Scientology - abin da yake da shi? Church of Scientology. Scientology - da darikar

Daya daga cikin mafi scandalous da kuma rigima kungiyoyi a duniya. Kimiyya ko addini, daba ko sayar da kungiyar? Duk wadannan matsalolin za a iya dangana ga Kalmar "Scientology". Mẽne ne a zahiri, za mu yi kokarin gaya muku, a wannan labarin.

Za ka koyi wani taƙaitaccen tarihin wannan motsi, ta trends da asali ra'ayoyin. Bugu da kari, sun za a sanar a kan babban arziki da zargi alaka Scientology.

Ma'ana

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin latsa kalmar bayyana dangane da daban-daban scandals. Saboda haka, Scientology, abin da yake da shi? Kamar yadda kafa motsi Rona Habbarda, shi da matarsa lokaci harhada daga kalmomi biyu. A Latin "stsio" na nufin "ilimi", da kuma a Greek "tambura" - "kalma, kimiyya." Saboda haka, wannan "ilmi game da ilimi" ko "kimiyya da kimiyya".

A karo na farko, Hubbard yana amfani da wannan kalma a cikin wani aiki na "Excalibur", rubutun da abin da aka rubuta a 1938. A watan Maris shekarar 1952, ya fara wata hanya na laccoci a Kansas, wanda aka kira "Scientology: milestone Daya."

Ko da yake wannan neologism da aka samu a wasu marubuta kamar Allen Apvard da Anastasius Nordenholz ainihin magana game da aron Hubbard fari mai aiki ba zai yiwu ba. An ma akai-akai amfani da kalmomi a Turanci yanayi. Don haɗa «kimiyya» (cikin Turanci "kimiyya") da kuma karshen kowane reshe na ilmi «... logia» (misali "Dentistry") optionally ara sharuddan daga sauran marubuta.

Saboda haka, tambaya ya zauna bude wa masu bincike, shi ne mafi muhimmanci a gare mu da wanzuwar wannan Trend, kamar yadda muka ci gaba da magana game da tarihin da samuwar.

History of Scientology

Yanzu za mu je ba game da manufar "Scientology" - abin da ake nufi da abin da ra'ayoyin su a boye a baya shi. A wannan bangare za mu magance tarihin samuwar wannan al'umma.

Saboda haka, Scientology rukunan ya ci gaba da Dianetics Rona Habbarda. Dianetics marubucin ya kira a matsayin nazari da shafi tunanin mutum kiwon lafiya. A key to shi ne mai Hanyar shafi tunanin mutum da far.

Bisa kungiyoyin da suka shiga cikin mutane da yawa da sha'awar da sababbin abubuwa da Dianetics a shekara ta 1952 halitta Scientology. Society kira "da Hubbard Association of Scientologists." Daga bisani, a Arizona (Phoenix Town) da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sabon kafa College of Dianetics. Kuma a cikin shekaru uku a babban birnin kasar na Amurka ya buɗe farko Church of Scientology.

A shekara ta 1952, tare da College filaye, Ron Hubbard jadadda mallaka "Dianetics" kamar yadda ta kasuwanci. Don sarrafa amfanin da kuma rarraba kayan, fasaha da kuma brands, Religious Technology Center aka kafa. Wannan kungiyar bayan Hubbard ta mutuwa ne tafin kafa manajan dukkan dukiya da kuma yancin kamfanin.

Yau, magoya bayan Scientology, mafi a Amurka. Daga cikin su akwai ko da Hollywood taurari kamar John Travolta da kuma Tom Kruz. Bayan rasuwar kafa na mabiyansa aka kasu kashi biyu qarqashinsu, wanda za a tattauna daga baya.

Babban ideas

Yanzu mun takaice za sauti muhimmai daga Scientology, Ron Habbard aka bayyana a cikin shekaru ashirin da (a cikin hamsin hamsin, da sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin).

Saboda haka, ayyana kansu mabiya koyarwar wani addini. Har yanzu magana game da shi a matsayin amfani da addini falsafa. Domin manufar Scientologists sa da nazari na mutum ruhu da kuma na yi na ta links da kuma dangantakar da sararin samaniya, da sauran rayuka da kanmu.

Nazarin bayar da shawarar "Scientology," ra'ayi cewa shi ne tawagar kasar na kimiyya ko koyarwa. A cewar malaman addini da kuma sukar da sake dubawa, shi tunawa da ra'ayoyi na Gnosticism, addinin Buddha, Yahudanci, Vedas, wasu daga cikin siffofin da Kristanci, tsoho falsafa, Taoism, kazalika da sakamakon aikin Nietzsche da Freud.

Ron Hubbard kansa ya yi kira 'yan key maki game da falsafa na Scientology.

Na farko, duk mutane ne mai kyau da yanayi, amma sun yi tsẽre ga zama da kuma rayuwa.

Abu na biyu, domin cimma wannan burin, shi wajibi ne don cimma hadin kai tare da shi, da abokansa da kuma sararin samaniya.

A karshe, ceto ne zai yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar da Ruhu. Idan muka gudanar da su koyi da shi, har ma za warkar da jiki.

igiyoyin

A lokacin da ci gaban da nazari akwai mai yawa na mabiya. A cewar wasu kafofin, da magoya bayan wannan addini da tsakanin yan kasa a kan wani mutum ɗari kasashen duniya, da kuma su total number ne a kusa da miliyan takwas mutane.

A data kansu Scientologists ce akwai fiye da dubu uku manufa a cikin wadannan kasashe. Kamar yadda na tsakiyar nineties karni na karshe a Rasha akwai game da dubu goma mabiyansa da sympathizers.

Bayan rasuwar kafa na addini, L. Ron Hubbard (1986), da motsi raba biyu qarqashinsu - "Church of Scientology" da "Free Zone." Don ƙarin bayani game da su za a tattauna daga baya.

Scientology a Rasha

A Rasha, na farko Scientology kungiyar bayyana a cikin Janairu 1994, a lokacin da shi da aka rubuta, "The Church of Scientology na birnin Moscow." Daga baya fara jerin scandals da kuma wasanni daban-daban na sukar, umarnin kuma su roko. Muhimmanci shi ne gaskiya cewa a dama lokatai haramta ayyukan irin su Scientology. Petersburg, misali, tsira da tsiyacewa "na Scientology cibiyoyin" a shekara ta 2007.

Har ila yau, a watan Yuni na shekarar 2011, a Moscow kotu samu takwas ayyukan Rona Habbarda kamar yadda tsauraran da kuma hana su rarraba a cikin ƙasa na Rasha.
Bari mu yanzu magana dabam game da biyu igiyoyin da suka fito a cikin eighties.

coci

A farko daga cikin wadannan da aka kira da "Church of Scientology". A gaskiya, shi ne mafi tsufa kungiyar a cikin tarihin wannan motsi. Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1954, nan da nan bayan da farkon na popularization na ideas Rona Habbarda. Yau da shi ne kawai zai gaje da kuma manajan dukkan fasahar da brands na kamfanin kafa.

The hakkin mallaka a kan ayyukan Rona Habbarda, wanda ke da mallakar Church of Scientology, bisa ga Rasha dokokin, kammala a cikin 2056. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan ƙasar a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kungiyar ba za su iya zuwa a ji dadin m hakkokin da kayayyakin da kuma ra'ayoyin.

Bugu da kari, kadai kungiyar da cewa ya mallaki duka alamar kasuwanci, ne Addinai Technology Center. A ra'ayi na musamman matsayi na kamfani kawai ya iya baiwa lasisi yi amfani da su. Wannan ba zai yiwu, ko da a cikin Church of Scientology International, ko da yake da shi a gaskiya ne iyaye kungiyar.

Scientology a Rasha yana da ofisoshin. Amma a gaskiya dai itace cewa wannan Trend ne kasa rare fiye da "Free Zone", wanda za a tattauna daga baya.

Saboda haka, Scientology a Rasha tafi hanyoyi biyu. The Church of Scientology ya zo a cikin kasuwar a shekarar 1994, amma nan da nan akwai daban-daban scandalous events. Da farko, ta gane a matsayin mai hallakaswa kungiyar, bayan da hukuncin daukaka kara. A shekarar 2011, da dama aiki Rona Habbarta kamar yadda tsauraran da kuma dakatar da rarraba a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation.

Da wannan bango, akwai sha'awa a 1996 a cikin wani yanayi na Rasha Scientologists ga sabon Trend cewa an yada a Yammacin Turai. The kungiya da ake kira "Free Zone." Yana da aka kafa da kuma dauki siffar bayan mutuwar wanda ya kafa ta koyarwarsa.

Wannan Trend ba uniform kuma Karkasa al'umma kamar Church of Scientology. Akwai daban-daban al'ummu. Wasu nemi a kiyaye koyarwar a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da shi ne lokacin da Hubbard, da karshen so ta ci gaba da bunƙasa.

Don kauce wa doka rikici a kan tushen da hakkin mallaka, ko mabiya "Free Zone" ga m amfani rayuwa bugu na Hubbard ayyukan, kazalika da sirri aiki.

A gaskiya, wannan Trend ya kasance da popularization na Scientology a matsayin addini. Mafi yawa daga cikin sauran yankunan da akwai hažžožin da hakkin daga cikin Church, ba a hukumance ci gaba da magoya na "Free Zone".

zargi

Mutane da yawa da 'yan jarida da kuma masu bincike sun yi kokarin fahimtar abin da Scientology. Reviews tsohon mabiya, ra'ayoyin kwararru a fannoni daban daban, ciki har da dokar, addini da sauran yankunan, rinjayi hannu Scientology a cikin kasashe daban-daban don abin aiki.

Saboda haka, a mafi kasashen Turai, kamar Faransa, Belgium, Jamus, Luxembourg, Ireland, wannan koyaswa ba a gane a matsayin addini. Bugu da ƙari, tarayyar Jamus, Scientology nasa ne da category na kasuwanci kungiyoyin, so ban da shi.

A matsayin addini ba gane Isra'ila da kuma Mexico.

Wasu jihohin ayyana kungiyar ko da sauki: "Scientology - 'yan kungiyar." A ra'ayi na wannan halin da ake ciki, kuma da kasashen na rage yaduwar ta ideas.

scandals

Amma ba kawai wannan sanannen Scientology. Masu sukar za a iya daukarsa ma kamar "black" PR. Kuma abin da ya yi tare da wannan scandalous events kamar kisan kai, barazana da kuma kashe kansa?

Daga cikin mafi high-profile lokuta yana da daraja ambata cikin hali na Lizoy Makferson. A yarinya zo da ra'ayoyi na Scientology a shekara goma sha takwas. Amma ta zarar samun shiga wani haske hatsari. An dauka daga asibiti kuma sanya shi a cikin wani Scientology cibiyar ga shingen da fallasa su psychiatrists. Kwana goma sha bakwai daga baya da yarinya mutu.

A karo na biyu idan alaka da kisan kai Patrisa Vika. Wannan Bafaranshe, wanda a shekara ta 1988 tsalle fitar da taga, gama ba ya iya samun kudi biya domin gaba hanya. The shugaban na Lyon reshe na Church of Scientology da goma sha huɗu yan aka samu da laifin kisan kai na kuskure. Bayan wannan taron, makarantu a Faransa fara kiwon aiki game da ƙayyadaddu na koyarwa.

Akwai kuma da yalwa da shaida na wulakanci da kashe-kashen da a ke so mutane a cikin tsarin na yi na "wasa mai adalci" da kuma al'ada R2-45. Daga cikin wadanda ke fama da kafofin watsa labarai da ake kira Rudolf Willems, mai shi daga cikin fatara Jamus karfe kamfanin, Rex Fowler, an kasuwan Amurka, Nuhu Lottika wanda tsalle fitar da taga, rike da na karshe na kudi - 171 US dollar.

A kwatanta da addini

Saboda da daban-daban yayi a kasuwannin duniya, yayin da ciyar free Scientology. Yana hada da fuskoki dabam- dabam da kuma al'amurran da kamfanin. Addini da kuma kimiyya, da ilimi da kuma far. Yanzu za mu yi magana game da hali na Scientology addini.

Saboda haka Ron Hubbard kansa ya lura da cewa jam'iyyar popularized na musamman domin kasuwanci. Dansa ya tabbatar da wadannan kalmomi da kuma kara da cewa da farko Scientology - shi ne mai kimiyya. Kuma duk da matsalolin da suka shafi addini, da aka tsara na musamman ga warware batun haraji dangantaka da gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Yana da wani kimiyya ko ba?

Idan ka dubi lakabi da ayyukan Rona Habbarda, za mu iya ganin cewa, da farko na duk da wannan koyarwa tana wurinta a matsayin kimiyya. Scientology Center taimaka mutane a inganta da hankali, kiwon lafiya, aiki.

Alal misali, shirin "Clean jiki, tsabta hankali," da yawa malaman game da m da kuma restorative hanyoyin. Ya unshi shan bitamin da kuma sauran kari, jogging da kuma sauna.

Duk da haka, mafi masana kimiyya tantama gane Scientology a matsayin pseudoscience. A farko zargi na "danniya gwajin" kamar yadda unrepresentative tsari ne kawai don jawo hankalin sabon members.

Scientology - daba?

Koyar da cewa sanya Ron Hubbard (Scientology), bisa ga masana kimiyya da dama daga bangarori daban-daban na ilimi, shi ne "hallakaswa totalitarian darikar, wanda yana da cutarwa da kuma kama hannun yaro tasiri a kan psyche na mabiyansa."

Saboda haka, a shekarar 1965 da wani rahoton da aka wallafa Anderson a Australia, inda ya ba da wani misali na umurnin hypnosis a kan auditing. Saboda wannan a kan kwiyakwiyanta darikar na'am da m iko, kazalika da sama da kuma kudi.

Wannan halin da ake ciki da aka maimaita a Jamus, Faransa, bai tsere da zalunci na Scientology a Moscow. Ban hali da kotun na takwas ayyukan Rona Habbarda kamar yadda tsauraran, an bayyana a sama.

Har ila yau daraja ambata bambanci a igiyoyin. Waɗannan tabbaci ba da labari, yafi ga Church of Scientology. Magoya bayan na "Free Zone" ce cewa ba su da wani irin umurnin, ko da yake akwai shaida ga akasin haka.

kasuwanci

Masu sukar ce cewa kafuwar Church of Scientology YAKE babban birnin kasar dukiya ga mutane da yawa miliyoyin daloli a duk duniya. Yana kuma ya hada da auditing zaman, kyaututtuka, littattafan. Scientology da aka ɓullo da matsayin dala makirci, a kan aikace-aikace na mashawarta tattalin arziki.

Bugu da kari, akwai shaida cewa Ron Hubbard haka warware matsalar na jin dadin su. Nasa addini - hanya mafi kyau don samun arziki da kuma tsari daga haraji.

A cewar wasu kafofin, don jawo hankalin sabon members, Scientologists samun a hukumar, shugaban ofishin yana da 10% na wata-wata yawa na alaƙa rassan da fafatawa a gasa an cire ta hanyar shari'a aikace-aikace.

ban sha'awa facts

Abin da ya haramta, mun ce kafin a wasu kasashe Scientology. Yanzu yana da daraja ambata wasu daga cikin ban sha'awa facts a cikin tarihin wannan motsi.

Tun tsakiyar nineties, akwai mai gudana aiwatar domin kau da wani worldwide cibiyar sadarwa na wani bayani saba wa koyarwar Hubbard.

Akwai ma sun kasance yunkurin tilasta Google da kuma Yahoo cire daga search results shafukan da bayanai game da Scientologists ƙyãmã bayanai.

Kuma a shekarar 2009, da sulhu a kwamitin "Wikipedia" haramta canje-canje a cikin shafin da wani IP-address hade da Church ko rassanta.