Stock mu'amala da tarihin su bayyanar

Stock mu'amala ne da wani nau'i na musaya da samar da ayyuka ga ciniki hannun jari, shaidu da sauran Securities. Sun kuma samar da yanayi na jeri kuma repurchase ãdalci Securities da kuma sauran kudi kida, ko biyan albashi da kuma dividends.

Duk wani canji dole ne a rubuta a cikin tsari. A baya can, suka located da farko a cikin cibiyoyin manyan birane, amma a yau cinikayya da aka samun kasa hade da wani jiki wuri. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai mutane da yawa zamani kasuwanni ne lantarki networks, wanda da waɗansu abũbuwan amfãni a sharuddan na gudu da kuma rage kudin da ma'amaloli. Domin ya yi aiki da kasuwar jari ya samuwa, dole ne ka zama memba.

Market Securities dauki ƙarni, saboda haka ya iya ci gaba a cikin wani zamani a jihar. A ra'ayin na shan kudi a cikin bashin Dates baya ga tsoho duniya, kamar yadda evidenced har ma da Mesopotamian lãka Allunan tare da records da sha'awa-qazanta rance. A ranar, da ra'ayoyin malamai an rarraba kamar yadda ya sa'ad da na farko da ya fara daga fatauci ne, kamfanoni hannun jari. Wasu yi imani da cewa key taron da aka kafuwar Dutch Gabas India Company a 1602, yayin da wasu nuna a baya events.

Alal misali, a cikin Roman Jamhuriyar, wanda ya wanzu da ƙarni kafin shela da daular dauki wuri societates publicanorum - kungiyar na kwangila ko sufurin wanda ya yi gina haikalin da kuma sauran ayyuka na gwamnatin. Wata irin wannan sabis da aka ciyar da geese a Capitol Hill (as wata ijãra ne, watau. Don. The tsuntsaye suka yi sauti yi musu gargaɗi da Romawa na Gallic mamayewa a 390 BC. E.). Members na wadannan kungiyoyi sun hannun jari, jigon wanda aka bayyana dattaku da kuma orator Cicero. Wadannan "stock musayar" (ko kuma wajen da tsoho prototypes) da aka rasa a zamanin da Sarkin sarakuna, kamar yadda mafi yawan dukiya canjawa wuri zuwa jihar.

Jarin da ciniki a karo na farko ya bayyana a cikin Italian birane a marigayi tsakiyar zamanai da farkon Renaissance. A 1171, da hukumomi na Venetian Jamhuriyar, damu game da tsautsayi taskar, ya fara aikatawa tilasta aro daga 'yan ƙasa. Irin biya, da aka sani da Prestiti, da wani m balaga kuma ya yi alkawarin ramuwa a cikin adadin kashi 5 cikin dari na adadin a cikin shekara. Da farko, da suka ze m, amma daga baya ya zo a matsayin mai muhimmanci da zuba jari da za a iya sayi da sayar. A bond kasuwa ya fara girma.

Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da karshen, stock kasuwanni sun samo asali hankali. Game da cinikayya da yarjejeniyar da suka shafi cikin rabo na dukiya a kan hannun jari, sau da yawa da aka ambata a farkon 13th karni, kuma yafi a Italiya. Duk da haka, irin wannan yarjejeniyar an kullum amfani da kawai zuwa kananan kungiyar na mutane da kuma ƙarasa da wata iyaka lokaci, misali, da tafiya.

Wadannan kasuwanci sababbin abubuwa ƙarshe koma daga Italiya zuwa arewacin Turai. By karshen 16th karni, English fatake ya riga ya hada kai tare da kamfanin, tsara aiki na dundundun. A 18th karni stock mu'amala ne ba yawa daban-daban daga yau.

Babban abin yabo daga wadannan kungiyoyi ne cewa ba su bukatar babbar birnin kasar kashe kudi su zuba jari a hannun jari. Yana bada damar daidaita da su zuba jari duka biyu ƙanana da manyan masu zuba jari - wani mutum ya sayayya a yawan hannun jari wanda zai iya iya. Haka kuma, a yau akwai da yawa irin wadannan kamfanoni - Currency kuma Stock Exchange, nan gaba, da dai sauransu ...