Sudan ciyawa: namo fasaha, iri rate, iri da kuma nazarin halittu siffofin

Sudan ciyawa (ko Sudan dawa, Sudan ciyawa) - high-samar da gwaggwabar riba amfanin gona. Ya ke tsiro a manufa yanayi har zuwa uku mita, forming daya daga cikin tushen 120 ga mai tushe. Tare da ta dace dabarun noma na namo bada rikodin shekara-shekara ciyawa tsakanin forage amfanin gona. A cikin nau'i na silage, hay, sabo-yanke kore taro, shi da ake amfani da fattening na shanu.

Sudan ciyawa: nazarin halittu siffofin

Sorghum sudanense nasa ne da HALITTAR Sorghum. Strong fibrous tushen tsarin zai iya girma da 2.5 m a cikin zurfin da fadin 75 cm. Glabrous cylindrical kara cika fari spongy parenchyma. Ba duk iri ne high. Akwai kuma m shuka tsawo kasa da mita da kananan (har zuwa 12 harbe) da kuma matsakaici (12-25) tillering. Daban-daban iri da kuma siffar daga cikin daji:

• Kafa.
• Recumbent.
• Sunã mãsu zaman ginciri.
• Sprawling.
• Slaboraskidistye.

A fĩfĩta beveling slaboraskidistye karkata zuwa ga gaskiya bushes, don haka kasar Sudan dawa da wadannan halaye ne ya fi kowa. A yammacin sahara, shi ke tsiro sosai high Sudan ciyawa, a photo wanda shi ne mai ban mamaki. A Rasha sau da yawa fiye da m horar da iri da ciyawa Mironovskaya 8, 12, 100 Kinelsky, Aida, Hercules 3 Chernomorka, Volgogradskaia 77 Azimuth Brodskaya 2} ir} iro 151 Severyanka, Novosibirsk 84 Kamyshinskaya 51 Zonalskaya 6 da sauransu.

sinadirai Properties

Sudan ciyawa kamar yadda hay kuma ganye ne mai kyau abinci na gina jiki. A kore gina jiki taro - 3%, da furotin da - 4.4% sugars - 7,9-9,1%. Sudan ciyawa advantageously gauraye da legumes, musamman - alfalfa. Irin wannan garwayayye ne mafi cikakken tare da alli, furotin, nitrogen-free ciro abubuwa. Yawan m kore taro, da juriya ga waje kiwo da kuma ikon girma da sauri (a lokacin kakar - 4-5 sau) sa Sudan daya daga cikin mafi kyau makiyaya ciyawa.

A da sinadirai masu inganci na hay dogara ne a kan mowing lokaci. Idan nõmansa a buttonhole lokaci na samfurin ajiye mai yawa raw gina jiki - 14-16%. Ko da more gina jiki (14,2-18,9%) ne kiyaye idan yanka Sudan ciyawa a booting lokaci. Silage bada shawarar girbi a lokacin da hatsi da aka zuba. Af, silage nutritionally m ga masara.

A fasaha na namo Sudan ciyawa

Domin shuka tsaba a mafi kyau duka precursors ne kayan lambu, hatsi da amfanin gona (musamman hunturu). M pre-aiki na weeds. Siberian Research Institute karatu sun nuna cewa a cikin yanayi na gandun daji-steppe nagari iri amfanin ƙasa ke samu bayan da tururi samuwar Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana, masara.

Yana da muhimmanci a yi wa gona, shan la'akari da irin da kuma tsarin karba-karba. M dukan asali magani ne da za'ayi a cikin kaka. Wannan zai taimaka wa ciyad da ƙasa danshi lingering kaka ruwa sama sosai da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. A yammacin Siberia (steppe zone) a cikin kaka zurfin (25 cm) kunyoyin gona a spring don kiyaye danshi a cikin biyu waƙoƙi ne karu-hakori Harrow. Jeri, kuma mirgina filayen sãka wamãkirci kafin da kuma bayan dasa samar da m harbe.

Da ban da dausayi zuwa kasar gona ba wuya Sudan ciyawa. Halittu fasali samar da mai kyau girbi ko da a kan Saline asashe. A mafi kyau gabanin zaton Peas, pelyushka, vetch, alfalfa, kabeji da dankali. Haka ma amfani don girma legumes, tare da Sudan dawa.

The sauri gudanar na farko da na biyu mowing, da babban kore taro za su yi girma a cikin gaba 2-3 yanke tsarin. Nagari don tsabtace hay yankan ciyawa conditioners. Birgima mai tushe sauri da kuma mafi podvyalivayut accelerates halitta bushewa.

shirye-shiryen da tsaba

Tsaba na Sudan ciyawa m zuwa seedbed shiri. Etching aka alternated da thermal iska-dumama, zalunta microfertilizers. Tsaba samu nazarin halittu bugun jini tare germinate cikakken microelements da kadan amfani da takin.

Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a kunna biochemical kuma physiological matakai - spraying kafin dasa musamman mafita dauke da boron (za a iya maye gurbinsu da tutiya) da kuma manganese. A 2 lita na ruwa da aka narkar 15-18 g na potassium permanganate da kuma al'ada 6-9 g na boron ko tutiya salts. Wannan adadin isa ga rike 1 quintal na tsaba. Don ko'ina rarraba da tsaba sosai zuga akai-akai. Kafin shuka, su zama a bushe.

A mafi zamani Hanyar seedbed shiri - vernalization. A ganga aka zuba 20 lita na ruwa zuba quintal na tsaba. Jira har sai da tsaba ne gaba daya sha ruwa. Sai suka dauki fitar da kafa a cikin kananan tara, ajiye a cikin wannan yanayin 8 kwanaki a cikin duhu a 20-30 C. Don hana lalata, taro a kai a kai Ted, shebur. Wajibi ne a saka idanu da germination rate. Idan da tsaba kyankyasar kwan ma azumi, raked tara. Vernalization ne musamman tasiri ga iri amfanin gona.

seeding rate

Kawai a dumi gona (+10 C) Sudan ciyawa aka dasa. A seeding rate dabam dangane da seeding dabara. Tare da m ci gaba da aiwatar da - a cikin kewayon 25-30 kg 1 ha. Lokacin da shirokorjadnyj Hanyar a yankunan m rabin rate - 10-15 kg. Lokacin da yawan danshi iri jeri nuna mechanized zuwa zurfin 3-5 cm a kan na bushe, haske kasa da tsaba suna saka zurfi -. 6-8 cm Idan Sudan ciyawa ne sown a cakuda da wasu. Al'adu, da kudi na seeding an rage ta 15-25%.

Seedbed shiri

Seedbed shiri tedious. Idan ka yi tsalle daya daga cikin matakai za a rage druzhnost germination, tillering, yawan amfanin ƙasa. A hanya ne:

1. Da dakarun.
2. Deep noma.
3. Farkon spring tsoratar game.
4. Biyu-lokaci Pre-shuka namo.
5. Pre-shuka ƙasa compacting.
6. Posleposevnoe shiryawa da ƙasa.

Lokaci na takin kara da ake samu. Nagari rates da 1 hekta: 20-30 kg na potash, phosphate 30-45 kg, 30-45 kg nitrogen taki.

amfani Properties

Bugu da kari ga wani m girbi na kore fodder taro, Sudan ciyawa m sakamako a kan ƙasa, kashe weeds. Saboda karfi fibrous tushen al'adu kara habaka breathability da kuma danshi damar gona, loosens su, yin sauki Tsarin, drains tare da danshi wuce haddi. Loosening kasar gona da ciyawa tasiri breathable, m ƙasa kwayoyin da tsutsotsi propagate mafi alhẽri daga mugun gudu up aiki na humus. The shuke-shuke da kansu su ne kasa da lafiya, yawan aiki ƙaruwa.

Sudan ciyawa ikon girma a Saline kasa hada da damar juyawa m ga wasu albarkatu Saline. A wuraren da yashewa progresses, shi ne kuma amfani shuka wannan ganye tare da m m Tushen cewa rike gona barbashi daga cikin weathering, leaching.

Amma akwai nuances. Kamar masara, Sudan ciyawa lullube daga ƙasa yawa microelements, impoverishing shi. Yana solves matsalar na hadin gwiwa dasa a leguminous annuals. High quality-miya takin kuma ya mayar da ake dasu balance.