Rhyme. Hanyar rifmovok

The kalmar "rhyme" yana da wani hadadden etymology. Shi da ke mayar da Tsohon Faransa ra'ayi ma'ana "sequence". Amma, watakila, da sosai Faransa kalmar ne a cin hanci da rashawa aro daga Latin kuma Latin alama, bi da bi, ya koma zuwa ga zamanin d Girkanci harshe.

Rooms Modern dalibai suna gabatar da Concepts kamar rhyme, rhyming hanyoyi, duk da haka, wannan topic stihovedcheskaya yawa aukaka da kuma dukan yawa ta tambayoyi ne suke da muhimmanci ga makaranta da kuma dalibi.

Daga cikin tarihi na rhyme

A cikin wani hali, asalin ma'anar da kalmar ba haka ba ne, kamar yadda shi ne a yanzu. Ba ta kasance ba game da karin lafazi kama daga karshen Lines wakoki, da kuma na rhythmic tsari. In ba haka ba shi ba zai iya zama a matsayin tsoho shayari, bisa manufa, da aka ba rhymed, rifmovok hanyoyi akwai bayyana kawai spontaneously, misali, sau da yawa suka zamewa cikin shayari na Catullus.

Amma ga msar tambayar fahimtar da, daidai da, zuwa ga bukatun na rhyme shi ne har yanzu sosai nisa. Poetry, ciki har da Rasha, ya zo rhyme hankali, smoothly kara yawan rhymed Lines.

Rhyme a zamani Rasha shayari

Yau, da rhyme ne a gane sifa poetic magana, duk da haka, a cikin shayari, musamman West Turai, a fili a bayyane da kuma bucking Trend - da kin amincewa da rhymed ayar. Yana da wuya a hango ko hasashen yadda karfi shi zai zama, idan ka yi la'akari da cewa a yau muna shaida gwagwarmaya na magoya baya da kuma masu adawa da "gargajiya" rhymed ayar.

A zamani Rasha shayari, ya tukuna mamaye, yi amfani da classic, da kuma modified hanyoyin rifmovok, da kuma wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu na da ƙarni a gwada yawa ji na aya da Daddy amfani a kan fari da aka kama hannun yaro.

Sharudda ga kimantawa rhyme

Lokacin magana game da rhyme kawai da kauce wa 'yan kowa kuskure. Da fari dai, wajibi ne ta yi watsi da irin wannan mummunan definition, kamar yadda "bad rhyme." A kanta shi ne alheri ko ta mugunta, shi duka dogara da waka na ayyuka, da kuma riƙa na al'ada. Alal misali, a cikin XVIII karni Trediakovskii nema daga kasida na musamman na mata da Daddy (lafazi a kan penultimate syllable a wani layin), da kuma maza na rhyme (lafazi a karshe syllable) yana dauke da wata ãyã daga bad dandano.

Yau, da wannan rarrabẽwa, a saka shi mai laushi, bai yi aiki ba, da kuma hira, kazalika da m kimantawa abin rifmovok hanyoyin amfani da marubucin, ba a kayyade siga mayar da hankali a kan zurfin da aikin.

A ƙarshen XVIII karni "mai kyau" an dauke kusan na musamman nahawu Daddy, cewa an kawai amfani da wannan sassa na magana da nahawu siffofin. Kuma a yau, da yawa kasida ayan kauce wa shi a matsayin wata ãyã matalauta poetic ƙamus. Wannan, ba zato ba tsammani, shi ne kuma kuskure, saboda a wasu lokuta shi ne ordinariness na rhyme ne kafin don wani ado sakamako. Alal misali, a cikin yara shayari m, kuma m haduwa sau da yawa ba bukatar da yaron ya tuna karkata daga gare su ba a shirye, sai ya ji mafi misali da sauki hanyoyin. Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai yara shayari.

A cikin shahararrun Ballad of Anna Akhmatova "Gray-sa ido Sarki" bala'i na rasa mai ƙaunar daya an saita kashe da humdrum na abin da ke faruwa. Kuma yana da muhimmanci ba kawai ga ayyuka da halayen da wasu, amma misali nahawu Daddy (same - ya tafi, tashi - da look, da dai sauransu) da kuma yadda rifmovok.

Mayakovsky, duk da haka, ya nace cewa rhyme ya zama m, don jawo hankalin mai karatu ta da hankali, amma ba mai cikakkar bukata. Wannan gaskiya ne dangane da wakoki na Mayakovsky da kamar shiryayye mutanen da suke da karfi sosai Tushen a constructivist ayoyi, bi da bi, da rawar da gangan ingestion.

Amma shi wannan rubutu shi ne erroneous dangane da wakoki a matsayin dukan. Duk abin dogara a kan m aiki. Alal misali, a hanya zuwa rhyme "zinariya ɗan kurmi" S.Yesenin gargajiya, wannan shi ne wani classic giciye-rhyme, na farko da kuma na uku Lines - mata, da kuma na biyu da na hudu - maza.

A kan dukan, da waka ba ya da wani haske Daddy. Amma a lokaci guda shi ne undeniable poetic fitacciyar.

Iyakokin majiyai rhyme

A Rasha al'adu ji na rhyme an gane, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a lokacin da wannan karshe ya jaddada wasali kuma a tsaye kusa da shi a shirye. A Turanci da kuma Jamus hadisai isasshe jaddada wasali. Wannan shi ne, ba mu ji da rhyme, misali, kalmar nan "taga" da "guga", amma gane kamar yadda rhyme "taga - tabo" ko sunan "Oknov - guga." Duk da haka, a gaskiya akwai shayari kuma fiye da rikitarwa lokuta matching line endings. Alal misali, za a iya haka a yi amfani da dissonant Daddy lokacin wasan line endings ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam ba, amma na karshe ya jaddada wasali kawai daban-daban. Wannan shi ne, misali, A. m waka Chebyshev halayyar sunan "dissonance" baro-baro nuna randomness liyafar:

Kohl birgima a gaba gare ku tuba,

Musamman a lokacin da cikakken watã -

Za ka yi zunubi kaffãrar,

Kuma zo babban despondency.

Duk matar nan da nan zai zalaskat,

Ta ƙirãza zableskany hawaye.

Rashin barci littafin zalistany ...

Ko da tsaba ne zaluzgany.

Kuma a sa'an nan ku rai Ott,

Ko da yake, ba shakka, fairly hadarin,

Saboda, watakila, gumi,

Kuma ka faru angina.

Za mu iya kiran wannan waka rhyming? A cikin sharuddan misali definition of rhyme - babu, saboda rhyme sharudda an keta. Daga cikin ra'ayi na "kraesoglasiya", kamar yadda amfani da za a kira da rhyme, - babu shakka saboda kafin mu ne a fili m liyafar nonrandom uniformity na line endings.

magana

A general, bisa ga yarda "misali" rarrabuwa rhyme yawanci bayyana ga wasu dalilai mabambanta. Da fari dai, yanayin magana (EOL). A wasu kalmomin, ta hanyar inda a can ne na karshe lafazi. Idan na karshe matsayi, rhyme kira namiji (sake - jini), idan a kan penultimate - mace (narόdy - svobόdy), idan a kan uku syllable daga karshen - dactylic (hόlodno - gόlodno). Sosai da wuya, amma akwai ma da ake kira giperdaktilicheskie rhyme, a lokacin da na karshe lafazi da aka located a karo na hudu da kuma kara syllable daga karshen (chilling - m).

Matsayi a cikin stanza

Wannan matsayi ne a cikin ayar da aka m ya ce dalibai a aji yayin karatu taken "rhyme. rhyming "hanyoyi. 5 sa na sakandare ya shafi ba kawai nazari, amma kuma darussa masu amfani.

By matsayi a cikin stanza (mafi sau da yawa shi ne mai tambaya na quatrains) rhyme iya zama m (AAAA), giciye (ABAB) - haye hanyar rhyming mafi fili cikin sharuddan m horo a kan bincike na Daddy, tururi (AABB) da zobe (Awa).

A mafi hadaddun ayoyi sauran haduwa rhyme, msl, na gargajiya octave ayoyi yi zai zama: AVAVAVSS.

Sauran dalilan da rarrabuwa na

Sau da yawa Daddy suna classified da kuma sauran filaye (da ƙa'ida mai arziki, wato, sonorous, da kuma karin lafazi matalauta, daidai da m; monosyllabic da aka gyara, da aka hada da hade da biyu kalmomi, kamar "mai shekara ɗari to girma haihuwa ba tare da mu").

Single m rarrabẽwa rhyme ba ya wanzu sukayi fassara suna bayyana ne kawai mafi m tushe.