Sokhondinsky ajiye: sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau wurare a Rasha ne Sokhondinsky Reserve, wanda aka located a cikin ta Kudu Baikal. Shi ne sananne ga wani rarrabe yanayi na daji yanayin wannan yankin. Sokhondinsky ajiye Trans-Baikal Territory da adana da kuma nazari na endemic jinsunan, kazalika ga kariya daga ƙasa.

A manufofin da ayyuka na ajiye

A farko a raga na ajiye ne:

• kariya daga ƙasa ake bukata musamman don adana da kuma kara yawan rare dabbobi.
• nazarin yanayi da kuma gudanar da "Annals".
• muhalli saka idanu na yankin.
• muhalli da ilimi.
• horo na sabon masana kimiyya da kuma masana a cikin filin na kare muhalli.

Saboda da cewa babban ɓangare na ƙasa kusan hozhena mutum, yanayi ya rike asali bayyanar. Budurcinsu da kuma ban sha'awa Sokhondinsky Reserve, da watsuwar wanda ba za a iya ce. Ga ma ya samo asali da yawa koguna transbaikalian alaka da daruna na Pacific da kuma Arctic tekuna.

A takaice dai tarihi

An yi imani da cewa Sokhondinsky Reserve aka kafa a 1973. A 1772, a kan rafin kifi Sokhondo haura Sokolov. Akwai ya tattara da yawa shuke-shuke da kuma mika su ga Rasha kimiyya. Wannan ya taimaka bude wani yawa endemic jinsunan musamman zuwa yankin. Daga bisani canjawa wuri zuwa herbarium ga karatu English masanin kimiyya. Flora kuma tsunduma Turchaninov, tattara m tarin. Abin baƙin ciki, bayanin kula bar tare da Duniya.

A 1856, domin nazarin fauna a kan char bar GI Radde. Ya lura da cewa, a cikin yanki akwai shida high-tsawo zones.

A binciken da na Altai-Kyrinskoy tasa da kuma Khentey-Chikoyskogo tsaunuka tsunduma Farfesa VI Smirnov. Ya tattara quite babban herbarium, wanda aka bisani cire wa St. Petersburg University, kuma ya kasance a can har lokacin mu.

A shekara ta 1914 nazarin Flora tsunduma PN Krylov da L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria sun bayansa da darajõji daga cikin Tomsk University.

UNESCO sanya ajiye matsayi na "Muciya Reserve" a shekarar 1985.

Physiographic siffofin

Wannan ajiye hada Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu da loaches. Yankin ne babbar. Sam Sokhondinsky massif yana da tsawon kusan nisan kilomita 20, kuma ta nisa ne 14 kilomita. Dukan yankin da aka located a kan periphery daga cikin tsaunuka Henty-Chikoy. Wannan char yana da biyu kololuwa: tsawo na Great (2500.5 mita) da kuma Kananan (2404 mita). Wuce tsakanin kololuwa ne 2000 mita high. A kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na massif ne Tsagan-Ula. Kuma a yamma Sokhondinsky ajiye kẽwayesu da Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky ciki, wanda shi ne sanannen domin ta ruwan kwalba.

sauyin yanayi

A sauyin yanayi a Sokhondinsky Reserve sharply nahiyar. Dry hunturu da kadan snow. Kaddarance Janairu zazzabi jeri daga 22 ° C zuwa 28 ° C, dangane da tsawo. Duk da haka, a vertices kansu isa debe 50 ° C.

Summer ne sosai takaice, har ma sai za a iya daskarewa da nauyi snow. A zafin jiki ne lizimta da 14 ° C. Mafi zafi wata - Yuli. Overall talakawan zazzabi - game da debe 1,9 ° C. A talakawan shekara-shekara hazo da dama a game da 430 mm.

Yanayin damina ne quite mai tsanani, amma da yawa daga cikin Flora da fauna ji gaba daya dadi. Sokhondinsky ajiye a Rasha ne daya daga cikin mafi arziki a cikin iri-iri na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

dabbobi masu shayarwa

Bambancinsa Sokhondinsky ajiye jirgin sama sanya babban bambance-bambance da kuma yawan zafin jiki, inda asirce yawa Flora da fauna. Ga za ka iya samun fox, Sable, ruwan kasa bear, kurege, zomo, da dai sauransu

Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa dabbobi za a iya lura Siberian Musk barewa. Wannan kananan zata tsage-hoofed dabbobi, a cikin bayyanar kama barewa. Halayyar siffofin da wannan mutum: wani lokacin farin ciki ruwan kasa ko ruwan kasa gashi, na bakin ciki kaifi hooves, babu ƙahonin, maza dogon fangs protruding daga ƙarƙashin da babba lebe, kazalika da na ciki gland da cewa samar da Musk. Home na Musk barewa ne mai kyau Sokhondinsky Reserve.

Ina yake? Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da yanayi ajiye aka located a Kudancin Baikal. Siberian Musk deer zaune a wata tsawo na 600-900 mita. Tsalle dabba irin wannan sosai briskly, da kuma iya wani canji a cikin jirgin hanyar tashin 90 °. Yana ciyarwa a kan nazarin sasannin lichens, Pine needles fir da itacen al'ul, horsetail da sauran shuka abinci.

A cikin ƙasa za a iya samu ermine - karamin, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa yi garkuwa musteline. Jiki nauyi da dukan jeri daga 70 zuwa 260g. Ya na da dogon wuya, a triangular kai da kuma zagaye kananan kunnuwa. farin launi a hunturu. Yana ciyarwa a kan kananan hakori, da kuma fi son su rayu kadai. Plot dabbobi delimit ruwa wanda aka saki daga gland. Ermine zaune mafi yawa a burrows, amma ya ba tono su, fifita su zauna cikin gidan da ya kashe hakori. Predator ne sosai jarumi da kuma mashaya jini. A m yanayi, shi zai iya kai farmaki kuma wani mutum, duk da ta size.

A mafi hatsari da yara a ajiye su ja Wolves, wanda ya kasance a cikin iyali na canines. The dabba jiki da manyan tsawon 76-110 cm. Weight 20 kg. Bã su da wani guntu muzzle, high-sa idanu da kuma babban kafa kunnuwa. Launi ja da baki wutsiya. Rayuwa a cikin fakitin 5 ga mutane. A cikin abinci ne hakori da kananan herbivores. Ko da yake a manyan garken iya farautar da manyan mutane. Da yara ba m. Human kauce masa. Saboda yanayin bayar da su sautuna kira "tsarkakewa dutsen Wolves."

Wadannan musamman dabbobi, da rashin alheri, fadi a cikin Red Littãfi. Sokhondinsky ajiye gida fiye da 10 jinsin dabbobi da suke kan gab da nau'i nau'i. A saboda wannan dalili, wasu sassa na yankin ake rufe mutane.

Bayan sama, mun lura ma gophers, woodchucks, mole berayen da gerbils.

tsuntsãye

Akwai fiye da 125 iyalan tsuntsaye. The mazaunan taiga yanki gabatar da kodadde kuma scaly thrush, da launin toka-masu gashi oatmeal, capercaillie, ungulu, mujiya Scops Mujiya. A cikin duwatsu na taiga za a iya samu ptarmigan, dutsen kunya, Accentor, Siberian faifai, pika da sauransu. Kusa da gandun daji tabkuna ne quite babban iri-iri tsuntsaye. Daga cikin su crane, black shamuwa, baki-Loon Grebe, pochard, coot et al.

kifi

Trout zaune a cikin koguna da tabkuna gudãna ruwan sanyi. Tẽku ba ya fita. Saboda babbar kasuwanci darajar sauran raka'a mutane, don haka da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi. Hucho - most jinsuna salmonid iyali. Yana iya zama har zuwa mita 2, kuma ku auna nauyi zuwa 90 kg. Tã game da 20,000 qwai a lokaci guda.

Wani mazaunin kẽɓantacce ne ruwa tare bano. Jikin dogon, roundish, laterally matsa a gefuna. Launi yana da launi na kasar gona da kuma canje-canje da shekaru. Yana zama aiki a matsayin zazzabi rage-rage.

Har ila yau, located a kan site an samu Arctic Grayling, ko rotan golovoshka, Amur Pike da minnow.

shuke-shuke

A Flora sosai arziki da kuma aka wakilta mai tsayi tundra, kananan-Leaved gandun daji, deciduous da dutsen Pine. 923 wakilan mafi girma jijiyoyin bugun gini da aka rajista. Fiye da 71 jinsunan shuke-shuke da fungi a ajiye dauka a karkashin kariya. Saboda irin shuke-shuke, irin catchment glandular, gentian sanyi zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid da chetyrohnadreznogo, albasa odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, wuri mai faɗi zama gaske m.

Gymnosperms wakilta Siberian Pine, da itacen al'ul Elfin itace, Siberian fir, Juniper lozhnokazatskim kuma Siberian spruce. The ajiye ne dake kusa da gandun daji da alaka da itatuwa - shi Gmelin larch (Dahurian) da kuma Siberian.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe da ruwa tare

Wadannan Categories dabbobi ne ba don haka da yawa. Sokhondinsky Reserve - gida patterned mai gudu talakawa copperhead maciji, talakawa maciji, kowa viper da lizard. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun riƙi tushen a cikin wannan ajiye saboda karbuwa ga sauyin yanayi na muhalli.

ruwa tare da dabbobi wakilan ko da kasa. Ko da yake akwai na da tafkunan da yawa, amma da dabbobi da wani sakamako a kan wannan aji na iri. Ga akwai kawai Siberian salamander, Siberian da daji frogs. Wadannan iri uku jerin aka ƙãre ba.

Yadda za a samu da ajiye?

Tourist, ba ziyarci Sokhondinsky ajiye, yadda za a samu akwai, mai yiwuwa ba su sani ba. Domin wannan akwai musamman yawon shakatawa hanyoyi. Fara aka located a kauyen Kyra. A tsawon hanya dogara a kan matakin da kuma ziyarci wurare: daga 3 km zuwa 80 km. Great yin yawo iya daukar wani mako.

Mafi shahara hanya da ake kira "sawu na Pallas". Shi ne daidai kamar da discoverer na hanya Sokolova. Tare da wannan hanya kana bukatar ka je 'yan kwanaki, da kuma tsawon shi ne 70 kilomita. Ya fara da nisin char Sokhondo cikin tsaunuka. A wannan lokaci, matafiya iya kiyaye dukan mi} dutsen latitudes da ƙawa da bambancin Flora da fauna.

Yawon bude ido son wannan hanya Sokhondinsky ajiye Trans-Baikal Abuja. Hotuna da images of wadannan yankunan ne kawai gaske da kuma ta m bambancin. En ga baƙi - wannan shi ne kawai ta rage wani kankanin na dukan ƙasar na ajiye. Akwai kuma wuraren da damar da aka hana. Wannan shi ne jera precautionary gwargwado, kamar yadda rare dabbobi da ake zama kasa da kasa, da kuma ajiye su - wajibi na kowa da kowa.

Idan kana da wani marmarin ziyarci picturesque yankin tare da mai girma iri-iri na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke, da kari a Sokhondinsky Reserve - shi ne manufa bayani. Babu wanda zai iya zama sha'aninsu dabam to irin wannan yanayi.