Raka'a bayanai a cikin kwamfuta. A m bayanai naúrar

Our high-tech shekaru na da fasali. Tare da ci gaban wutar lantarki da kwakwalwa da mutane bude ban mamaki Skyline. Duk wani ban sha'awa labarai iya yanzu za a samu a cikin duniya cibiyar sadarwa for free, ba tare da barin gida. Wannan shi ne nasara a fasaha. Amma nawa data za a iya adana a kwamfuta memory, sarrafa da kuma daukar kwayar cutar a tsawon nisa? Abin da naúrar na bayanai a kwamfuta can? Kuma da yadda za a magance su? Yanzu ba kawai mutane kai tsaye da hannu a cikin rubuce-rubuce na kwamfuta shirye-shirye, amma kuma talakawa dalibai bukatar mu san amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi. Yana da dalilin da dukan kõme.

Definition na bayanai a kwamfuta kimiyya

Mun ayan zaton cewa bayanai - shi ke da ilmin da suka kawo mana. Amma a kwamfuta kimiyya da kwamfuta kimiyya, wannan kalma yana da dan kadan daban-daban definition. Wannan shi ne ainihin bangaren da duk kimiyya na lantarki kwakwalwa. Me bayyanannu? Saboda kwamfuta fasahar tafiyar matakai da bayanai, Stores da kuma na Magana mutane. A m naúrar na bayanai da aka lasafta a ragowa. Bayani adana a kwamfuta muddin mai amfani ba ya son ganin su.

Mun yi amfani da su yi tunanin cewa da bayanai - a naúrar na harshe. Haka ne, shi ne gaskiya, amma a cikin kwamfuta na amfani da wani daban-daban definition. Wannan bayani game da status, halaye da kuma sigogi na mu yanayi abubuwa. A fili yake cewa mafi mu koyi bayanai game da abu ko sabon abu, mafi mu gane cewa mu fahimtar su zullumi. Amma yanzu godiya ga wannan sararin adadin kaucewa free kuma da dama daga duk maki na duniya na kayan ya zama sauƙin koya, yin sabon abokai, aikin, shakata da kuma kawai shakata karanta littattafai ko kallon fina-finai.

Alphabetic al'amari girma bayanai aunawa

Bugun takardun ga aikin, articles a kan site da kuma shan ya sirri blog a kan Internet, ba mu yi tunani game da yadda musayar bayanai tsakanin mai amfani da kuma mafi da kwamfuta. Kamar yadda inji shi ne iya fahimta dokokin, a cikin abin da fom Stores duk fayiloli? A kwamfuta kimiyya, a matsayin naúrar na bayanai samu ragowa wanda za a iya adana binary code na zeros da su. Jigon da Tsarin Harafi Bayan m don auna rubutu haruffa ne a jerin haruffa. Amma ba daddaure Tsarin Harafi Bayan m tare da abun ciki na rubutu. Wadannan su ne gaba daya daban-daban abubuwa. A girma daga data ne na gwargwado ga yawan haruffa shiga. Wannan results a cikin wannan bayani alamar da nauyi na wani binary haruffa ne daidai da daya bit. Raka'a bayanai a cikin kwamfuta, akwai daban-daban, kazalika da wani sauran matakan. Bit - wannan shi ne mafi kankanta auna darajar.

A gwaji bangare na bayanai vyschityvaniya

Ji bayanai dogara ne a kan ka'idar yiwuwa. A wannan yanayin da muke la'akari da tambaya nawa bayanai da aka dauke a cikin wani mutum ya karbi sakon. A nan a cikin shakka ne Theorem na mai hankali lissafi. Don lissafi da ƙara na awo na kayan da ake dauka biyu daban-daban dabarbari dangane da yiwuwar wani taron. A lokaci guda zama guda naúrar na bayanai a kwamfuta kimiyya. Matsalar kirga yawan haruffa, da graphics a kan gudunmawata m ne yafi hadaddun fiye da Tsarin Harafi Bayan.

Iri bayanai matakai

Akwai uku main iri matakai Kanmu a cikin wani lantarki kwamfuta:

1. Bayani aiki. Ta yaya ne wannan tsari? Ta hanyar da kayayyakin aiki na data shigarwa, ko keyboard, Tantancewar linzamin kwamfuta, printer, ko wasu na'urar, da kwamfuta yi na'am da bayanai. Sa'an nan sabobin tuba su a cikin binary code, kuma ya rubuta wa rumbun kwamfutarka a ragowa, bytes, megabytes. Don fassara kowane bayanai raka'a da tebur a cikin kwamfuta, a kan abin da za ka iya lissafta nawa a daya megabyte bit, da kuma sa sauran canja wurin. The kwamfuta aikata duk abin da ta atomatik.
2. Adanar fayiloli da kuma bayanan a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. The kwamfuta ne iya haddace kome a binary form. Binary code kunshi zeros da su.
3. Daya daga cikin key matakai a cikin lantarki kwamfuta - watsa bayanai. Ta kuma yi a binary form. Amma a kan allo bayanai da aka nuna riga a cikin hali ko sauran saba for mu ji daga form.

Coding bayanai, da kuma ma'aunin ta ji

Naúrar samu bayanai ragowa, wanda shi ne sauki isa aiki, domin shi zai iya rike mai darajar 0 ko 1. Kamar yadda kwamfuta encodes saba gidan goma lambobi a cikin binary code? La'akari da kananan samfurin, wanda ya bayyana manufa na coding bayanai da kwakwalwa.

Yi tsammani muna da lambar a cikin saba ilimin lissafi - 233 . Don fassara shi a cikin binary, shi wajibi ne su raba ta 2, har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda shi ya zama karami fiye da divisor (a cikin yanayin - 2).

1. Samun rabo 233/2 = 116. Balance rubuta dabam, shi zai zama wani ɓangare na amsa na binary code. A cikin akwati yana 1.
2. Na biyu mataki shi ne ya zama 116/2 = 58. Saura daga cikin rabo - 0 - sake rubuta dabam.
3. 58/2 = 29 ba tare da wani saura. Kada ka manta rubuta saukar da sauran 0, saboda, tun rasa daya kawai kashi, ka samu wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban girma. Wannan code zai ci gaba da za a adana a kan kwamfutarka ta hard drive kuma shi ne mai ragowa - da ƙaramar naúrar na bayanai a cikin kwamfuta. 8 graders ne riga iya jimre da canja wurin da gidan goma lambobi a cikin binary irin lissafi, da kuma mataimakin versa.
4. 29/2 = 14 tare da saura 1. Ya kuma rubuta dabam a cikin riga samu binary lambobi.
5. 14/2 = 7. Saura daga cikin rabo ne 0.
6. A little more, da kuma binary code zai kasance a shirye. 7/2 = 3 tare da wani saura 1, wanda rikodi da kuma a nan gaba mayar da martani binary code.
7. 3/2 = 1 tare da wani saura 1. Wannan rikodin a mayar da martani ga raka'a biyu. Daya - kamar yadda saura, da sauran - kamar yadda na karshe saura a lambar da cewa ba raba su da 2.

Wajibi ne a tuna da cewa amsar da aka rubuta a baya domin. Da farko, samun binary yawan matakai na farko da zai zama na karshe lambobi na biyu - da penultimate, da sauransu. Our karshe amsar - 11101001 .

Wannan binary lambar da aka rubuta a cikin memory na kwamfuta da kuma adana a cikin wannan siffar, har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda mai amfani ba ya so ya kalle shi daga allon. Ragowa, bytes, megabytes, gigabytes - naúrar na bayanai a kwamfuta kimiyya. Yana da yake a wadannan dabi'u da kuma binary data adana a kwamfuta.

Baya fassarar lambobi daga binary zuwa gidan goma tsarin

Domin qaddamar da baya canja wuri na binary dabi'u a cikin gidan goma tsarin, ya zama dole a yi amfani da dabara. Ƙidaya yawan lambobi a cikin binary darajar fara daga 0. A cikin akwati 8, amma idan muka fara kirgawa daga sifili, to, shi ƙare da jerin lambar 7. Yanzu dole ne kowane lambar da code da aka yawaita da 2 ga ikon 7, 6, 5, ..., 0.

^{1 * 2 7 + 1 * 2} 6 + 1 * 2 5 + 0 * 2 4 + 1 * 2 3 + 0 * 2 2 + 0 * 2 1 + 1 * 2 0 = 233 . Wannan mu iri, wanda aka dauka kafin transfer a binary code.

Yanzu ka san jigon da bayanai shigar da sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar da m bayanai ajiya gwargwado.

A m naúrar na bayanai: Description

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mafi ƙasƙanci darajar da aka dauke su ji bayanai ragowa. Wannan kalma ne na Turanci asalin, ya fassara wannan na nufin "binary lambobi". Idan ka duba a wannan darajar, a daya bangaren, muna iya cewa wannan shi ne wani memory cell a cikin lantarki kwakwalwa, wanda aka adana a cikin nau'i na 0 ko 1. ragowa za a iya fassara a cikin bytes, megabytes, kuma ko da ya fi girma yawa na bayanai. Lantarki kwamfuta kanta tsunduma a irin wannan hanyoyin, a lokacin da tsare wani binary code a cikin memory daga cikin rumbun kwamfutarka.

Wasu masu amfani da kwamfuta iya so su da hannu da kuma sauri fassara matakan na dijital bayanai daga daya zuwa wani. Domin irin wannan dalilai, online calculators da aka ɓullo da, za su gudanar da wannan aiki na biyu, wanda hannu iya ciyar da yawa lokaci.

Raka'a bayanai kimiyya: wani tebur na dabi'u

Computers, flash tafiyarwa da kuma sauran ƙwaƙwalwar na'urorin da bayanai aiki bambanta da damar žwažwalwa, wanda aka kullum lasafta a gigabytes. Wajibi ne a dubi babban tebur dabi'u ganin comparability na daya bayanai naúrar a kwamfuta kimiyya a hawa domin daga na biyu.

Amfani da matsakaicin bayanai naúrar

A zamaninmu, da mudu na matsakaicin adadin bayanai, wanda aka kira yottabaytom, shirya amfani da National Security Agency domin adana duk audio da bidiyo data samu daga jama'a wurare inda video kyamarori da kuma Microphones. A wannan lokaci yottabayty - mafi girma a naúrar na bayanai a cikin kwamfuta. Wannan shi ne iyakar? Abu ne mai wuya cewa wani zai iya ba da wani cikakken amsar a yanzu.