Tabbatarwa da ka'idar juyin halitta, ko atavism rudiments na homologue da kuma kama jikinsu

A kimiyya, da muhimman hakkokin manufar hadin kai ne dauke da asalin rayuwa a duniya. Kuma haka bude, wanda shi ne zartar da daya daga cikin misalansa, za a iya dangana ga duk wasu. Saboda wannan, ta hanyar, mu aka karatu ayyuka na da yawa ciki gabobin da kuma raya hanyoyin da magani daga m cututtuka.

Misalan analogous da kuma gabobin homologue

Ba za mu iya, duk da haka, bisa zumunta na duk rayuwa a duniya, to Mix homologue da kuma irin wannan jikin. Tsohon da wannan tsari da kuma ci gaba daga wannan tayi rudiments, tsantsan da hadin kai na asalin (misali, reshe-lambobi, daban-daban jinsunan). Amma irin wannan jikin sau da yawa yi wannan aiki a cikin dabbobi daban daban da daban-daban farkon.

A misali na kowa da irin haka - reshe. Shi ne a cikin kwari, tsuntsaye kuma ya aikata aikin wani m aiki. Amma da kwari - shi Chitin protrusions a farfajiya na baya, da kuma tsuntsaye - forelimbs, canza a kan aiwatar da juyin halitta. A wannan layi daya za a iya kõma tsakanin gills a cikin larvae na dragonflies da kuma kifi.

The mutum idanu da dorinar ruwa kuma za a iya bayyana a matsayin irin wannan jikin. Duk da kama, su da cikakken
Su ne daban-daban a cikin tsarin. Da ruwan tabarau na mutum ido yana gyarawa, da kuma ido kanta ne outgrowth na kwakwalwa rudiment. Yayin da dorinar ruwa na gani gabobin - shi ne samuwar jiki cover, a cikin abin da ruwan tabarau na ruwan tabarau halarci ko motsa daga haske a jikin take kaiwa zuwa da abu na hankali da dabba, domin saita daidai mayar da hankali.

Misalai misalin iya la'akari da ko da daga pigments kamar haemoglobin da hemocyanin. Su ne daidai da kawo oxygen, amma su kwayoyin tsarin yana da manyan bambance-bambance.

rudiments

A da kansa hanya ta tabbatar da ka'idar da asalin rayuwa atavism da rudiments.

A karshen sun hada da, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da hukumomin ba su cika asali aiki, tun rasa shi a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta. Amma ba za a iya dauke gaba daya mara amfani duk vestiges. Suna kawai sau da yawa yi kasa muhimmanci ayyuka.

Alal misali, fikafikan wani jimina za a iya bayyana a matsayin rudimentary gabobin, saboda ba za su iya jimre da babban aiki na tsuntsu ta reshe, da kuma amfani da su don jawo hankalin mace da kula da sikẽli alhãli kuwa yanã gudãna. Saboda haka, wuya daga cikin tsarin da jiki ne rashin to sauƙaƙke masa ayyuka. Wannan shi ne wata ãyã daga wani rudiment.

Amma reshe na penguin ba za a iya gani a matsayin irin wannan, tun da shi ya yi aikin quite hadaddun aiki a matsayin filafilin kifi.

By da rudiments hada ido da kuma mole mole bera, wanda ko dai ba ganin wani abu, ko kuma kawai rarrabe haske da duhu.

A cikin mutane, wannan halayyar yana da caudal vertebrae, tsokoki da cewa Kuma Muka taimake kakanninmu ya ta da gashi a karshen, kuma tsokoki for wiggling kunnuwa. Kowane mutum ne saba da wani mutum alãma - appendage da cecum (da appendix).

atavism

A lokacin da a mutum nuna alamun hali na ta m kakanninsa - wannan ne ake kira atavism. Alal misali, da ɓullowar wasu mutanen da m jiki gashi ko wani karin biyu na nono, caudal appendage a wani mutum ko raya ƙege da wani dabbar dolfin.

Aukuwa atavisms za a iya bayyana ta a gaban genes alhakin hali a cikin DNA. Amma da suka daina aiki, tun da mataki da aka mur da sauran kwayoyin halittu.

Homologue da kuma kama jikinsu, da kuma rudiments na atavism - duk wannan shi ne wata hujja bayyananniya, daga cikin hadin kai na asalin halitta mai rai da cewa zauna cikin Duniya.