Sauyawa daga ƙasa. Maye gurbin m ƙasa

Kafin farkon gina gidan tushe ne m irin wannan aiki a matsayin rajistan shiga kamata a da za'ayi hali damar gona. Binciken da za'ayi a cikin wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman. A cikin taron cewa ya saukar da wanzuwar hadarin rushewar ginin a lokacin da yi a wannan musamman wuri, za a iya za'ayi matakan da nufin a karfafa ko sauyawa na gona.

rarrabuwa

All kasa ya kasu kashi da yawa na asali iri:

• Rock. Suna wakiltar wani daya-yanki dutse massif. Ba sha danshi, ba ya kwanta, kuma suna dauke nepuchinistymi. Foundation a kan irin wannan filaye ne kusan zurfafa. Don kuma sun hada da m m kasa, kunsha na manyan dutse, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. A wannan yanayin, idan duwatsu aka haxa shi da lãka gona, gona yana dauke slabopuchinistym idan da yashi - nepuchinistym.
• Bulk. Primers tare da mai illa halitta tsarin yadudduka. Kawai sa, birgima a artificially. Harsashin gininsa a kan irin wannan ba siffar iya zama, amma da farko dole ne su yi wani hanya kamar gona compaction.
• Clay. Kunshi sosai lafiya barbashi (kasa da 0.01 mm), sosai sha ruwa da kuma distending dauke. Subside a gida a kan wannan kasa shi ne ya fi a kan m da yashi. All lãka kasa suna classified kamar yadda baƙin yumɓu, yashi loam da yumɓu. Wadannan sun hada da hada da rawayar} asa.
• Yashi. Ya kunshi fi girma barbashi na yashi (zuwa 5 mm). Matsa wannan kasa ne sosai rauni, amma azumi. Saboda haka, gidaje gina a kan su, ta fuskanci saukar a wata m zurfin. Sandy kasa suna classified bisa ga barbashi size. A mafi kyau sansanonin dauke gravelly yashi (barbashi daga 0.25 zuwa 5 mm).
• Quicksands. Silty kasa cikakken da ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa samu a dausayi. Domin gina gine-gine a matsayin m.

Irin wannan rarrabuwa aka yi bisa ga Gost iri. Primers aka gwada a vitro zuwa kayyade jiki da kuma inji halaye. Wadannan safiyo ne dalilin kirga da damar tushe ga gine-gine. A cewar Gost 25100-95, duk kasa ya kasu kashi m da neskalnye, subsidence kuma asalin {, Saline da kuma wadanda ba Saline.

Babban jiki halaye

A dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike domin sanin irin sigogi na kasa:

• Zafi.
• Porosity.
• Plasticity.
• Yawa.
• A barbashi yawa.
• modulus.
• Shear juriya.
• A kwana na gogayya barbashi.

Sanin yawa daga cikin barbashi za a iya ƙaddara, da kuma nuna alama kamar da takamaiman nauyi na kasar gona. Yana da aka lasafta, na farko, domin sanin mineralogical abun da ke ciki na duniya. Gaskiyar ita ce, da mafi kwayoyin barbashi a cikin ƙasa, da ƙananan load-hali iya aiki.

Wanne kasa za a iya dangana ga rauni

A hanya ga dauke da fitar dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje da kuma aka ƙaddara ta Gost. Kasa suna karatu tare da yin amfani da musamman kayan aiki. Aiki a lokaci guda za'ayi kawai ta horar da kwararru.

Idan sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa inji da kuma ta jiki halaye na ƙasa ba ka damar gina a kan shi Tsarin da gine-gine ba tare da hadarin rushewar ko warwarewarsu mutuncin tsarin, da ƙasa da aka gane rauni. Don wadanda ga mafi part hada quicksands da kuma girma gona. Rauni fiye da sau da yawa gane kamar yadda sako-sako da yashi, peat da lãka da wani babban kaso na Organic ƙasa sharan.

Idan ƙasa a cikin rauni rabo, da yi ne yawanci canjawa wuri zuwa wani wuri da mafi kyau tushe. Amma wani lokacin wannan ba zai yiwu. Alal misali, a kan wani kananan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A wannan yanayin, zai iya yiwuwa a yanke shawarar a kan gina tari tushe tare da zurfin kwanciya up m yadudduka. Amma wani lokacin alama mafi dace hanya don maye gurbin ko karfafa ƙasa. Duka wadannan ayyukan ne quite m cikin sharuddan duka biyu kudi da kuma lokaci ta halin kaka.

Canzawa na filaye: manufa

A tsari iya da za'ayi a cikin hanyoyi biyu. A zabi na hanyar dogara a kan zurfin m yadudduka. Idan kananan, haske ƙasa tare da matalauta load-hali iya aiki ne kawai cire. Next, a wani m tushe Layer tamkar zuba talauci compressible matashi a cakuda da yashi, tsakuwa, tsakuwa da kuma irin kayan. Wannan hanya za a iya amfani idan kauri daga cikin taushi da ƙasa a cikin site ba ya wuce mita biyu.

Wani lokaci ta faru da cewa wani m ƙasa ne sosai zurfi. A wannan yanayin, da matashi za a iya aza a kan rauni. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi a daidai lissafi na da size a kwance, kuma a tsaye jirage. Fadi fiye da shi, da ƙananan na matsa lamba rarraba zai kasance load a kan maraunana gona. Da ake ji da irin wannan matasan kai iya a na'urar da iri daban-daban na ginin.

Lokacin amfani da irin wannan wucin gadi tushe akwai wani hadarin, kawar da matashin kai nauyi na ginin. A wannan yanayin, shi kawai ya fara tsaya fitar a cikin m taushi ƙasa a kan dukkan bangarorin. The sosai guda gidan prosyadet, kuma unevenly, wanda zai iya kai ga lalata ta tsarin abubuwa. Domin kauce wa wannan, da kewaye filõli shigar takardar da sharrin tara. Bugu da kari, sun hana waterlogging na yashi da tsakuwa.

Shin yana yiwuwa a canja gona a yankin a kan nasu

Sauyawa daga gona karkashin tushe dole ne a yi kawai tare da kafin dacewa da bincike da lissafin. Don yin wannan aiki a kan nasu, ba shakka, za su yi aiki ba. Saboda haka, mafi m, zai yi kira kwararru. Duk da haka, a lokacin da gina gine-gine ne da ba tsada sosai, misali, da tattalin arziki, da aiki za a iya za'ayi da kuma "da ido". Ko da yake hadarin, mu har yanzu ba da shawarar, amma ga sauran ci gaba, bari mu gani a mafi daki-daki, a cikin sama hanya. Saboda haka, saukarwa daga cikin aikin a cikin wannan yanayin ne kamar haka:

• Rami da aka yi da m tushe.
• A cikin wuriyar da matakin da tafin kafa na gaba tushe zuba yashi matsakaici size. Backfill samar yadudduka na kananan kauri da kowane rammer. Kafin sealing yashi dole ne a wetted da ruwa. Rammer kamata a da za'ayi a matsayin sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu. A cikin yashi kada ta kasance wani inclusions, musamman manyan mãsu girmansu. Wani lokacin amfani maimakon gona-kankare garwayayye, kuma slag.

A cikin taron cewa kafuwar amfani wucin gadi tushe kamata kuma shirya a kusa da gidan magudana. Wannan zai ba da damar a bit ƙara da yawa daga cikin kewaye ƙasa matashi da kuma hana shi daga squeezing da bangarorin.

don ƙirƙirar wani malalewa tsarin ayyukansu

Next, la'akari da yadda za ka iya yin malalewa tsarin a site. Ganuwar da ginshiki domin kare lafiya mafi kyau waterproofed. Saboda haka, fasali na tsari:

• A mita tono a tsanya daga cikin ginin. Rami da aka yi a wannan zurfin kasa kwanciya kafuwar. Nisa -. About 30 cm gangara tare mahara kasa dole ne a kalla 1 cm zuwa 1 m tsawon.
• A kasa na tare mahara da aka cika da tamped pyatisantimetrovym Layer na yashi.
• Yada fita a kan yashi da geotextile kayyade da gefuna da tari na da tsanya.
• Zuba desyatisantimetrovyh Layer na tsakuwa.
• Tari perforated magudana bututu.
• Zuba ta tsakuwa kwance akan gado 10 cm.
• Rufe da "cake" iyakar geotextile da dinka su.
• Fall barci duk ƙasa, da barin sasanninta na ginin manholes.
• A ƙarshen tube da kyau gamsu karɓa. Dauki plums bukatar akalla mita biyar daga kan garun ginin.
• A duhun rĩjiya zuba tsakuwa da kuma kafa wani filastik ganga tare da ramukan ya fadi na sukar a cikin kasa.
• Nuna tube a cikin akwati.
• A saman da aka rufe da alluna da rufe da ƙasa.

Hakika, a cikin ginin kanta ya kamata Dutsen da gutter tsarin.

tabbatarwa daga ƙasa yaya ne

Tun da sauyawa daga ƙasa - aiki wajen laborious da kuma m, shi sau da yawa maye gurbin karawa hanya a karkashin kafuwar tushe. Duk da haka, da dama daban-daban hanyoyin za a iya amfani. Daya daga cikin na kowa ne tamping da ƙasa, wanda zai iya zama na waje ko zurfi. A cikin farko idan aka yi amfani da matsayin rammer mazugi. An tashe kashe a kasa da kuma jefa saukar daga wani tsawo. Wannan hanya da aka yawanci amfani da shiri na gina girma gona.

Deep gona compaction aka yi tare da taimakon musamman tara. Suka kore a cikin ƙasa, kuma janye daga. A sakamakon rami da aka zuba bushe yashi ko gona-kankare zuba.

A thermal Hanyar

Zabi ƙasa riba dogara da farko a kan abun da ke ciki, da hanya ga kayyade wadda aka kayyade Gost. Kasa, rarrabuwa da abin da aka gabatar a sama, kullum bukatar karawa kawai idan alaka neskalnoy kungiyar.

Daya daga cikin na kowa hanyoyi ne domin samun thermal. Ana amfani da rawayar} asa gona da damar tabbatarwa daga zurfin game da 15 m. A wannan yanayin da ƙasa ne pumped ta hanyar bututu sosai zafi iska (600-800 digiri Celsius). Wani lokaci thermal jiyya na kasar gona da ake yi a cikin wani daban-daban hanya. A ƙasa haƙa rijiya. Sai suka ƙone matsa flammable kayayyakin. Pre rijiyoyin an shãfe haske. Bayan wannan magani, da calcined ƙasa yakan mallaki kadarori na yumbu jiki da kuma hasarar da ikon tara ruwa da kuma ƙara.

cementation

Sandy gona (photo na wannan jinsin aka ba a kasa) ƙarfafa dan kadan daban-daban hanya - by cementation. A wannan yanayin, shi gidan ya toshe bututu ta hanyar abin da na pumped ciminti-lãka mafita ko ciminti slurry. Wani lokaci wannan hanya da ake amfani a rufe fasa da cavities a cikin m gona.

silicification ƙasa

A kan yashi mai motsawa, silty yashi, kuma macroporous kasa da aka fi amfani da hanyar na silicification. Domin karawa da wani bututu pumped bayani na sodium silicate da potassium chloride. A allura za a iya yi zuwa zurfin 20 m. A radius yaduwa waterglass sau da yawa ya kai murabba'in mita daya. Wannan shi ne mafi inganci amma kuma mafi tsada hanyar samun. Low takamaiman nauyi na kasar gona, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi yayi magana game da abun ciki na Organic barbashi a shi. Irin wannan abun da ke ciki na iya a wasu lokuta ma za a Littafi silicification.

Kwatanta kudin na maye gurbin da kuma inganta ƙasa

Hakika, da karawa aiki ne mai rahusa cikakken ƙasa canzawa. Domin kwatantawa, bari ta lissafi nawa shi zai kudin halittar wucin gadi tsakuwa ƙasa a 1 m ^3. Zabi ƙasa da daya cubic mita na sarari za kudin game 7 USD murƙushe dutse kudin ne $ 10 da 1 m ^3. Saboda haka, sauyawa daga m ƙasa za kudin 7 USD da sako da 7 USD domin motsi tsakuwa, da $ 10 wa kansa tsakuwa. Total 24 USD Ƙarfafa ƙasa halin kaka 10-12 USD, wanda shi ne sau biyu mai rahusa.

Daga dukkan wannan zamu iya zana wani sauki ƙarshe. A cikin taron cewa ƙasa a kan wani rauni sashe, zabi gina wani gidan wani wuri dabam. Idan wannan shi ne ba zai yiwu ka bukatar ka yi la'akari da zaɓi na erecting wani gini a kan stilts. Karfafa da kuma maye gona suna da za'ayi kawai a matsayin karshe mafaka. A kayyade da bukatar irin wannan hanya ya kamata a shiryar da SNIP da Gost. Primers, rarrabuwa ne ma ayyana matsayin, Littafi dace don su musamman abun da ke ciki wajen.