Taganskaya kurkuku, ko "Taganka" - wannan sunan ya riga ya zama wani gidan sunan da ya bar wani gagarumin alama a zamani art. Mutane da yawa talakawa mutane ba su ma san a yau, inda akwai wannan correctional ma'aikata da aka kira a hukumance. Musamman ga ku cika da gaskiya labarin "Taganka", kazalika da musamman facts da kuma tarihi dalĩlin Sahaban a cikin wannan labarin.
A tarihin na Moscow lardin laifi kurkuku
Rashi na 'yanci kamar yadda azãba ga aikata miyagun laifuka da aka aikata a Rasha da aka amfani da ko da a zamanin mulkin Ivan da Munin. A ganiya aiki na yi da kuma kungiyar na correctional binciken zo a kan mulkin Catherine II. A 1804, Sarkin sarakuna Alexander na bayar da umarni a kan yi na Moscow lardin laifi kurkuku. Kamar yadda wani wuri don shirya irin wannan ma'aikata da aka zaba a matsayin karkata daga Moscow. Yau da shi ne karamin titi mason. Quite kusa Novospassky sufi da kuma yankin Taganskaya. Yana da da sunan da kuma samu ta kurkuku "Taganka" a tsakanin mutane. Da farko, da kafa da aka classified a matsayin "kurkuku workhouse" ne har abada mazaunin kuma kurkuku aiki.
Wanda ya kiyaye da sake ilimi a cikin almara kurkuku?
Da farko, da "Taganka" da aka nufi ga mãsu laifi ba. Duk da haka, tuni a XX karni, shi samu matsayi na "wucewa", da kuma a cikin XXI karni. a nan sanya da kuma fursunonin siyasa. A bayani na wannan canji shi ne mafi sauki. Sauran kurkuku a Moscow - "Butyrka" da "Sailor ta Shiru" - ba ko da yaushe wani isasshen yawan wuraren ga sabon fursunonin. Tun lokacin da aka kafa da Moscow lardin laifi kurkuku yana da wata babbar yawan shagunan. Ba tare da aikin zauna da daya daga cikin fursunonin, amma shi kuma ya koyar yayin da bautar ƙarshe idan kaso mutum ba shi da wani sana'a. Dama a yankin ƙasarta Taganskaya kurkuku ya gwada tufafi da kuma inji Forging, tela, lathes, bugu da bookbinding nazarinsa. Tuni a 1921, jaridar "Pravda" rera waka da m kungiyar sake laifin aikin da yabon muhimmancin aikin fursunoni ga al'umma da kuma kasa. A halin yanzu, a 1920, "Taganka" na dauke da duka na game da 1,200 laifin da kadan kasa da mutane 200 aka aiki.
Yanayi da ake tsare
Ko a yau, da yawa Rasha gidajen yarin ba zai iya gadara da yanayi mai kyau da ake tsare da laifin da m kungiyar aikinsu. A baya ƙarni, a halin da ake ciki ya kasance babu kyau. Overcrowded Kwayoyin da kowa yankunan, da zaran kuma monotonous abinci, kazalika da nuna a zahiri hankali na kalmar aiki. Idan ka yi imani da shaidar Sahaban, kuma ta haifar da wata dismal kurkuku - maras ban sha'awa rawaya ganuwar, sanduna a kan windows. Amma shi ne ko da yaushe nominally cika tare da sauran} asashen duniya. A 1920-xx ta Tagansky kurkuku ko bakuncin waje wakila zo nan wani lokacin parcels daga Red Cross.
Legends da kuma facts
A yawa na karya rayuka da mutanen da suka An daure zãlunci, to, ya gani Taganskaya kurkuku. A tarihin wannan penitentiary ne cike da wani iri-iri na Legends, kuma facts, to yi imani da cewa ba shi da sauki. A lokaci daya, da kurkuku darektan ya Brother Menzhinsky, da kuma mamaki, ya na son fursunoni. An ce lokacin da ya sanar da game da shirya kama sarki Tikhon, shi da kansa ya je wa Tsarki, da kuma tambayi albarkar, bisa ga tsarewa. Duk da haka, watakila wannan shi ne kawai wani kyakkyawan labari. Kuma duk da haka wani a cikin Taganka kurkuku rayuwa yana da kyau ƙwarai. Bayan da juyin juya halin, VF Dzhunkovsky - tsohon gwamnan na Moscow yankin da kuma shugaban 'yan sanda, sami kansa a cikin "Taganka" yana a matsayin wani fursuna. Hali zuwa wannan ƙarshe ya sosai tausayin. The abu ne cewa, Dzhunkovsky wani mutum da-da ilimi da kuma hankali, kamar yadda wani togiya, ya aka yarda da za a tsunduma a cikin ilimi na minors, kazalika da kiwo na zomaye, nan da nan, duk da haka, bai kafa free. Ban sha'awa rayuwa labarin Maksima Zhizhilenko - ɗan wata m wanda ya yi aiki a cikin kurkuku sarki likita. Taganskaya kurkuku domin shi ya gaske zama gida mahaifiyarsa. Bayan matarsa ta mutuwa ya jagoranci rayuwar talakawa fursuna - ya zauna a wani sauki kamara da kuma ci abinci tattalin fursunoni.
"Taganka" a cikin XX karni
Bayan juyin juya halin na 1917, duk Rasha gidajen yarin da aka zubar da "sabon" irin laifi - fursunonin siyasa. A gaba kalaman na kama shugabannin addini shãfe. Mene ne ban sha'awa, a cikin "Taganka" coci da aka gina (1894), amma riga a 1922 an rufe. Sa'an nan mũminai fursunoni samu ga gamuwa dakin kwaminis makaranta. Kamata ya yi addu'a a gaban hotuna na Lenin da Trotsky, amfanin daga cikin ma'aikatan ne masu taimako suka yarda kare fursunonin a lokacin taron. Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar: a 1940, da kurkuku "Taganka" shi ne wurin da ake tsare da 4120 fursunoni, da ma'aikatan akwai m fiye da mutane 800. A shekarar 1946, daidai a tsakar gida na kurkuku na almara ya dauki sabon abu azãba. Janar Vlasov da mabiyansa dauki mutuwa ta rataye, akwai shaida cewa su da kansu yanke hukuncin daurin al'ada tambayi don a harba su, "kamar wani soja."
Kurkuku irin harshe na dabam da "barayi romance"
Ban sha'awa al'amari: na farko Rasha Dictionary kurkuku jargon aka shirya daidai a cikin "Taganka". B. Trachtenberg ciyar mai girma adadin aiki, wanda ke haifar da wani musamman tarin "translation" barayi 'irin harshe na dabam a cikin Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen tare da bayani da comments. Popular version da cewa kalmar "saida kaya" ma ya bayyana a cikin kurkuku. Da labari cewa, da zarar aiki a gida abinci tare da shugaba sunan Balandin, wanda ya iya dafa kusan inedible abinci ga fursunoni. A sakamakon aikinsa da ake kira "gruel", da kuma na shugaba Zeki dafa shi a wani kwanon rufi da na gaba inedible miya.
shahararren fursunoni
Fiye da rabin ƙarni na kurkuku shi da aka ziyarci da wata babbar yawan sanannun da kuma saukin rarrabe jama'a. A lokuta daban-daban shi ne: N. Bauman (Bolshevik neman sauyi), VF Trachtenberg, Savva Mamontov, Porfiry Ivanov (da aka sani warkarwa), Osip Shor (samfur na Ostap Bender), Kravets T. P. (Academician) da kuma da yawa wasu . A gaskiya jerin ne m. Ya kamata a lura da cewa rayuwa a cikin kurkuku ya sau da yawa guda ga duk. Masana, 'yan siyasa da kuma shugabannin addinai rayu a cikin yanayi halitta kowa laifi, sau da yawa janyo hankalin zuwa wahala.
Karshen labarin: da rushe na Taganka kurkuku
A shekara ta 1938, da NKVD kawo canji, wanda a cikin sa a kurkuku lambar 1 OMZ NKVD Moscow yankin zama Taganka kurkuku GUGB. Haka kuma, da correctional makaman ke fita daga NKVD sassan ƙarƙashin shugaban NKVD Jihar Tsaro. A 1939, da "Taganka" hukumance ta sauya matsayi da kuma zama mai wucewa kurkuku. A shekarar 1946 aka kafa Soviet Interior ma'aikatar. Haka kuma, bayan da dama ya gyara aikinsa, a kan ci da rabo daga nauyi tsakanin ma'aikatar da KGB tsare makaman ke da ma'aikatar harkokin. Kwanan nan, da hukuma sunan "Taganka" - tsakiyar sufuri kurkuku Taganskaya Takwas Department of Internal Harkokin da Tarayyar Soviet. A tarihin correctional makaman ƙare a 1958. A almara kurkuku aka rushe a kan umarni na Nikity Sergeevicha Hruscheva.
Wannan shi ne a yanzu a wurin "Taganka"?
Mafi yawa daga cikin kurkuku gine-gine da sauri rushe. Bada jimawa ba, a wurin da Taganskaya kurkuku aka gina kindergarten nufi don yara Interior ma'aikatar da dama na zama biyar-storey gine-gine - hankula "Khrushchev". Daga cikin kurkuku ya tsira daya kawai administrative ginin da kuma na wanki dakin. A farko tsarin da a yau ne daban-daban ofisoshin, amma inda da zarar rayayye gudanar wanka, located gidaje sashen. Kiyaye su da tushe kurkuku bango - parapet ne game da daya da rabi mita high, lullube tare da zamani Novospassky rariya. Amma, watakila, wannan shi ne wani labari. Amma wanda zai iya duba a gwamnatin gini, wanda da zarar housed a kurkuku Taganskaya. A adireshin wannan gidan: Kananan titi magina, mallaka 16.
Tatsũniyõyi ne na "Taganka" unguwannin
Idan ka juya a kan tsohon yankin na kurkuku, ba da sanin game da tarihin wannan wuri, ba za ka iya ko da tunanin cewa akwai sau daya. 'Yan kurkuku a Moscow haka shahara kamar yadda Taganskaya, amma duk da wannan al'amari, a yau, wannan yanki kama wani hali bedroom al'umma. A bore na greenery da kuma talakawa gidajensu, kuma duk da haka har yanzu akwai rai mutanen da suka da kaina tuna a jihar gine-gine bayan high fences. Daga cikin mazauna yankunan Legends game kurkuku dungeons da Tunnels haƙa zekami. Wasu da'awar cewa shi da kansa ya ga yadda, a lokacin da digging na ramuka a farfajiya na duniya cirewa ƙasusuwan mutane. Musamman impressionable 'yan asalin magana game da m wahayi da kuma ba da mafi m mafarkai cikin abin da suka gani rai a kurkuku ko fursunonin.
References a art da kuma sanannun al'adu
Wannan kurkuku ne sau da yawa kira na almara, ko da a yau, a lokacin da, bayan da rushe ya kasance fiye da rabin karni, a real jama'a song "Taganka" za a iya ji a rediyo ko sãmu, a cikin tarin na rare hits. Abin lura, da mawãƙi kuma mawaki na aikin da aka ba shigar. Duk da haka, da abun da ke ciki ya yi da kuma rubuce da yawa m aikatawa na shekaru daban-daban, da kuma, sha'awa, ci gaba da rehash shi a yau. Ya raira waƙa game Taganka kurkuku, da kuma Vladimir Vysotsky, kawai sauraron hankalinsa zuwa song Lines: "Hey, direba, kai ni a Butyrsky gona." Bugu da kari, da aka ambata a kurkuku a cikin tunanin na ta fursunoni da dama tarihi da kuma encyclopedic collections. Dauka game da "Taganka" da dama, Documentaries da talabijin shirye-shirye bayani. Bari ta kurkuku rushe a shekarar 1958, a tarihin Rasha da ta zama, har abada. Abin sha'awa, da yawa talakawa mutane nadama da cewa tarihi Final ma'aikata da aka rushe, yafi ban sha'awa zai zama ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ya bude a cikin ganuwar.