Dutsen Kilimanjaro. Afirka, Dutsen Kilimanjaro. A mafi dutsen a Afirka

Kilimanjaro aman wuta - daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma rare wurare a duniya. Wannan wuri ne na musamman domin dalilai da yawa: kamar huren bayyanar da duwãtsu da bambancin da canjin yanayin, snow glaciers. Kilimanjaro ne m ba kawai tare da yawon bude ido. Akwai aka harbi shahara fina-finai, events a kan dutse ya kafa tushen da mãkirci na almara labaru.

Zo a kan Kilimanjaro na iya zama ta hanyar Kenya ko Tanzania. Wannan shi ne ninki biyu fun - matafiyi ba kawai hadu da majestic dutse, amma kuma don matsahi na saba da al'adu da kuma salon da 'yan asalin yawan wadannan Amirka. Domin Russia, wannan tafiya ne mai kyau, saboda shi ba ya bukatar visa a gaba (ko da yake akwai da visa fee a kan iyaka). Duk da haka, da ƙa'ida - kome idan aka kwatanta da cewa mutane za su gani a kan isowa.

Majestic Dutsen Kilimanjaro

Dutsen Kilimanjaro aka located a Gabashin Afrika. More musamman, shi ne wani dormant aman wuta da za a iya, bisa ga wasu geologists, farkarwa. Kilimanjaro - mafi girma dutse a Afirka. A ganiya batu - 5.895 mita saman teku matakin. Sunan "Kilimanjaro" daga Afirka harshen Swahili za a iya fassara a matsayin "dutsen da glitters." Akwai version cewa sunan ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a saman aman wuta ne snow fari glaciers, yayin da a daya zai iya ganin hali na m wurare masu zafi launuka - hankula Afirka.

Dutsen Kilimanjaro aka located a jihar na Tanzaniya, amma aka located kusa da kan iyakar Kenya. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, a kusa da shi akwai wani sauran duwãtsu, shi ne ba wani ɓangare na wani yanki tsarin. Kuma saboda da dutsen ne musamman m domin yawon bude ido zuwa nan a hanyoyi da dama domin sha'awan da majestic Dutsen Kilimanjaro, tanã fita bango na wurare masu zafi da filayen. Marubuci Ernest Hemingway kira dutsen fadi kamar yadda duniya, wata babbar, high, da kuma unbelievably fari a rana.

Yadda aka dutsen

Kilimanjaro, da mafi dutsen a Afirka, yana da wani shekaru na game da shekaru miliyan biyu da. Yana da aka kafa a lokacin volcanic matakai: daga ƙasar lawa gudana daga, shi solidifies, sa'an nan akwai sabon yadudduka na wani shigowa. A daban-daban lokaci na Duniya ta ciki aiki kafa kololuwa cewa yin up Kilimanjaro: Kibo (tsakiya, sosai matasa shekaru), Mawenzi (gabas) da kuma Shira (Western, mafi tsufa). A Kibo aman wuta bakin dutse ne 2.5 km. Bugu da kari, ganiya - kadai wanda aka located sama da dusar ƙanƙara-rufe dutsen yankin. Kibo kama wani m m mazugi. Wannan shi ne mafi girma ganiya da Kilimanjaro dutsen tsawo wannan saman kai sama da matakin nuna a cikin 5895 m gangara na aman wuta dauke da babban yawan kananan volcanic Cones (diamita - a cikin kilometer) .. A bakin dutse Kibo ci gaba da tsayawa volcanic gas.

Biota

Kilimanjaro, mafi girma dutse a Afirka, shi ne ban sha'awa domin ta gida sauyin yanayi. Lokacin da tekun Indiya iska talakawa zo nan, dutsen Yanã shiryar da su up. Cloud kafa, daga abin da ruwan sama da dama, ko snow (irin hazo ya dogara da tsawo na girgije). Kilimanjaro yana da dama climatic zones, wanda aka sanaki wani iri-iri iri na Flora da fauna.

A kan ƙananan gangara na aman wuta girma amfanin gona. A game da 2 km tafi suna maye gurbinsu da na wurare masu zafi gandun daji. Bayan wani rabin kilomita up fi yawa Heather, lichens, ciyawa, hali na mai tsayi yankunan. Inda dusar ƙanƙara farawa zuwa rayuwa manyan dabbobi - Buffaloes, damisa.

Shawo Kilimanjaro mutum

Mutane fara samun amfani da yanzu almara aman wuta kawai a cikin XIX karni. Hujjar cewa a Afirka, akwai wani mai aman wuta, a wani wuri inda Dutsen Kilimanjaro aka located, ya shaida wa duniya a 1848, da Jamusanci fasto Johannes Rebman. A 1881, Count shãnu haura zuwa 2500 mita high, a cikin shekara - a 4200 mita, da kuma a 1883 - at 5270 m, a 1889, biyu masu bincike daga Turai, da Jamus Hans Meyer da kuma Austria Ludwig Purtsheler, da farko ya kai Kilimanjaro ganiya .. A saman Mawenzi, duk da haka, ya dade unconquered. Kawai a 1912 da Turai climbers gudanar ya kafa kafar a kan shi.

Popular hawa hanyoyi

Yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya mafarki na ziyartar Kilimanjaro. A mafi dutsen a Afirka shi ne wuce yarda da m for tuddai, duka biyu professionals kuma mai son masu goyon baya na hawan tudu. Akwai da dama rare hawa hanyoyi, wadannan wanda, za ka iya hawa Kilimanjaro. Kowace daga cikinsu mai suna guda kamar yadda kuma suna located a farkon hanyar location. Daya daga cikin mafi rare hanya fara a kauyen Marangu. A cewar wasu masu hawa da kuma hikers, shi ne, ba wuya a Master, ko da sabon shiga. Gaskiya, bisa ga matafiya, akwai wani kuma baya da sakamako - a kan hanya iya zama manya-manyan yawan mutane a lokaci guda. A hanya ta fara a kauye na Masham, an yadu a matsayin mafi kyau. Amma da yake ba dace da kowa da kowa, amma kawai ga wadanda suka ba da matsaloli tare da acclimatization zuwa dutsen sauyin yanayi.

A mafi wuya hanya yana farawa a kauyen Umbwe. Shi ne dace kawai sana'a nasara daga dutse fi. Idan yawon shakatawa shi ne sha'awar a dutsen bike, to, shi ne mai yiwuwa a kokarin da hanya farko a kauyen Shira. Ga masoya sha'awan da kyau na halitta ya dace hanya fara a kauyen Rongai. A hanya, wanda ya wuce ta wani yanki inda shi ne sosai ba safai mutane, inda hali da aka yi wahayi a cikin adonsa fara a cikin kauyen Loytokitok.

Kilimanjaro movie

Kilimanjaro aman wuta, wanda shi ne wani m kewayon Flora da fauna, wanda aka cika da halitta mai ban mamaki kyakkyawa, ba zai je kada a gane ta yan fim. Domin da yawa 'yan fim, musamman Hollywood, Dutsen Kilimanjaro, wanda aka gane ta photo ko da ba tare da sa hannu da bayani - wani wuri cewa, a kai kusan suna fiye da, misali, da mutum-mutumi na Liberty a New York ko Eiffel Tower a Paris.

Za mu iya tuna da fina-finan halitta da kasashen waje kera, wanda tashi a kan dutsen baki Spaceships. Za mu iya tuna yadda Lara Croft aka kallon dutsen mai Pandora ta akwatin. A sanannun gaskiya sosai - game da Kilimanjaro rayu Pride, karkashin jagorancin Sarki Leo.

Kilimanjaro a cikin adabi

Girman Kilimanjaro da aka kama da kuma zukatan daga cikin shahararrun marubuta. Mafi shahara da wallafe-wallafen aikin dangantaka da aman wuta - da gajeren labarin "The Snows na Kilimanjaro," da aka rubuta da Ernest Hemingway. An farko da aka buga a mujallar Esquire a 1936. A mãkirci na labarin - tafiya marubuci Garri Smita a Afirka. Marubuci ya tafi a kan safari. Akwai, Harry sha wahala a setback - ya aka harbe a kafar da kuma aka kamu da gangrene. Shi da matarsa Ellen zaune a cikin wani tanti a gindin Kilimanjaro. Harry sau da yawa reminisces game da rayuwarsa, game da yaki. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami amsoshin falsafa tambayoyi - for wanda ya rayu, abin da mai kyau ya aikata, shi. Kamuwa gangrene ne m, kuma Garri Smit mutu. Bisa labarin da wannan sunan da aka yin fim movie.

hawa Features

Duk da cewa mafi girman dutsen Kilimanjaro ya ba su iya sallama zuwa ga mutãne, a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni, a yau hawa shi iya, watakila, wani mutum wanda ba fuskantar numfashi matsaloli a cikin duwatsu da kuma bambanci iska matsa lamba. Hawa Dutsen Kilimanjaro, kamar yadda muka gani da wasu yawon bude ido, a kan wasu hanyoyi da shi na iya kai kawai 'yan sa'o'i. Alal misali, wani dan wasa Kilian Zhorne Burgada na Catalunya yawaita saman aman wuta domin 5 hours 23 da minti.

Hakika, ke bi irin wannan sakamako untrained mutum ba zai iya iya, amma ka sadu da rana ne yiwu. Hikers kuma mai son yawon bude ido, ko da kuwa da hanya zaba, zai ga wani musamman hoto: a kan mayẽwa, na game da bakwai jũna climatic zones - Equatorial, sa'an nan subequatorial, bi da wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical, wadannan - da tsakaitãwa, kuma daga karshe, sub-iyakacin duniya da kuma ko da iyakacin duniya.

A glaciers na Kilimanjaro

Dutsen Kilimanjaro ne ban sha'awa, domin shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan wurare a Afirka, inda akwai snow ko a lokacin rani. A saman aman wuta akwai sararin iri-iri na fari. Amma, shi ba har ma da dusar ƙanƙara da glaciers. Mun geologists masana kimiyya da ka'idar cewa kankara cover na aman wuta iya zarar bace. Masu bincike sun rubuce cewa, a cikin farkon karni na ashirin, yankin na glaciers fara samun koma baya. A daya daga cikin bincike takardunku ya kiyasta cewa har zuwa 85% daga 1912 zuwa 2007, sikelin da rage - daga 12 murabba'in kilomita to 2. Bisa ga binciken, rage ba kawai a yankin, amma har da kauri daga cikin kankara. Daya dalilin wannan Jihar harkokin ake kira da gurbacewar muhalli da kuma, a sakamakon dumamar yanayi. Muhalli tsõron cewa da zarar glaciers narke, shi zai daina sami halitta abinci mai gina jiki da dama dutsen koguna da zai iya yi wa lahani da yanayin kasa a yankin da dutsen. Akwai wani version cewa ya ce glaciers har yanzu barga. Ya dogara ne a kan kalmomi na gida mazauna wanda ba su yi dũbi ba a bayyane canje-canje a cikin fari inuwõyi na aman wuta. A daidai wannan lokaci da zaman lafiyar na glaciers, kamar yadda wasu masu bincike yi imani iya taimaka wa ci gaba da dasa itatuwa a kusa da Kilimanjaro. Saboda wannan, da tasiri na da xumamar duniya ya rage. Kuma shuka itatuwa sha ruwa daga girgije cewa kewaye da dutsen, feed, game da shi Muciya kasa.

ban sha'awa facts

• Tsororuwar Kilimanjaro (tsawo daga cikin dutse, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani - 5.895 mita) - a ganiya na Ukhta. Wannan adadi - mai rikodin ga Afirka, da duwãtsu, kuma ta huɗu a duniya.
• A karshe shigowa na aman wuta dutsen Kilimanjaro da aka dubu 100. Shekaru da suka wuce.
• Mountain aka located dama a kan iyakar kasashen biyu - Kenya da Tanzania. Kuma waɗanda yawon bude ido da suke so wajen hawa Kilimanjaro, kamata fitar zuwa dutsen ne daga Tanzania - bisa ga yarjejeniyar tsakanin kasashen biyu.
• A farko tarihi ambaci Kilimanjaro koma zuwa II karni AD. e.
• Cash receipts daga cikin kungiyar kasashen waje yawon bude ido yin yawo a kan Dutsen Kilimanjaro - daya daga cikin yanayi na kwanciyar hankali da tattalin arziki na kasar Tanzania. Akwai shaida da cewa Kilimanjaro da aka ziyarci by game da dubu 40. Per shekara. A kan talakawan, kowane yawon shakatawa ciyarwa a kasar na fiye da 1 da dubu. $.

Kenya ko Tanzaniya?

Tambayar farko da ya tambaye ta yawon bude ido shirin tafiya zuwa Kilimanjaro: Ina ne wannan dutsen? Amsa: geographically - a Tanzania. Amma akwai wani zaɓi a cikin abin da samun damar zuwa wannan ban mamaki wuri da kuma na iya zama ta hanyar Kenya. Mene ne bambance-bambance, amfani ko rashin amfani tafiya ta musamman kasar? A cewar wasu masana da yawon shakatawa da kuma yawon bude ido da kansu, a Kenya, a gaban hotel kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma ayyuka.

Akwai version cewa shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kasar Kenya suna yafi janyo hankalin zuwa binciken da harshen Turanci fiye da na makwabta. Kuma saboda sadarwar da su ne sauki ga 'yan kasashen waje. A shekarar 1977, Tanzania sanya wani ƙoƙari na karba babban rafi na yawon bude ido zuwa Kilimanjaro wa kansa, rufe da kan iyaka da kasar Kenya. Amma kome ya faru, da riba da aka ba su isa ba. Border bude. Saka idanu akan wasu yawon bude ido, Tanzanians - mutane ne mafi m da kuma saurare zuwa na yau da kullum tattaunawa. A Kenya ma businesslike kuma m.