Vinson - Antarctica tsararru. Description, photos

Rufe har abada kankara, da kuma da farko duba wannan impregnable, na shida nahiyar na duniya da aka gano latest. Duk da cewa Dzheyms Kuk farko haye Antarctic Circle a Janairu 1773, Antarctica ya ba tukuna aka cikakken bincika.

A nan, kamar yadda a kowacce nahiya, yana da kansa "oases" tare da ciyayi, teku, da har ma da Vinson Massif (kula 78,5833 ° kudu latitud, 85,4167 ° W Longitude).

Tarihi na Antarctica

Matsayin mai zaman kanta nahiyar, shi da aka bude a 1820 da Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom, gaba na biyu sauran iyakacin duniya explorers - Nathaniel Palmer for 10 watanni, da kuma Edward Bransfield 3 days.

Bellingshausen da takwaransa Mihailom Lazarevym bai isa Antarctica kawai 32 km. Na farko mutum ya kafa kafar a kan wannan ƙasa, ya ce Dzhon Deyvis, wanda ya iso a nahiyar 07.02.1821 shekara. A farko bincike balaguro aka shirya da United States Navy a 1839. Bisa ga ta da sakamakon, aka sanar da cewa shi ya bude yamma da Antarctica Balleny Islands, kuma ƙasar yankin samu membobinta, aka daga baya suna girmama na Wilkes Land balaguro shugaban. A gaba na iyakacin duniya mai bincike James Clark Ross, a 1841 aka bude tsibirin mai suna bayan shi.

More hankali ga Antarctica da binciken da aka ba a cikin karni na 20th. An fara na karni da ci daga cikin Kudu iyakacin duniya Roald Amundsen a 1911. A 1912 an bi ta Robert Scott, wanda balaguro ne gaba daya rasa a kan hanyar dawo wa na Big Land.

A 1928, na farko jirgin zuwa Antarctica matukin Hubert Wilkins da aka yi, wanda aka dauke quite a feat, idan akai la'akari da matakin na ci gaba jirgin sama a lokacin. Dan Hanya rikodin bai ba sauran su da dama aviators, amma kawai gudanar da Richard E. Byrd da wadannan shekara, to tashi a kan ta Kudu iyakacin duniya.

A postwar shekaru cikakken sikelin-balaguro kafa da kuma gudanar da sake, da Amirkawa daga shekarar 1945 zuwa 1957, a sakamakon shi ne mafi girma a shuka-yarjejeniya McMurdo aka kafa. Soviet iyakacin duniya explorers kafa na farko shiri na zaman lafiya a shekarar 1956 tare da taimakon da crews na biyu jirgin ruwa - "Likitan mata" da "Lena". A hankali, godiya ga masana kimiyya daga kasashe daban-daban na rayuwa da kuma aiki a cikin matsananci yanayi na permafrost, kuma ya iya bude kulle a kan sabon taswirar bay, da tsibiran da babban yankin sanyi capes. Alal misali, duwãtsu na Antarctica zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20th zaci kawai a ka'idar. The hujja da su zama an gabatar a shekarar 1958, a lokacin da suka samu matukin jirgin, yin ya gudu a fadin nahiyar.

Wadannan jarumi mutane sun yi cikakken bayanin irin Antarctic, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na labarin kasa litattafan da kuma kimiyya da ayyukan zamani explorers.

Features Antarctica

Wannan nahiyar maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 13975 thous. Km ^2, waxanda suke da kankara shelves. Akwai wani m mazauna, ba kawai saboda matsananci yanayi ne dace kawai penguins, amma kuma saboda da cewa shi ne kawai cewa, nahiyar ba ya kasance a kowace ƙasa, da kuma lardin da mutãne gabã ɗaya.

Bisa ga yarjejeniyar da aka kulla a shekarar 1961, manyan kasashe, duk duniya sarari located kudu na 60 ° S. w., shi ne free daga ajiye wani makami da kuma shi ne dace kawai kimiyya da bincike. Ko da yake Antarctica ne mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai, Mining su ne ma haramta.

Wannan shi ne mafi girma a nahiyar a duniya, a kan talakawan shi yakan zuwa 2040 m saman teku matakin, da kuma ta tsororuwar - Vinson (tsararru Ellsworth Mountains) ya kai 4892 mita.

A wannan gaba, 99% dauki kankara, da kuma kawai karamin sashi na yankin nasa ne da "Oasis", wanda girma mosses, ferns, lichens da kuma fungi. Ga rayuwa penguins da like.

Babu wanda zai iya yin tsayayya da hunturu sanyi don -89 digiri (a cikin gabashin ɓangare na nahiyar a cikin yankin na Rasha tashar "Vostok"). The talakawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu watanni, da sauran ya kai -70 digiri, da kuma bazara - daga -30 zuwa -50. A Coast, kusan "makõma" kamar yadda a cikin hunturu da zazzabi nan jeri daga -8 to -35 digiri, yayin da a lokacin rani - daga 0 zuwa 5. Description of Antarctica da ta guguwa-karfi iskõki da sanyi ne ɓangaren duniya wuri musamman inhospitable ga matafiya.

A mafi girma dutse a duniya: Mount Everest, kuma Aconcagua

Mountain duniya - ba wai kawai ta yawa da kuma kyakkyawa, amma kuma tarihin samuwar nahiyoyi. A ƙasa, 6 da 7 na nahiyoyi mafi girma kololuwa da aka cinye ta da yaki, kowane a cikin lokaci, daredevils wanda ƙarfin hali wahayi mutane zuwa maimaita su feat.

Ne mafi girma ga dũtse a duniya - Dutsen Everest (Asia), yakan saman teku matakin zuwa 8.848 m Its ci -. Yana matsayin gwaji ne na iyawa ga masu hawa. Sabon shiga ba darkãke ta, a nan ko da dandana masu hawa hadarin mutuwa, don haka dutsen ne matsananci da kusantuwa.

Game da 50 sau da balaguro daga kasashe daban-daban kokarin tãka zuwa saman wani hadari, amma shi gudanar May 29, 1953 New Zilan Edmund Hillary. Bayan ya yi nasara Everest tare da daban-daban tarnaƙi, ba kawai maza amma kuma mata, na farko daga abin da yake da Japan mai hawan duwatsu a 1976

Aconcagua - da mafi dadaddun aman wuta a duniya located in South America. A tsawo daga wannan Argentine "skyscraper" shi ne 6962 mita. Gore ya taso dangane da karo na biyu tectonic faranti - da Nazca da kuma Kudancin Amirka. Daya iya kawai tunanin abin da bala'i tare da irin wannan grandiose matakai miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce. Wannan ganiya ne dace da horo sabon shiga, tun da shi ba a dauke wuya daga ra'ayi na game da hawa dutse. Yana ci da yaki ko da yara.

Dutsen McKinley

Bakwai summits na duniya - wannan ne mafi girma duwãtsu ne mafi girma a kan daya daga cikin nahiyoyi na duniya. McKinley -. A tsororuwar Alaska, tanã fita sama da ƙasa a 6194 m A wani lokaci ya kasance yana da girma ganiya na Rasha Empire, wanda aka kira uncomplicated - Big Mountain. Bayan sayar da ƙasa America, shi ne mafi girma a Arewacin Amirka.

Daga 1917 zuwa 2015, wato dutsen da aka mai suna daya daga cikin shugabannin na Amurka - McKinley, amma sai aka koma zuwa ga asalin sunan Denali, wanda nufi saman Great fassara daga Athabasca harshe ( 'yan kabilar India). An farko nasara a 1906 Frederikom Kukom, wanda aka zarar zargi da gurbata wannan hau. Har yanzu, da rana da masu hawa jayayya ko akwai ya kasance irin dogon-tsaye hawa.

Kilimanjaro

Shahararren Afirka dutsen da aka ma suna kunshe a cikin category na "Bakwai summits na duniya." Located in Tanzaniya, ta ne a kan dukkan matafiya burge. Dubi ta snow hula a tsakiyar zafi Savannah amfani da su zama mai ban mamaki, amma yau da dama da masana kimiyya suna kara ƙararrawa, saboda tsofaffin kankara ne dab steadily saboda sauyin yanayi.

Dutsen Kilimanjaro, Popular su a baya ake yin dusar ƙanƙara kololuwa kewaye yankin, a yau ya rasa ta kankara cover by 80%. Domin da farko lokacin da 5895 mita saman teku matakin, aka ci da yaki da Hans Meyer a cikin m 1889. Ga wani mafari, sanye take da zamani hawa kayan aiki, wannan saman ba wuya, ko da yake hau yawanci yana ƙara saboda matsalolin da acclimatization.

Elbrus

Wannan dutsen ne saba ko da zuwa ga waɗanda basu da abin yi da hawa dutse. Yana da girma ganiya a Turai. An located a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Kabardino-Balkaria da karachay-Cherkessia. Wannan dutsen tsarin a cikin Main Caucasian Ridge. A karo na farko a cikin tsawo na 5642 m lashe Rasha kimiyya balaguro a 1829. Yana hada da wani likita, mai dabbobi, mai botanist, Explorer kuma artist, wanda ba kawai sanya hawan, amma kuma sketched da karatu da tsarin da ciyayi da kuma duwatsu.

A yau akwai da raya yawon shakatawa kayayyakin more rayuwa da asali karbuwa sansanonin, da kuma dutsen da kanta ne a wurin aikin hajji ba kawai hawa amma kuma mai son hawa waɗanda suka yi nasara da ba ko da guda kokuwa.

Bayan nasara kololuwa Elbrus janyo hankalin wasan na, ga abin da hanyoyi na sãɓãwar launukansa wahala da kuma gudanar da slalom gasa da ake shirya a nan a kowace shekara. A da kyau-ta shirya kayayyakin more rayuwa yana sanya bude nan yawon shakatawa tushe a kan wannan matakin da Turai ski mura.

Puncak Jaya

Australia ma yana da wani dutse range, wanda tsororuwar ne ganiya Puncak Jaya (4884 m). Dutsen Jaya a san cewa shi ne mafi girma na tsibirin located. Wasu malaman jayayya da cewa babbar batu na Oceania yana da tsawo na 5030 m.

Ga duniya dutsen bude Dutchman Jan Carstens a 1623. Wannan bincike da aka yi izgili da kimiyya al'umma domin tun da'awa sun gani a gleiser a cikin tropics zuwa ekweita. Daga baya da dutsen da aka bai da sunan, wanda dade har 1965.

Ko da yake shi ya faru don haka da dadewa, karo na farko shi nasara da Austria hawa a shekarar 1962. Koma da asalin sunan a translation daga Indonesian harshen sauti kamar Pobeda ganiya.

Vinson Massif

Mountains na Antarctica - a ci gaba da rufe na kankara. Zai yiwu shi ya sa ba su iya zama sai anjima don gano, amma kawai a rubuce lasafta cewa su ne a kan wannan nahiyar. Wannan kankara ne babbar matsala a cikin hawan su.

Iyãkar ne Vinson - tsararru ne tsayin 21 km da 13 km a fadin. Yana daukan real ƙarfin hali da kuma kwarewa zuwa nasara da wannan wuya saman. A farko ji an sanya Antarctica zafi kuskure (5140 m). Ƙirƙirar m darajar da aka samu kawai a 1980, lokacin da ya Vinson (tsararru) hau Soviet hawa da kuma shigar akwai tutar. A sakamakon ji ya 4892 mita.

ci icebergs

Idan muka dubi tsararru Vinson a kan taswira, kana iya ganin cewa daga cikin Kudu iyakacin duniya shi ne raba ta ne kawai 1200 km. Waɗanda suka yi kasance a kan saman da shi, suka ce cewa shi yayi wani breathtakingly kyau view na kankara, hasken haske rana.

Shi ne ba kawai da most gleiser a duniya, amma kuma mafi wuya ga nasara da dutsen. Vinson Massif watanni shida nutsa cikin iyakacin duniya dare, don haka ya dace ga ci na "rani" zamani daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki yakan zuwa digiri 30 a kasa sifili. Summer sama a kan saman gaba daya cloudless da rana haskakawa a kusa da nan kowane lokaci.

Duk wani kadan Warming na iska, hawa ne sau da yawa hampered da tsananin iska da kuma narke kankara daga zafi rana.

Antarctica a yau

Yau akwai 37 a cikin Antarctic kimiyya tashoshin daga kasashe daban-daban. Masana kimiyya karatu da kankara yanayi, canje-canje a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma kudi na narkewa. Masana kimiyyar halitta da Dabbobi karatu jinsunan iya tsira a cikin matsananci yanayi na permafrost.

Bugu da kari to kimiyya expeditions, tafiya hukumomin tsara Tours matsananci daredevils hawa a Vinson. Tsararru ya zama quite rare hanya kuma shi ne m da masu hawa.