Gene interactions

Gene - a tsarin naúrar na gado bayanai. Yana wakiltar wani rabõ yankakke, daga wani jigidar halittar DNA (wani lokacin RNA). gene hulda samar da canja wurin da na farko ãyõyin iyayentaka kwayoyin zuriyarsa.

Kowane gene hukunta wani musamman alama, wanda shi ne mai zaman kanta da sauransu. Suna kuma iya mu'amala. Wannan shi ne yiwu godiya ga cewa akwai aka nasaba gado kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin hade a cikin genotype suka yi aiki a matsayin mai tsarin. Ainihin dangantaka tsakanin su ne rinjaye da kuma recessive.

Human genotype - dubban ãyõyi (da tsarin), wanda za a iya shige kawai 46 chromosomes. Kowace daga cikinsu ta ƙunshi manyan yawan kwayoyin halittu (a kalla 30 dubu).

A ci gaba da wani fasalin iya zama saboda rinjayar fiye da daya gene, kuma da dama daga waxanda suke da juna free hanya. Irin wannan hulda genes kira polymer (rikitacciyar). A cewar wannan inji, akwai gādon launin fata, gashi, da kuma daruruwan sauran fasali.

Saboda wannan adadin kwayoyin halittu da samar da goyon baya da kuma ci gaban tabbatacce kwayoyin, kunsha iri-iri na musamman bambanta Kwayoyin. Mutumin gano game da 200 iri Kwayoyin da ciwon ƙarin raka'a cikin wani adadin na musamman aikin da morphological iri Kwayoyin.

Fili kwayoyin halitta a wani chromosome aka bayyana ta da kalmar kama kwayoyin halittu. All na ga wannan kungiyar na da nasaba da kwayoyin halittu suna gaji tare a lokacin da samuwar gametes.

Yawan daban-daban kungiyoyin na genes unequal kama. Biyu-matasan hulda ne halin a cewa kama shi ne ba batun Mendelian dokokin. Duk da haka, da cikakken riko ne quite rare. Matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin zuriyata ya nuna duk hudu phenotypes.

Ware allelic da kuma wadanda ba allelic gene interactions. Alleles - Waɗannan su ne siffofin guda gene.

Allele - hulda na ga guda biyu daga allelic genes. Bayyanuwar halayyar aka ƙaddara ba kawai dominance dangantaka, amma kuma da yawan kwayoyin halittu a cikin genotype.

Alleles ne iya haifar da irin wannan sadarwa, a matsayin cikakken dominance (a lokacin da phenotype na heterozygote ne samfurin na kawai guda gene) da kuma bai cika (da phenotype na heterozygote bambanta daga phenotype na homozygous rinjaye hali da kuma recessive, shan sakandare (matsakaici) darajar da su Kodominirovanie -. A maida martani allelic genes a lokacin da heterozygotes da phenotype biyu samfurin.

Nonallelic - hadin gwiwa sakamako na biyu (ko fiye) ba allelic genes. Yana za a iya bayyana a cikin nau'i na epistatic karin to, ko gyaggyarawa polymer hulda.

Hulda nonallelic genes iya mika daban, sai Ka rarrabe a dama iri.

Karin - hulda da kansa Mendelian genes a cikin daya genotype da kuma haddasa nuni da wani abu guda fasalin.

Polymer - wani ƙari sakamakon wata yawan wadanda ba allelic genes a kan samuwar wani musamman hali da zai sa a ci gaba da bambancin kewayon tsammani. Polymer ne tarawa da kuma noncumulative. A farkon yanayin, da alamun da m yawan rinjaye alleles polymeric genes dauke a cikin genotype. A karo na biyu idan, da mataki na halayyar da aka ƙayyade ne kawai ta hanyar da gaban da rinjaye allele kuma shi ne mai zaman kanta da su lambar.

Epistasis - da danniya na wani gene rinjaye allele na wani nonallelic farko. Ko danniya na ayyukan rinjaye da kuma recessive alleles a gipostatichnom gene recessive allele epistatic ba a cikin homozygous jihar.

A karin - fasalin tasowa a juna mataki na 2-rinjaye kwayoyin halitta, wadda ne halayyar mutum ba sa.

Gyaggyarawa - The canji na babban ba allelic genes a dangane da su kwatanta su. Daya gene iya aiki yafi a iko da ci gaban da wani hali da kuma wani modifier dangane da ci gaban sauran fasali.

The hulda da kwayoyin halittu ne ko da yaushe a lura, a lokacin da dama genes shafi samuwar wani Jihar kwayoyin da halayyar.