Shanu na baki-motley irin, ga kiwo, yawan aiki

Black-da-fari saniya da dama a cikin category tsantsa-bred dabbobi da yake a high bukatar tsakanin manoma. High yawan aiki na madara - da babban inganci na irin. A wannan labarin, za mu duba fasali na kiwo da kuma baki-motley shanu.

Description of jinsunan

Shanu na baki-motley irin samu ta hanyar su tsallaka da dama Dutch breeds. Cattle na baki-motley launi yana da kyau jiki, karfi da ƙasũsuwa da, shi ne manya-manyan. Cikin akwati na dabba ne na gwargwado, baya mike, a mike kafafu kafa madaidaiciya. A talakawan nauyi na saniya shi ne 500-650 kg kuma sa - 950-1000 kg. Maruƙa yawanci samar da wani taro na game da 40 kg. Naman dabba ingancin m. Milk - babban manufa ga abin da bred baki-da-fari saniya. The yawan aiki na wannan nau'in sosai high. Saboda haka, da talakawan madara yawan amfanin ƙasa da saniya iya Range daga 4000 zuwa 6500 kg na madara. A nuna alama na ta mai abun ciki ne a kan 3.5%.

Black roɗi-roɗi saniya daidaita da sauƙi a daban-daban yanayin damina da kuma samun musamman lafiya mai kyau. Saboda da m acclimatization, wadannan dabbobi suna da kyau saba a kasashe daban-daban. Daga cikin kiwo shanu a kan yawan dabbobin da suke zauna na biyu wuri. A zamanin yau, masana kimiyya suna aiki a kan inganta baki-motley dabbobi da kiwon waddan tsarki irin, shan la'akari da yanayin damina da daban-daban yankin zones. Don inganta jiki Properties da kuma kara yawan aiki ta amfani da Dutch da Holstein-Friesian bijimai.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na irin

Cow baki da fari irin aka samu a lokacin Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, a 1930-1932 gg. zuwa karkarar Rasha daga Poland, da Baltic Amurka da Jamus sun tsĩrar da babban yawan baki da kuma m dabbobi, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin yankuna daban-daban na kasar. Tun daga nan, za mu fara rayayye asali shanu a matsayin m irin ko ketare tare da sauran jinsunan, wanda aka kiyaye dabam. Saboda haka, a sakamakon dogon lokacin da aikin a karkashin yanayi daban-daban na mahalli, ciyar, kiwo ya yiwu don kacokan a nonuniform irin na shanu, wanda a 1959 amince a karkashin sunan "black-da-fari sãniya."

daban na kankara

A sakamakon waddan da irin gudanar a samu dama iri baki-motley shanu da suke da daban-daban yawa na madara yawan amfanin ƙasa, madara mai abun ciki da adaptability zuwa yanayin damina:

1. Black-da-fari saniya tsakiyar yankunan na Rasha - bred dabbar ta hanyar canjin da Dutch irin Kholmogory da Yaroslavl. Animals na irin wannan ne quite manyan kuma samar da high yawan amfanin ƙasa na madara (kowace shekara har zuwa 6000 kg), amma su ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare madara mai abun ciki - ba fiye da 3.6%.
2. Black-da-White irin Ural - kafa ta tsallaka Tagil Bovine Gabas Frisians kuma partially da duwatsu daga cikin Baltic. Wadannan shanu ne kasa m (3700-5500 kg na madara a kowace shekara), amma m ga sauran iri cikin sharuddan mai abun ciki - 3.8-4%.
3. Black and White Cow a Siberia - an halitta a sakamakon giciye-waddan da na gida breeds ostfzriskoy Siberian shanu. Wannan dabbõbi kasa iko da kuma dan kadan kasa da baya iri yawan aiki. Saboda haka, da talakawan madara yawan amfanin ƙasa jeri daga 3500 zuwa 5000 kg na madara. Nuna alama talakawan mai abun ciki (daga 3.7 zuwa 3.9%).

dabbõbi kiwo zone

Kiwo baki-da-fari irin shanu lura a duk yankuna na Rasha. The most yawan shanu akwai a arewa maso yammacin yankuna na kasar, Western da kuma Gabas ta Siberia, da Urals, North Caucasus da kuma Far East. Musamman rare irin a Moldova da kuma kudancin Ukraine.

kiwo Features

Kiyaye da kiwo na baki da fari shanu ne kusan guda kamar yadda sauran iri shanu. Amma kafin mu samu to wadannan dabbobi ya zama zai yiwu yin lissafi da kudin na ta tabbatarwa da kuma shirya riba. Black-da-fari kiwo irin shanu da ta dace kula iya samar da mai kyau samun kudin shiga, amma a maimakon haka ya bukatar mai yawa kokarin. Kamar wancan ne, da shanu ciki kunshi wani jam'i na hanyoyin: milking, ciyar, tsaftacewa stables, hay, da dai sauransu ...

A wani dilution na baki da fari shanu yana da muhimmanci tunani game da wurin da ya zama. Ya kamata a bushe, dumi da kuma mai fili (akalla 20m²). Kulawa ta musamman yana bukatar hunturu tabbatarwa. Yawancin lokaci Disamba saniya shi ne ciki, amma ta ci gaba da madara. A jikin ciki shanu saboda nauyi madara samarwa ne a babban rãtaye. A wannan lokacin, dabba bukatar karin kulawa. Saboda haka, kana bukatar ka tabbatar da cewa saniya aka ventilated, haske sito. A dakin da zazzabi ya zama mafi kyau duka, da dabba ba supercool. Manufa zazzabi - daga 5 zuwa 12 ° C.

Lactation, kuma milking

Shanu na baki-motley irin milked a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda sauran kiwo shanu. Saboda haka, da suka ba mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa 12-17 lactation, ko da yake wannan lokaci an kange su a rare lokuta. Matsakaicin adadin madara za a iya shirya tsakanin 4 da 5 lactations.

A babban tasiri a kan yawan aiki da kuma ingancin kula da yanayin da ya rataya a baki-da-fari saniya irin. A madara yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya zama mai girma, idan ka yi da asali dokoki na ciki na shanu. A wani shiru da kuma m handling saniya daura wa mai abu da kuma saukin Master da basira da hali.

Jima'i balaga yakan faru a cikin shanu a watanni 6, amma al'amarin na bijimai tukuna. Tattalin arziki da balaga a 16 watanni lokacin da dabba live nauyi ne a kalla 70% na balagaggun shanu.

ciyar Features

Masu baki-motley shanu kamata a tuna da cewa, saboda da manyan size shi na bukatar karin abinci. Saboda haka, domin a shekara dabba dole ne a kalla 20 centners na hay kuma, a Bugu da kari, fi mai da hankali da kuma succulent abinci. Daga saniya ikon dogara a kan inganci da yawa na madara.

A cikin hunturu a cikin sito ya kamata a sanya tsuntsu Feeder. A size shi ya dauke daya bautãwarku na hay. A dakin ma bukatar sa ganga na ruwa zuwa cikin saniya iya sha a kowane lokaci. Idan ruwa a cikin sito a cikin hunturu ba daskare, da keg za a iya sa ko da yaushe cike. Sabunta kyawawa sha a kalla sau daya a rana, saboda da muzzle na dabba a cikin ruwa samun mai yawa na abinci, da kuma shi da sauri ke fita. Idan da hunturu a cikin sito ma'aunin zafi da sanyio misãlin yanayin zafi, da ruwa ya kamata a bai wa kõwane lokaci sabo.

Ya danganta da girman da shekaru na girma na abinci a cikin hunturu na iya zama dan kadan daban-daban. Don da isasshen abinci, shi ne bu mai kyau shirya game da 30 centners na baro da hay, da kuma 55 c succulent fodder. Wannan shi ne babban ci abinci, wanda dole ne ci baki-da-fari saniya irin. Ciyar forage shawarar zuwa 100 g ta 1 lita na madara samarwa. Idan wani babban adadin madara samar, da kashi za a iya ƙara.

Idan akwai matasa, hunturu abinci reserves ya kamata a 15 centners na m da kuma succulent fodder 9 centners da kai.

Zai yiwu matsaloli irin abun ciki

Shanu baki da fari irin halin da kyau kwarai kiwon lafiya da kuma high madara yawan aiki. Amma ko da high samar da gwaggwabar riba shanu iya sarrafa kasa madara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma zai iya yiwuwa a hade ba kawai da mugun gadar hali, amma kuma ta waje dalilai. Saboda haka, yawan aiki da shi daga dabbõbin shafi yanayi irin lokaci na shekara, abinci na gina jiki, sauyin yanayi, shekaru, live nauyi, tsowon sauran kafin calving. Har ila yau, baki da kuma bambance-bambance da shanu bukatar m tabbatarwa da kuma ingancin ciki. Masana kimiyya gudanar da wani gwaji a lokacin da biyu daga cikin guda uwa Shanu aka sa a yanayi daban-daban. Daya kasance a cikin wani yawa kashe a cikin gadon jariri, da kuma sauran da aka sa a cikin wani matsananci yanayi. A cikin farko idan na shanu ya girma high samar da gwaggwabar riba m, yayin da a karo na biyu - talakawa saniya.