Ta yaya jijiyoyi? Abin da ake gawawwakin kunshi?

Daga cikin manyan tsarin a cikin jikin mutum, musamman wuri ne shagaltar da jijiyoyi. Ta yaya jijiyoyi har da 16th karni na masana kimiyya ya kasance mai asiri. A wani bayani yi aiki da irin wannan shahararren gabascin kamar yadda Aristotil, Galen, Harvey da yawa wasu. Su binciken an tarke su cikin wata mai jiwuwa tsarin na ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological Concepts.

tarihi bayanai

A musamman rawa a cikin samuwar daidai ra'ayi game da wasu daga cikin gawarwakin ne jijiyoyi na mutum, taka leda da Spain da masanin kimiyyar Servetus da Turanci halittu Vilyam Garvey. Da farko ya yi nasara a tabbatar da cewa jini daga dama ventricle iya samun cikin bar atrium kawai ta hanyar wani cibiyar sadarwa na jini daga cikin huhu. Harvey ya bude da ake kira mai girma da'irar (mugun) wurare dabam dabam. Kuma haka dai aka kafa batu a tambaya, ko da jini ne tsananin rufaffiyar tsarin, ko ba motsi. A tsarin na mutane da dabbobi masu shayarwa rufe wurare dabam dabam.

Dole ne ka kuma tuna ayyukan da Italian likita Malpighi, wanda ya gano capillary wurare dabam dabam. Ta hanyar bincike, shi ya bayyana matsayin da jijiya jini ne sāke cikin venous da kuma mataimakin versa. Game da tambaya ta haltta? Human Sistem sakulasan ne sistem wani sa na gabobin kamar zuciya, jini da kuma karin gawarwaki - bargo, saifa, da hanta.

Zuciya - babban sashin jiki na jijiyoyi mutane

Tun zamanin da, a cikin duk al'adu na zuciya tsakiyar rawa ba kawai a matsayin wani sashin jiki na jiki na zahiri, amma kuma a matsayin ruhaniya mangaza na mutuntakar ɗan adam. The magana "daya zuciya", "daga zuciya", "zuciya baƙin ciki" mutane sun nuna rawar da wannan jiki a cikin samuwar motsin zuciyarmu da kuma juyayinsu.

Amma baya ga Anatomy da kuma Physiology na zuciya. Yana da wani m murdede Gabar da aka raba bar impermeable membrane (cuboid da ciwon wani sababbu siffar) da dama (na yau da kullum siffar) sassa. Yana shi ne aikin da Servetus da Harvey ya karyata ra'ayin Galen cewa a cikin cardiac septum da musamman takware ta hanyar abin da ruwa connective nama motsa daga daya rabin zuwa wancan.

A gaskiya, gaban ramuka a cikin zuciya bango - shi ne mai tsanani Pathology ci gaba, wanda yana nufin wani zuciya lahani. An cuta a farkon zamanin da jariri ta rayuwa, kamar yadda a lokacin da sauraron stethoscope ga kirji yanki ne a fili ji da ake kira amo (extraneous sauti da cewa faruwa a lokacin da hadawa da jijiya da kuma venous jini). Wannan shi ne wani tsanani Sistem matsaloli, da kuma kwanan nan kawai yana da shi lends kanta zuwa da magani daga resectable.

Da kari daga cikin zuciya

The zuciya ne sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da famfo. Lalle ne, babban aiki - Pump jini. Domin wannan Tunica jiki wakilta iko tsoka, da ake kira myocardium. The zuciya kunshi da dama da hagu atria da biyu ventricles, da kuma hagu da dama. Tsakanin kowane atrium da ventricle ne bawuloli.

A gefen hagu ne a bicuspid aortic bawul (AIBN), da kuma dama - da tricuspid (tricuspid bawul). Ƙanƙancewa da shakatawa na zuciya ake kira da systole da diastole. Jini ne distilled a daya shugabanci kawai: daga cikin manya sassan na ventricles, kuma daga gare su - a cikin dace jijiya. Saboda haka, daga hagu ventricle lokacin da rage daga cikin jini rabo da karfi fitad da shi a lakã, da jini a cikin shi game da 105 mm / Hg. Art. A iko impetus, a daidai da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi, an hanzari yada a cikin nau'i na taguwar ruwa a cikin jijiya da tsarin. Mun dauki zuciya kari a matsayin bugun jini. Its kyau za ka iya ji da radiocarpal ko carotid jijiyoyi.

The ruwa nama a cikin jikin mutum

Aiki kai na oxygen da kuma gina jiki, da kau da gubobi, kazalika da samar da antibodies yi aikin jijiyoyi. Jini tsarin wanda za a iya wakilta a matsayin wata cakuda sel (leucocytes, erythrocytes da platelets) da jini (ruwa part), na bayar da muka ambata a sama matsaloli.

A cikin mutane, akwai jini-forming nama, daya daga wanda - myeloid. An manyan a cikin bargo, shi ne dake a cikin diaphysis da qunshi wani tushe (hematopoietic Kwayoyin) wanda suke precursors na erythrocytes, leukocytes da platelets.

Features na tsarin da jini

Red jini saboda gaban na haemoglobin pigment. Shi ne ke da alhakin kai na gas narkar da a cikin jini, - oxygen da kuma carbon monoxide. Yana iya daukar biyu siffofin: oxyhemoglobin da carboxyhemoglobin. Jini jini ne 90% na ruwa.

A wasu abubuwa - ne sunadaran (albumin, fibrinogen, gamma-globulin) da kuma ma'adinai salts, sarki daga cikinsu shi ne sodium chloride. Jini Kwayoyin yi da wadannan ayyuka:

• erythrocytes - kawo oxygen.
• leukocytes, ko farin jini Kwayoyin (. neutrophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, da dai sauransu), - shiga a cikin samuwar rigakafi.
• platelets - taimakawa wajen hana zub da jini a ƙeta jirgin ruwa bango mutunci (alhakin jini clotting).

mutum jijiyoyi, godiya ga iri-iri ayyuka na jini yana da muhimmanci a rike da homeostasis da kwayoyin.

jiki ta jini: arteries, veins, capillaries

Don ganin wasu daga cikin gawarwakin ne jijiyoyi na mutum, shi wajibi ne su gabatar da shi a matsayin wani cibiyar sadarwa na shambura tare da daban-daban diameters da kuma bango thicknesses. Jijiyoyi da karfi murdede bango, kamar yadda jini motsa a kanta tare da babban gudun da babban matsin. Saboda haka yana da matukar hatsari jijiya zub da jini a sakamakon wanda wani mutum hasarar a cikin wani gajeren lokaci a manyan adadin jini. Wannan zai iya samun m sakamakon.

Jijiyoyinmu da taushi ganuwar, richly sanye take semilunar bawuloli. Sun bayar da jini ya kwarara a tasoshin kawai a daya shugabanci - babban tsoka jiki jijiyoyi. Tun da venous jini aka tilasta shawo kan karfi na nauyi don samun up da zuciya, da kuma matsa lamba a cikin jijiyoyinmu ne low, wadannan bawuloli ba da damar jini don matsar da baya, cewa shi ne daga zuciya.

wani cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries tare da diamita na microscopic bango ya yi aikin main aiki na gas musayar. A cikinsu, carbon dioxide da aka kawota (carbon dioxide) da gubobi daga kyallen takarda Kwayoyin da capillary jini, bi da bi, ya bada Kwayoyin da oxygen da ake bukata domin su aiki. Dukan jiki ne fiye da 150 biliyan. Capillary, jimlar tsawon wanda a fara tasawa na game da 100 kilomita dubu.

A musamman aikin karbuwa daga cikin jikin mutum, wanda ya samar da wani m samar da gabobin da kyallen takarda zama dole abubuwa ne na biyu wurare dabam dabam, wanda za a iya lura biyu a al'ada physiological yanayi da kuma karkashin wuya aiki tsarin cuta (msl, thrombus occlusion da jirgin ruwa).

tsari wurare dabam dabam

Komowa zuwa tambaya na jama'a gawarwakin ne jijiyoyi na mutum. Ka tuna cewa a rufaffiyar wurare dabam dabam, bude Harvey, fãra a hagu ventricle kuma ƙare a dama atrium.

A lakã ne babban jijiya na jiki da kuma farkon na tsari wurare dabam dabam, da ke sa jini, oxygenated, daga hagu ventricle. Ta hanyar da jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin, yana tsawaita daga lakã da kuma sashe cikin jikin mutum, da jini ke zuwa duk sassa na jiki da kuma gabobin, saturating su tare da oxygen dauke da sinadarin gina jiki metabolism da kuma kai ayyuka.

Daga cikin sama ɓangare na jiki (shugaban, kafadu, kirji, babba wata gabar jiki) venous jini, arziki a carbon dioxide, aka tattara a cikin m vena cava, kuma daga kasa zuwa rabin jiki - ƙananan vena cava. Dukansu m jijiyoyinmu komai a cikin dama atrium, rufe da wurare dabam dabam.

na huhu wurare dabam dabam

Sistem sakulasan tsarin gabobin - da zuciya, da jijiyoyi - ma kunshe a cikin abin da ake kira kananan (na huhu) wurare dabam dabam. Yana kuwa ta buɗe ta Miguel Servet a tsakiyar 16th karni. Wannan zagaye fara daga dama ventricle kuma ƙare a hagu atrium.

Venous jini ta hanyar dama atrioventricular bude na dama auricle shiga dama ventricle. Na shi a kan na huhu akwati, sa'an nan biyu na huhu arteries - hagu da dama - shi shiga cikin huhu. Kuma duk da cewa wadannan tasoshin kira arteries, da jini a kan su gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu venous. Yana da dama a cikin da dama bar huhu, wanda suke capillaries, Entangling Alveoli (na huhu vesicles kunshi huhu parenchyma). Tsakanin oxygen Alveoli da connective nama ta hanyar da thinnest bango na capillary gas musayar faruwa. Shi ne a cikin wannan sashi na jiki ta zama deoxygenated jini a cikin jijiya. Sa'an nan kuma ya gudana a cikin postcapillary venules, wanda zama ya fi girma zuwa 4 na huhu jijiyoyinmu. A cewar shi jijiya jini shiga hagu atrium, inda shi ya ƙare da wani kananan wurare dabam dabam.

Jini wurare dabam dabam a cikin dukan kayayyakin faruwa lokaci guda, ba tare da tsayawa ko pausing ga wata na biyu.

jijiyoyin zuciya wurare dabam dabam

Mene ne wani m jijiyoyi na jama'a hukumomi da kuma shi ne abin da peculiarities na ta aiki da aka yi karatu da irin wannan kimiyya a matsayin Shymlanskaya, Bowman, GIS. Suka gane cewa matsakaicin daraja a cikin wannan tsarin yana da wani coronal ko jijiyoyin zuciya krovooborot, wanda aka yi da musamman jini jirgin ruwa, twining zuciya da kuma tsawaita daga lakã. Wannan tasoshin kamar hagu babban jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya da rassan, wato: hagu agara na sauko masa, da kuma circumflex reshe atrial reshe. Kuma shi ne dama jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya da irin wannan rassan: dama jijiyoyin zuciya da kuma na baya interventricular.

Jini ba tare da oxygen baya cikin murdede jiki a hanyoyi uku: ta hanyar da jijiyoyin zuciya sinus, jijiyoyinmu kunshe a cikin kogo na atrium, kuma mafi karami jijiyoyin bugun gini rassan cewa daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin gefen dama na zuciya, ko da ba tare da nuna ya epicardium.

Circle of portal jannayẽnsa

Tun a tabbatar ciki daidaito da matsakaici da muhimmanci sosai jijiyoyi, na wani jikin kunshi kewaya portal jijiya, halitta masana kimiyya sun yi karatu a la'akari da tsari dabam dabam. An gano cewa a kan narkewa kamar fili, pancreas da baƙin ciki jini accumulates a cikin kasa da kuma a cikin m mesenteric jijiya, wanda baya hada ta samar da wata portal (portal jannayẽnsa).

Portal Vienna tare da hanta jijiya a cikin hanta shiga ƙofa. Jijiya da kuma venous jini a cikin hepatocytes (hanta Kwayoyin) an hõre tsaftace kuma m tare da na baya vena cava shiga dama atrium. Saboda haka, jini tsarkakewa na faruwa saboda da shãmaki aiki na hanta, wanda ya samar da da kuma jijiyoyi.

Mene ne hukumomi ne karin tsarin

A tsarin da na biyu gawarwakin hada da ja bargo, saifa, da hanta da na sama. Tun da maikacin jini ne short-rayu, game 60-90 kwanaki, akwai bukatar kula da sharar sake amfani tsohon jini Kwayoyin da kuma kira na matasa. Wadannan matakai samar da na biyu gabobin na jijiyoyi.

A cikin bargo, dauke da myeloid nama hada precursor kafa abubuwa.

The baƙin ciki, ban da ajiya aiki na jini ba a yi amfani da wurare dabam dabam, halaka tsohon ja jini Kwayoyin kuma partially cika su hasãra.

A hanta ma ya auku a jefa matattu leucocytes, erythrocytes da platelets, da kuma jini ajiya, ba a halin yanzu da hannu a cikin jijiyoyi.

A cikin labarin da jijiyoyi da aka tattauna a daki-daki, shi kunshi jama'a hukumomi da kuma abin da ayyuka a cikin jikin mutum.