Shuni - wanda shi ne shi? The darajar da ma'anar kalmar

An jiran wani babban da muhimmanci sosai aukuwa a cikin bazara na Rasha: kyautar kebe International Award "kyautatawaba-2014". Domin na takwas lokaci da kyauta za a gabatar da mutane da nakasa wanda ya lashe rashin lafiya, mun yi hu ~~ asa a fannoni daban daban. Wannan lambar yabo da ya sõyayya artists, likitoci, da jami'an gwamnati, 'yan kasuwa, kokarin taimakawa mutane da nakasa. Mutane daban-daban Rasha sõyayya a karkashin tutar wannan aikin, don taimaka talented naƙasasshe gabagaɗi, a taka zuwa nan gaba.

Rasha shuni - wanda shi ne shi?

Abin baƙin ciki, ba duka tuna da ma'anar kalma. Kamus bayyana cewa shuni - shi ne mutum wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na sanã'anta kudi ko, na daga cikin wa] annan dafe aka bai wa waɗanda suka yi ba zai iya taimakon kansu. A mafi tsoho nau'i na philanthropy ya da sadaka wadda mũminai ciyar da matalauci, ga waɗanda suka kusa gidajen lama ko haikali. Yau da sadaka ne ba kawai game da sadaka: manufar ya zama yawa fadi. Modern shuni - wanda shi ne shi? Wannan shi ne wani mutum da m na ayyuka ko ayyuka a cikin sha'anin waɗanda suka kãfirta bukatar shi. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin kasa da kasa jerin Mataimakan jama'a, da oligarchs Rasha bautarka 127th wuri daga 145. ubiquitous Statistics samu cewa shekara-shekara 15 mafi m Russia da sadaka ga sadaka, kamar yadda Bill Gates da kuma Miranda. Kawai babban darektan na "Norilsk nickel" Vladimir Potanin bãyukansu ga rantsuwar, wanda a wani lokaci ya Gates da kuma Buffet. Ya yi wa'adi (da kuma cika alkawarinsa,), fiye da rabin na jin dadin su ba su da kyau haddasawa. Abin farin, Potanin ba kawai wanda ya na goyon bayan masu bukata.

Mafi shahara philanthropists Rasha

To, wãne ne a shuni? Ma'ana kowa da kowa a yau fahimci nasu hanyar. Alal misali, Roman Abramovich jihar ciyarwa a kan rike kwallon kafa tawagar, la'akari da wannan philanthropy. Suleiman Kerimov allocates kudi ga ayyukan rashin lafiya yara. shi na goyon bayan makaranta, wani lokacin. Viktor Vekselberg donates wani rabo ya arziki, to komawa zuwa Rasha ta al'adu dabi'u. Kowace daga cikin wadannan da wasu arziki mutane da kansa ya yanke shawarar abin da ko wanda zai goyi bayan. I. Prokhorov, matar wani oligarch, koka da cewa wasu samar da taimako ne kawai idan suka yi tambaya a gare shi ya dage Putin, ko da gwamnatin. Abin da kuma ake nufi da Kalmar "shuni"? The ma'anar da aka adawa da ra'ayi na "misanthrope" kuma yakan haifar da wata baiwa damuwa domin inganta rayuwar 'yan adam a matsayin dukan, sadaukarwa Adam a za'a fadada ma'ana. Sanannun a kasar mu shuni Vladimir Yevtushenko na dogon lokaci da hannu a sadaka aikin a inda da dama.

Vladimir Yevtushenko da kuma taimakonsa da sadaka

Vladimir Yevtushenko - watakila mafi shahara Rasha shuni. Wane ne shi? Shi ne da shugaban na Board of Directors na AFK "System". Ya halitta nasa tushe da goyon bayan kimiyya da ilimi, da wasanni. A Asusun neman a adana al'adun na kasar, don inganta rayuwar al'umma. Foundation ma'aikatan ma a nasu hanyar fahimtar da Kalmar "shuni." The ma'anar ba a tsare musu na musamman kudi gudunmawar, ko da yake daya kawai Rasha Museum Asusun a shekara ta aika da miliyan daya rubles. Ma'aikata karfi da tallafawa matasa da masana kimiyya, da 'yan wasa, samar da yanayi na su wajen samar da iyawa, taimakawa ga ci, don zama shahara. Yana V. Yevtushenko da kafuwar taimake bude kasar mafi rumfa rassan da Rasha Museum. Daya daga cikin sahabban V. Evtushenkova ce, "kyautatawaba - wanda shi ne shi?" Ya ba ta hikima da unambiguous amsar. Bisa ga definition, shuni - shi ne mutum wanda yake so ya inganta zama na sauran.

Abin da suka aikata wasu Rasha philanthropists?

Media shekara sa saman Rasha kasuwa taimakawa da gwaji yawa sadaqa. Rating Ba kamar kamus, ba ya taimaka a gane abin da ake nufi da "shuni", amma a fili ya nuna girman da sadaka. A karshe shekaru biyu ko uku da aka karkashin jagorancin Roman Abramovich. Ya dafe ($ 12.5 biliyan) shi ya ciyar a kan sadaka 310 miliyan. Dan kadan bayan shi da kafa na USM Holdings Alisher Usmanov. Shi ne kawai rabin dala biliyan "matalauciyar" Roman Abramovich, amma wannan bai hana shi zuwa ciyar 247 da miliyan don tallafa wasanni, da Al'adu da Kimiyya. Sha'awa, da karshe majiɓinci, yana mai yawa duhu lokacin: ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 8, amma daga baya saki prematurely. Case furuci qirqiro.

A 'yan Lines daga baya a cikin ranking located Mordashov, babban darektan na CJSC "Severgroup". A cikin shekaru uku da shekaru, ya bayar da 103 miliyan na 9.5 biliyan. Pyatidesyativosmiletny mataimakin shugaban Lukoil da maigidan "Spartacus", da ciwon "kananan" Jihar 5.2 biliyan 31 da miliyan ciyar domin amfanin al'umma. A cikin duka, da jerin hada da 15 kasuwan-philanthropists.

The bada alkawalin

To, wãne ne a shuni? Wanda yake yin ĩmãni da zakka kira na rai ba, ko abin alhaki? Mutane daban-daban suna da daban-daban amsoshin wannan tambaya. A Amirka, wanda ake amfani da su yi duk na show, suka zo tare da "The Ba alkawalin". Saboda haka Bill Geyts da Uorren Baffet da ake kira da kai da taimako yakin da ya fara a 2010. The motsi, bisa ga kafa, ne aka yi nufi ga tilasta duk masu arziki da kuma muhimmanci mutane a duniya ba wani babban ɓangare na Saide na jihar a cikin ni'imar da mabukata. By farkon 2013, da motsi aka goyan bayan 105 na duniya arziki sunayen, da m adadin da aka kiyasta gudunmawar da $ 125 biliyan.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan Rasha Vladimir Yevtushenko da yawa na mabiyansa sa ba alkawuransu kuma alkawarai, amma a kowace shekara bayar babba goyon baya ga kimiyya, wasanni, kashe kudi don warware matsalolin zamantakewa. A} asashen waje ne ba duk da goyon bayan "The Ba alkawalin". Saboda haka, tsohon socialite, wani kudi baiwa, shuni Lilian Betankur ki shiga motsi, barin yanke shawara ba tare comment. A lokaci guda yana da wani asusun da babban birnin kasar na game da miliyan 150 €, wanda rabin shekara da aka kashe a kan goyon baya ga kimiyya bincike da kuma ilimi.

mata philanthropists

Lilian Betankur ba kadai. Akwai da yawa mata wanda ake kira fahimta duk da kalmar "shuni". Wane ne shi? A nan ne ya fi shahara, waɗanda suka fi jerin arziki Ladies a duniya.

• Iris Fontbona - watakila mafi fadin shuni a duniya. Wane ne shi? Latin American Multi-billionaire ta bazawara. Taimakawa da kudi mai yawa domin sadaka da shi, sau da yawa ya zauna Nameless. Sau ɗaya kawai shi ya kaisu a Chilean iska 27-hour gudun fanfalaki a lokacin wanda kiwata kudi ga yara da tsanani da kuma m cututtuka. Akuma kawai na biyu a kan mataki, Iris ruwaito cewa yana biya $ 3 da miliyan.
• Zhaklin Mars, wata mace da suka san daidai abin da mai shuni. A ta da'irar support kunshi talented dalibai, likita jama'a, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wasanni library, kuma haka a. D. Don bukatun wadannan mutane da kuma kungiyoyi halitta da Jacqueline Asusun ya aikata $ 10 miliyan.
• Dzhina Raynhart. "Rudnev sarauniya" Australian 'yan jarida da aka zargi da zari. Duk da haka, shi ya juya fitar da cewa shi a kai a kai na goyon bayan kungiyoyin fada domin hakkokin mata, amma ya aikata haka incognito.

Philanthropy: ribobi da fursunoni

Philanthropy, kamar wani zaman sabon abu, da ra'ayi ne shubuha. Babu shakka cewa kahuwar duniya ya gagarumin ikon da ake amfani da bunkasar kimiyya da kiwon lafiya, da al'adu da kuma ilimi. Kawo babbar amfanin zamantakewa taimako shirye-shirye, wanda ya kafa Carnegie da Rockefeller. Godiya ga wadannan shirye-shirye, m zama aka gane a matsayin wani asali mutum dama. philanthropists motsi ya taimaka wajen ceto mutane da yawa, bayar da invaluable taimako ga mutane da yawa zamantakewa sassa.

Amma ba duk don haka sauki. A Amurka, da Asusun ta aiki ya sãɓã, kadan daga cikin manufofin da ke jihar, wanda babban dalili ne dauke da "janar jindadin". Consistently bayar da taimako ga matalauta, 'yan siyasa da kuma philanthropists sun canza halin da ake ciki don haka da cewa ƙarni da dama na mutanen da suke da zahiri dogara a Amurka. Saba zuwa sadaka kula, ba su son aiki. Wadannan mutane sun rasa 'yancin kai da kuma zama da dogara a kan m zamantakewa kula. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba su son yin kokari, iya canza nasu halin da ake ciki.

Mummunan tasiri irin wannan sadaka da kuma yawon ci-rani. Su duka biyu samu zaman jama'a da kuma ilimi taimako. Educational shirye-shirye kyakkyawan jagorancin da yashewa na da'a dabi'u, asarar shaidar dan kasa na kabilu. Duk da haka, shi ne zaman jama'a sadaka shirye-shirye da ake iya saduwa da kalubale da kuma matsaloli da cewa jihar ba su da isasshen kudi da kuma lokaci. Kuma wannan shi ne babban karfin da kuma amfanin philanthropy. Amma duk da haka 'yan wadannan ƙungiyoyi ake kira philanthropists, t. E. The mutane ba wani ɓangare samu ga waɗanda suka bukatar taimako.