Hudu gidajen zuciya ne halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe: misalai

Duniya tamu ne densely lugar dabbobi daban-daban azuzuwan, kungiyoyin da jinsunan. Masana kimiyya suna karatu sifa da aikin muhimmancin mutum gabobin. Game da abin da irin zuciya na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe, karanta labarin.

Kamar yadda zuciya na uku da bẽnãye ya zama yan hudu?

Vertabrate landfall saboda gaskiyar cewa su na huhu numfasawa suka fara samar maida. Sistem sakulasan ne sistem fara sake gina. Kifi, numfashi tare da gills, da da'irar jini wurare dabam dabam, da zuciya da aka hada da kawai biyu kyamarori. Ba za su iya rayuwa a kan ƙasar.

Uku- ko hudu gidajen zuciya ne terrestrial vertabrate. Suna halin gaban biyu dabam dabam. Su m mazauninsu - ƙasar. Jikin da uku da bẽnãye ne halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ko da yake a wasu jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe akwai bai cika ta rabon cikin kashi huɗu. A ci gaba da hudu gidajen zuciya a cikin tsarin juyin halitta ya faru ne a cikin layi daya a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye da kuma crocodiles.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Wadannan biyu azuzuwan dabbobi don biyu da kewayen filaye da jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma zuciya, kunsha na uku da bẽnãye. Daya kawai masu rarrafe yana da wani m, amma yana da hudu da bẽnãye, da zuciya. Wannan kada. Cikakken cardiac sashin jiki na farko ya bayyana a cikin m dabbobi masu shayarwa. A nan gaba, da zuciya tare da sun gaji tsarin da zuriyar dinosaur - da tsuntsãye. An gaji da kuma na zamani dabbobi masu shayarwa.

tsuntsãye

Shin hudu gidajen zuciya tsuntsaye. Birds bambanta cikakken dissociation zagayawa: ƙanana da manyan, kamar wani mutum, idan babu hadawa da jini - jijiya da kuma venous. A dama da hagu rabin jiki gaba daya rabu.

Tsuntsaye sun hudu gidajen zuciya, da tsarin da aka wakilta biyu atria da ventricles daga cikin wannan adadin. A ventricle sami deoxygenated jini daga dama atrium. Daga shi akwai sallama daga cikin huhu jijiya, wanda aka raba hagu da dama rassan. A sakamakon haka, da venous jini ne a cikin m huhu. A wannan lokaci da jini ne sauƙi oxidized da kuma shiga hagu atrium. Wannan shi ake kira da wurare dabam dabam na kananan da'irar.

A manyan da'irar jini wurare dabam dabam fãra daga hagu ventricle. Yana shũɗewa daga rai guda ganga, da ake kira mai dama aortic baka, wanda shi ne nan da nan nisa da tushe daga cikin zuciya na raba biyu innominate jijiya: hagu da dama. The sosai guda lakã faruwa a dama bronchus da wuri daga cikin filin ne a layi daya ga vertebral shafi a da damar da dorsal lakã. Kowane innominate jijiya ne zuwa kashi da carotid da subclavian. A farko ke da kai, da kuma na biyu sake raba kirji da kafada. Daga cikin dorsal lakã tashi da manyan jijiyoyi. Unmatched tsara don samar da ciki da kuma hanjinsu tare da jini, da kuma biyu - da Hind wata gabar jiki, pelvic gabobin da tsokoki na ciki bango.

Hudu-zuciya sun tsuntsu, shi ne halin a cewa motsi na jini tsuntsaye ne da za'ayi yafi ta hanyar tasoshin manyan girma, da kuma kawai karamin sashi na shi da ke shiga cikin koda capillaries. Birds bambanta a gaban babban zuciya tare da m cuts da kuma shigar da jikin kawai tsarki jijiya jini. Wannan yarda da count tsuntsaye dumin jiki dabbobi.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na dabbobi masu shayarwa

A dabbobi masu shayarwa, hudu-gidajen zuciya na wani mutum, ko tsuntsaye. Its samuwar ne cikakken rabuwa da jini wurare dabam dabam da'irori sa da wajibcin ci gaba da irin wannan halaye kamar yadda dumi-bloodedness. Wannan bayani kamar haka: dumin jiki dabbobi suna da akai bukatar oxygen, wanda zai iya saduwa kawai tsarki jini na arteries da yawa oxygen. Samar da ita jiki ne kawai iya hudu gidajen zuciya. A gauraye jini na vertabrate, a cikin abin da zuciya yana da uku da bẽnãye, shi ne ba su iya ba da ake so yanayin jiki. Saboda haka, wadannan dabbobi suna kira banda kisan gillar.

Saboda da jini ba Mix cikakken partitions. Great da'irar wurare dabam dabam gudana kawai jijiya jini, wanda aka da ake so har kawota duk gabobin da dabba mai shayarwa, wanda taimaka bugun sama da metabolism. Wannan tsari ya taimaka don kula da akai zazzabi. Hudu gidajen zuciya ne dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, da sauran dabbobi azuzuwan, wanda yake da muhimmanci ga wani m da barga yanayin jiki. Yanzu yanayi yana da wani sakamako a kan su.

kadangaru

A gaskiya, da zuciya daga wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna uku da bẽnãye biyu atria da daya ventricle. Amma da manufa na aikinsa sa ya yiwu don tabbatar da cewa hudu gidajen zuciya ne kadangaru. A bayani na wannan sabon abu ne kamar haka. Venous rami mai cike da oxygen-matalauta jini, wanda shine tushen samun kudin shiga dama atrium. Jijiya jini da aka wadãtar da oxygen, da shi ake kawota daga m atrium.

Na huhu jijiya da kuma lakã, duka bayyana. Zai ze cewa jini dole ne sosai gauraye. Amma wannan ba ya faru, saboda kasancewar tsoka kada a tare da tare da biyu-lokaci raguwa a na ramin zuciya zuciya aiki da kuma hana kara jini hadawa. Shi ne samuwa, amma, a sosai kananan yawa. Saboda haka, bisa ga aikin tamanin da uku-gidajen zuciya kadangaru kamar yan hudu.

dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kada yana da wani hudu gidajen zuciya, amma bin jiyya da jini ba gaba daya rabu da kãriya mai shãmakacẽwa. A dabbobi masu rarrafe sashin jiki (zuciya) ne ke da alhakin samar da dukan ikon jiki ta hanyar da jini, shi yana da musamman tsarin. Bugu da kari ga na huhu jijiya, yana tsawaita daga ventricle a gefen dama, akwai wani ƙarin, hagu. A da shi da babban taro na jini shiga cikin narkewa kamar tsarin.

Tsakanin biyu arteries, dama da hagu, da zuciya da wani kada yana da wani rami. Ta hanyar da shi, da jini daga veins ne iya samun a cikin wani babban da'irar magani, da kuma mataimakin versa. Masana kimiyya sun dogon yi imani da cewa zuciya yana da wani irin halittu masu rarrafe tsaka en hanya ga ci gaban cikakken zuciya na hudu da bẽnãye kamar yadda a dumin jiki dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba.

kunkuru

A tsarin na jini da zuciya daga wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ne guda a matsayin cewa na sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe: zuciya da uku da bẽnãye da alaka da wani jijiya da wani jijiya. Contents isasshen oxygenated jini ne ta ƙara a lokacin da na waje matsa lamba ƙaruwa. Wannan na iya faruwa a lokacin da dabba dives ko motsa da sauri. Zuciya rate rage-rage, yayin da muhimmanci kara carbon dioxide taro.

Na hudu gidajen zuciya kunkuru, ko da yake physiological halitta na jiki na da kawai uku da bẽnãye. Gaskiyar cewa zuciya ne daban-daban kunkuru bai cika na ramin zuciya bango a kusa da jini ayyuka, tare da daban-daban yawa na oxygen.