Asalin da haraji tsarin a Rasha: da zabe haraji

A gabatarwar da zabe haraji a Rasha an haɗa da sunan Peter Mai girma. Duk da haka, wannan nau'i na haraji wanzu da da ewa kafin ta bayyana a kasar mu, a kan ƙasa na zamanin d Roma, kuma daga baya - a da yawa kasashen Turai, kuma an soke a cikin marigayi 19th karni bayan gabatarwar sabon kudin shiga da haraji siffofin.

A 1724: duniya ƙidaya, wanda bai shiga cikin limaman Kirista da kuma nobility aka kammala a Rasha. Bisa ga sakamakon taron da aka ƙaddara haraji, wanda a yanzu yana da za a biya ta dukan mutanen kasar, ciki har da jarirai da kuma tsofaffi. The zabe haraji - musamman nau'i na haraji levied a kan wasu mutane a cikin kasar a cikin ni'imar da jihar taskar. Ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan wani haraji (ko haraji fayil) wanzu a Rasha tun da 15th karni, daga biyan shi ma Ban ministocin majami'u da kuma mafi girman galihu azuzuwan.

A cikin kaka na 1718 da Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus da Great bukaci tattara Revizsky "hikaya", da cewa shi ne da za su gudanar da wani ƙidaya duk namiji jama'ar na kasar. "Hikaya" a lokacin da ake kira na musamman da takardun a cikin abin da biyu nuna sakamakon kidayar. Wannan daftarin aiki furta da bayanan sirri na mai shi daga cikin yadi, da kuma wasu 'yan iyalinsa (larabci ba, sunan, patronymic, ranar haihuwa). Tattara bayanan rajista maza "tãtsũniyõyin" a birane da aka tsunduma a da wakilan majalisar birnin a cikin karkara - kauyen kai, gidan haya ko su manajoji. Revizsky "hikaya" compulsorily tsaftacewa, a cikin lokaci tsakanin su da tarin waya riƙewa rashi ko gaban mutum a wurin zama. Idan wani mutum ya bace, da dalilai (mutuwa, kuɓuta, sojojin sabis). All m tsaftacewa bi bayan tarin "Tatsũniyõyi ne" by. Kawai sa, mutum zai iya mutuwa, shi da iyalansa ya biya shi to tambaya ga wadannan shekara bayan mutuwa. Irin wannan tsarin na ƙidaya a yarda jihar don inganta haraji tarin da kuma kyau tsabar kudi a kan abin da ake kira "matattu rayuka".

Kaddamar a 1718 da ƙidaya aka kammala kawai a 1724, game da miliyan biyar mutane da aka kidaya a sakamakon ta hali (shawa). Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa zabe haraji, ya gabatar da Bitrus da girma, yana daya kawai manufa - don tattara kudi daga jama'a a kan abun ciki na mataki na Rasha sojojin. A farko kudi na haraji daidaita 80 kopecks a kowace shekara da iyali (namiji), a cikin wadannan shekaru shi ya ragu zuwa 74 aninai. Tsohon Muminai da biya biyu cikin kudi na zabe haraji kafin watan Julin 1782, saboda abin da talakawa mutane Kwafa su "dvoedanami". Har 1775 da m aji aka bukata biya haraji a kan wani par tare da wasu, sai ga su da aka gabatar tare da data kasance sha'awa zargin a cikin babban birnin kasar dukiya.

A hankali a hankali karuwa a gwamnatin bayar wa ba zai shafi adadin haraji levied a kan sauki yawan jama'a. By 1794 da zabe haraji karu zuwa daya ruble. Tun tsakiyar karni na 19th, da haraji kudi ya zama gaba daya dogara a kan wurin zama na payer. aka bukata biya jihar birane mazauna a kowace shekara sallama ga adadin 2 rubles 61 kopecks. Poll haraji kauyen da aka ta da wannan lokaci 1 ruble 15 kopecks.

Don da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, irin wannan haraji shi ne babban tushen jihar kudaden shiga. Tare da gabatarwar kaikaitaccen haraji (ƙarin biya zuwa farashin for kaya ko ayyuka), da muhimmancin domin gyaran jihar baitul rage muhimmanci. A 1863 ya aka tsaya tattara da zabe haraji zuwa tsakiyar aji (ƙananan birane azuzuwan) da kuma taron (sana'a, artists,] alibai da mataimakansa) an kusan a kan dukan ƙasar da Rasha Empire (sai dai Siberia da kuma Bessarabia).

Manyan jama'a bashi zuwa jihar, da wuya daga cikin tarin haraji, sun ɓatar da gaskiyar cewa a 1887 da zabe haraji a Rasha daina wanzuwa. A togiya ya Siberia, inda da haraji da aka levied a kan yawan har da farkon karni na ashirin.