South America: shuke-shuke da dabbobi da zauna da shi

South America ... Tsire-tsire da dabbobi na wannan yankin da ƙarni jawo hankalin da hankali. Yana gida a babbar dama musamman dabbobi da Flora aka wakilta wani da gaske sabon abu shuke-shuke. Abu ne mai wuya a duniya a yau, za ka iya saduwa da wani mutum wanda ba zai yi amince da su je a kan wannan nahiyar a kalla sau daya a rayuwa.

Janar bayanin irin Gwargwadon

A gaskiya ma, babbar nahiyar kira South America. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna kuma bambancin, amma suna, bisa ga masana, shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da yanayin wuri da kuma halaye na da samuwar ta duniya surface.

A nahiyar an wanke da ruwa a garesu na Pacific da kuma Atlantic tekuna. Babban ɓangare na da ƙasa da aka located a kudancin yammancin duniya na duniya. ɓangaren duniya dangane North America faru a cikin Pliocene epoch na samuwar da Isthmus of Panama.

A Andes ne seismically aiki dutsen tsarin, mikewa tare yammacin gefen nahiyar. Don gabas da kunya gudanar da most kogin na Amazon, da kuma kusan dukan yankin rufe da shuke-shuke Equatorial gandun daji na Kudancin Amirka.

Daga cikin sauran nahiyoyi, wannan daukan 4th wuri a yankin da kuma 5th wuri a cikin yawan al'ummar jihar. Akwai iri biyu daga cikin bayyanar mutane a yankin. Zai yiwu shiri ya faru a fadin Bering ƙasar gada, ko da farko mutane zo daga Kudu Pacific.

M fasali na gida sauyin yanayi

South America - da wettest babban yankin duniya da shida sauyin yanayi zones. Don arewa ne subequatorial bel da kuma kudu sanya subequatorial, na wurare masu zafi, subtropical da temperate canjin yanayin. A arewa maso yammacin tekun da filayen kwarinta na Amazon high zafi da kuma wani Equatorial sauyin yanayi.

Daga cikin Equatorial zone zuwa arewa da kuma kudu sanya subequatorial yankin inda madadin Equatorial iska talakawa irin bazara tare da babban ruwan sama da wurare masu zafi bushe iska a hunturu. A yanayin a cikin tropics rinjayi da cinikin iskõki a gabas. Shi ne mafi yawa gumi da kuma zafi. A cikin tsakiyar ruwan sama ne kasa, amma ƙara da bushe hunturu.

A Pacific Coast da kuma yammacin gangara (tsakanin 5 ° da kuma 30 ° S. W.) Shin bushe wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi zone tare da mafi ƙasƙanci zazzabi. Cold ruwa ya kwarara Peru ruwan sama hana samuwar kuma form hazo. A nan ne mafi m hamada a duniya - Atacama. A kudancin kasar Brazil tsaunuka, dake cikin wani subtropical zone, wani gumi subtropical sauyin yanayi, kusa da cibiyar na nahiyar shi ne zama drier.

A cikin Pacific Coast aka mamaye a subtropical Rum sauyin yanayi tare da bushe da zafi lokacin bazaar, kuma m rigar winters. Domin Kudancin nahiyar ma hankula temperate sauyin yanayi, halin bambanci. A kan gabar yammacin shi ne temperate Maritime irin tare da wani ruwa da sanyi kuma lokacin bazaar, kuma dumi winters. A gabas da sauyin yanayi ne temperate nahiyar: lokacin bazaar ne dumi da kuma bushe, da kuma hunturu, conversely, sanyi. A yanayi na Andes ne high-tsawo sauyin yanayi karba-karba.

Conditionality na gida Flora

Idan ka tambayi masana, abin da shuke-shuke a kudancin Amirka, sun fi na kowa, da za ka iya samu a kusa da wannan amsar: "The mafi daban-daban! Kuma mafi yawansu suna zahiri ba samu a ko'ina kuma a duniya. "

Flora ci gaba ya fara a cikin Mesozoic zamanin, kuma tun da zurfi na zamani, aka gaba daya ware daga sauran ƙasashe. Godiya ga wannan Kudu American shuke-shuke da irin wannan iri-iri da suke mashahuri domin su endemism.

Mutane da yawa zamani al'adu Flora samo asali a kudancin Amirka, daya daga cikinsu shi ne sananne da dankalin turawa. Amma da koko itace, roba shuka Hevea, cinchona yanzu girma da kuma a kan sauran nahiyoyi.

A nahiyar, masana rarrabe Neotropical da Antarctic floristic yankin. Na farko shi ne kama da Flora na Afirka, da kuma na biyu - da Flora na Antarctica, New Zealand da kuma Australia. Duk da wannan, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin daban na ciyayi da kuma nau'in abun da ke ciki. Domin da hankula Afirka Savannah da kuma wurare masu zafi rainforests (selvasy) fi yawa a kudancin Amirka. Wadannan gandun daji yankunan an rufe tare da Equatorial sauyin yanayi da kuma gangara na Brazil da Guiana tsaunuka daga Atlantic.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauyin yanayi gandun daji fasalin cikin Savannah. A Brazil savannas (campos) kunshi yafi na grassy ciyayi. A Venezuela da Guiana savannas (llanos), ban da hatsi, da itatuwan giginya. A Brazil tsaunuka, kuma da Flora hali na Savannah, akwai nau'in da suke resistant zuwa fari. North East Highland aiki Caatinga wakiltar rare itace daga itatuwa fari m. A rigar ɓangare na kudu-maso-gabas an rufe tare da subtropical gandun daji da kuma wakilan Araucariaceae undergrowth, ciki har da Paraguay shayi. Tu cikin tsaunuka na Andes ne ƙasa da dutsen-yashe wurare masu zafi greenery. A tsirin shi ne subtropical nau'in bautar wani karamin yanki na nahiyar.

Rufe gabashin filayen La Plata kunshi yafi na ciyawa da herbaceous shuke-shuke (gashin tsuntsu ciyawa, bearded fescue) da kuma na biyu da irin Flora Kudancin Amirka. Wannan subtropical steppe ko pampa. Kusa da Brazil tsaunuka steppe shuke-shuke a hade tare da shrubs. Domin da Pacific Coast ne halin da thickets na Evergreen shrubs.

The m tsirin m Patagonian matakan da Semi-Hamada na temperate latitudes (blue ciyawa, murtsunguwa, mimosa, da dai sauransu). Its bambancin bambanta matsananci kudu maso yammacin nahiyar, ya rufe tare da tiered Evergreen gandun daji na conifers kuma hardwoods.

cinchona

Idan wani nahiyar da kuma shi ne iya mamaki har ma da gogaggen matafiyi, don haka shi ne a kudancin Amirka. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi nan da gaske m. Kadai cinchona daraja.

Af, shi ya zama shahararren ga curative Properties na ta haushi, wanda da mazauni aka bi da tare da zazzabin cizon sauro. Mai suna bayan matar itacen Halĩfa na Peru, warke a 1638 na zazzabi na cinchona haushi.

A tsawo daga cikin itace ya kai 15 mita, m Evergreen ganye, da kuma a iyakar da rassan suna tattara inflorescences na ruwan hoda ko fararen furanni. A duka kambi na da m ya dafa. Curative kawai itace haushi. Yanzu da ake kira tsinhona kara a wasu sassa na duniya.

cakulan itãciya

A wurin haifuwa na cacao itace ne Kudancin Amirka. Its tsaba suna amfani dasu don yin cakulan, Saboda haka sunan.

Domin wadannan irin iri ne yanzu horar da a ko'ina cikin duniya. The itacen ya kai wani tsawo na 8 mita, da kuma ma yana da manyan duhu kore ganye da kuma kananan ruwan hoda da kuma fararen furanni, ya tattara a cikin inflorescences.

Flowering da fruiting duk shekara zagaye. Ripening 'ya'yan aka samu daga 4 zuwa 9 months. A rayuwa span daga wata itãciya - 25-50 shekaru.

hevea brasiliensis

Musamman itacen, wanda shi ne tushen halitta roba, wanda aka dauke a cikin Milky ruwan 'ya'yan itace (latex). Latex da aka samu a dukan sassa na roba shuka.

Wannan Evergreen itace har zuwa mita 30 da wani mike akwati kauri har zuwa 50 cm da wani haske ɓawon burodi. Bar coriaceous, trifoliate, Tapered, m-dimbin yawa tufts, da kuma tattara a iyakar rassan.

da ganye suna canza a kowace shekara. Species ne monoecious shuka da unisexual furanni tare da kananan fari da rawaya furanni, ya tattara a cikin sauki inflorescences. A 'ya'yan itace da baki tsaba ovate wakiltar tricuspid akwatin.

South American dabbobi

A cikin babban yankin, sanaki yawa rare da kuma ban sha'awa jinsunan Flora. Wadannan sun hada da sloths, armadillos, vicunas, alpacas da sauran. American Jiminai da Rhea sun samu mafaka a Pampa, kuma like da penguins rayuwa a cikin sanyi kudu.

Miyagun giant kogin kunkuru ake samu a Galapogosskih Pacific Islands. Dabbobin da yawa ba za a iya samu a sauran nahiyoyi. Alal misali, telmatobius culeus, flightless grebes da Pudu barewa.

Dukan dabbobi da cewa rayuwa, a kudancin Amurka, an saba da yanayi mai wahala da.

potto

Animal son zuma, domin abin da aka kira "kinkajou", wanda fassara a matsayin "zuma bear". Amma kinkajou ba kama da beyar, kuma nasa ne da iyali na rekun.

A tsawon dabba - daga 43 zuwa 56 cm, dan kadan bulging idanu m, zagaye kai da kuma kunnuwa. A gashi ne lokacin farin ciki da takaice, launin ruwan kasa a baya, kuma a kan ciki kadan m. A baya na mutane da yawa ne mai duhu stripe.

Bayan zuma, shi Ciyarwar a shuke-shuke, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kwari da kuma kananan dabbobi, ba squeamish qwai da kuma kajin. Wannan nocturnal dabbobi ne Kadaitaccen, ya gana da dangi kawai ga haifuwa.

spectacled bear

Abin da dabbobi a kudancin Amirka, ya ja hankalin? Spectacled Bear, ba shakka! Allah bã Ya son bude yankunan da rãyukansu, a cikin dutsen gandun daji. The dabba weighs 140 kg, tsawon - 1.8 m, tsawo a bushe - 80 cm.

Kusa da idanu da kuma hanci ne fari ko m aibobi. Su ne wani lokacin a kan kirji. Fur m baki ko brownish tint. The idanu ne zagaye, kananan size. Paws dogon tare da babban fika for digging da ƙasa. A wasu beyar, akwai 14 nau'i-nau'i daga hakarkarinsa, yayin da maki - kawai 13. Yana ciyarwa, yafi a kan shuka abinci ko kananan kwari da kuma kananan dabbobi.

Yana da wani nocturnal dabba gina tsari da itatuwa da kuma hunturu, kada hibernate. dabba gabobin amfani da magani, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa adadinsu ya hanzari ragewa. The dabba da aka jera a matsayin miyagun.

jaguarundis

Wannan kananan predator felines kama so ko cat. Jaguarundis jiki yana da dogon (game da 60 cm) daga gajerun kafafu, zagaye kananan shugaban tare da triangular kunnuwa. Bushe tsawo ya kai 30 cm, nauyi: - har zuwa 9 kg.

Ulu uniform launi launin toka, ja ko m-kasa-kasa launi, ba wakiltar kasuwanci darajar. An samu a gandun daji, savannas da dausayi.

Yana ciyarwa a kan kwari, kananan dabbobi, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Jaguarundis zaune da ke farauta ita kadai, ya gana da wasu mutane kawai ga haifuwa.

Ga wani ta, sabon abu, mai ban mamaki, atawa da kuma m South America, da shuke-shuke da dabbobi da su ne sosai rare ba kawai daga masana kimiyya, haxe da rayuwarsu ne wajen nazarin nahiyar, amma kuma m yawon bude ido da suke so su gano wani sabon abu.