da kuma a kan sãsanninta auku riser ƙasa kankara. Idan load a ƙasa a wannan mataki ƙaruwa, ko da dan kadan, da matakin da iri da aka girma cikin sauri.

Wasu masu binciken sun ware kawai matakai biyu na shrinkage, ba tare da wani sarari rabuwa. Duk da haka, fasahar zamani nisa gaba, a yau zaka iya kama har ma da karami canje-canje a cikin ƙasa tsarin.

Kam da aiki na samu data

Duk wani aikin injiniya-ma'aunan kasa safiyo ga yi suna taimaka journaling, wanda ya rubuta wannan zama dole data. A nan ne adadin shrinkage na mutu a karkashin load. Processing data, dangane da irin kayan aiki amfani, za a iya za'ayi da hannu ko ta hanyar musamman na'urorin.

Lokacin da gwajin ne cikakke, data da aka sarrafa takardun. Bisa ga sakamakon da aka harhada graphics, wanda za a iya gano wa karin dogaro da juna na matsa lamba da kuma mutu shrinkage.

Nuances na aiki da kuma kiyaye

Akwai wasu gazawa a cikin adadin nasu shigarwa da kuma borehole diamita, kayyade Gost. Bugu da kari, yana da muhimmanci wajen saka idanu da matakin na da kyau verticality. A lokacin aikin bangon gyarawa da casing.

Kafin installing hatimi kashe suna tsabtace da taimakon musamman kayan aiki. A kasa to, ya zama smoother. Idan daidai lebur surface ba za a iya cimma, da yashi an sanya 2-5 cm m matashin kai a kan shi, dangane da ƙasa da irin.

Don dũka da mafi tam a lamba tare ƙasa iya, shi 'yan sau a kusa da crank aksali. Bayan shigarwa a hankali duba da mataki na horizontality, sa'an nan ciyar da sauran shigarwa kayan aiki.

Da aunawa da mataki na shrinkage ne da za'ayi tare da wani daidaito na ushirin wani millimeter. A lokacin farko hour bayan commencement na mutu ƙasa gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar a kowace 15 minutes for ji deflections. A karo na biyu hour - kowane awa daya da rabi, sa'an nan kuma a kowane awa daya har mataki na shrinkage ba stabilized.

A kai da m matsa lamba ishãra zuwa bayyanar fasa a kusa da mutuwa, ko heaving gona. A wannan gwajin ya kamata a katse.

Godiya ga zamani da fasaha, aikin injiniya-ma'aunan kasa safiyo ga yi za'ayi a kan wani irin gona, kazalika a kan shafukan da wani rikitaccen. Halatta gano flooded yankunan da ko da gagarumar-yiwuwa yankunan. Tare da hankali a kiyaye da fasaha da kuma riko da bukatun na Gost gwajin ne nasara.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a gudanar da wani punching ƙasa gwaji a kan waƙoƙi. Idan hakar gudanar a wuya, ko tsare sarari, masana amfani da musamman kayan aikin da augers.