Tarihi na Smolensk: ranar da kwata 'yanci na Smolensk

Kusan kowace Rasha birni na da musamman jaruntakar labarin, amma a yau za mu mayar da hankali a kan St. Petersburg - daya daga cikin tsofaffin Rasha birane, located game da 400 km daga Moscow, a kudu maso yammacin shugabanci. Kafin mu zo da topic na "Ranar da kwato Smolensk daga Nazi invaders", tuna taƙaice babban labarin da tsakiyar birnin Smolensk, wanda shi ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban events.

kagara birni

A farko ambaci Smolensk samu a Ustiug tarihin, kwanan rana 862-865 shekaru. Tare da 882, birnin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Kievan jihar, Prince Oleg kama da watsa shi zuwa zamanin Prince Igor. Ya bayyana a zamanin d tarihi cinikayya hanya. Smolensk ya wata babbar wuri na kasuwanci da kuma crafts, wanda ya zama na Slavic kabilar Krivichy cibiyar da kuma wani soja sansanin soja.

The tambaya na ranar kwata 'yanci na Smolensk daga Nazis domin fahimtar wannan hoto, za ka bukatar a little more saba da' yan manyan abubuwan da suka faru ga birnin. A hankali, shi ne bunkasa tattalin arziki, a cikin XII karni, shi ya tashi zuwa administrative da kuma cibiyar al'adu na Smolensk sarauta. A birni ta yawan jagoranci wani m cinikayya, kayyade ta wata kwangila daga 1229, tare da Baltic al'ummai da Riga. A lokacin daga 1404 zuwa shekarar 1514 shekara, birnin na daga cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania.

The yaƙi da birnin

A 1410 Smolensk shelves tare da Polish da Lithuanian soja raka'a halarci yakin Grunwald.

A 1596-1602 gg. Smolensk aka kewaye da wani dutse bango, wani sansanin soja da ta gina da m na Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Wannan sansanin soja da kuma mai suna bayan wani dutse abun wuya Rasha ƙasar.

A lokacin da tsaro na Smolensk, wanda Dates daga 1609-1611 shekaru., The birni kãma Dogayen sanda a 1654, ya sake lashe Rasha.

Ranar kwata 'yanci na Smolensk daga Faransa

A cikin tarihi na Smolensk yana da muhimmanci sosai a ambaci shekara 1812 - lokacin yakin duniya na II, a lokacin da birnin da aka karkashin yakin sõyayya a Rasha sojojin Bagration da Barclay de Tolly da Napoleon ta sojojin. A kwata 'yanci na Smolensk daga Faransa nasara faru Nuwamba 4, 1812. Smolensk birni a wannan lokaci da aka dauke da lalace.

A cikin XIX karni ta zama wani dandali na birnin biyar Railway Lines, sabili da haka kudin da birnin har sosai da sauri. A farkon karni XIX akwai game da 20 masana'antu da kasuwanci Enterprises. A shekara ta 1929, St. Petersburg - tsakiyar yammacin yankin.

Satumba 25 - da ranar da kwato Smolensk daga Jamus invaders

Lokacin da Jamusanci farkisanci invaders farmaki Tarayyar Soviet, bayan da wasu makonni biyu, su zama daidai, a kan Yuli 10, sun kasance cikin ganuwar Smolensk.

A cikin ƙasa na Smolensk yankin daga farko makonni na yaki da kuma m buga fitar da mafi m yaki, wanda sai da wani tarihi sunan - Smolensk tsaron gida yaƙi. Yana da wani biyu-wata da bata lokaci farko na Jamus invaders na Moscow, shi ya taimaki babban birnin kasar ya shirya da kuma saduwa da makiya kai-a. Wannan al'amari ya haddasa rushewar Hitler ta wasu batattun sifofi shirin.

The Battle of Smolensk , Soviet sojojin halakar 250 dubu sojoji da jami'an na Wehrmacht. Soviet sojojin 16 th, 19 th da kuma 20 ga watan Army a cikin mafi wuya da kuma m yãƙi a cikin Smolensk gundumar yayi Solovieva mararraba, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev da gaba ga i fafitikar harin da ya fi iko na Jamus sojojin kungiyar "Center".

Ranar kwata 'yanci na Smolensk har yanzu sosai nisa. Yuli 16, 1941 Smolensk aka shagaltar da ta Nazis a ranar 29 ga Yuli - da kuma fadi Zadneprovskaya na Smolensk yankin.

Zama da yaƙin

Soviet sojojin ba sa iya rike mayar da m sojojin na abokan hamayyarsu, kuma aka tilasta su mika wuya Smolensk. Garuruwa da kauyuka da aka shagaltar da ta Jamus. Duk da haka, a cikin gida kauyuka da makiya sarrafa 120 partisan raka'a da kuma hari.

Daga baya, game da dubu 10 da sojoji da jami'an, ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, kuma a karkashin kasa Smolensk yankin da aka gabatar da kyaututtuka, girmamawa lambobin yabo da lambar yabo, 56 mutane da aka bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, daga gare su, da shugaban yaƙin naúrar Grishin SV da guerrillas Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

nasara

An yi imani da cewa Satumba 25, 1943 - da ranar da kwato Smolensk (photos na cewa lokaci ya wuce duk da mummunan fenti muguwar halaka da baƙin ciki da sun auku a ƙasarmu). Idan daki-daki, ga bi tarihin asali, da kwato da Smolensk aiki ya faru daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba 1943, kuma ya code mai suna "Suvorov".

Duk da cewa Soviet sojojin ba m fasaha kayan aiki da kuma isa manpower, Smolensk har yanzu shi ne gaba daya liberated daga abokan gaba.

Smolensk yankin kafin yakin wani blossoming yankin, bayan da yaki da birnin Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo juya a cikin wani hasãra.
A Smolensk na 8000 zama gine-gine 7300 da aka kone su. Nazis gilla azabtarwa da kuma harbe 350 dubu fararen hula, daga gare su ne kawai a cikin Smolensk kashe 135.000.

Sassa na Yammacin Front, da kuma 70 mahadi da aka bai da girmamawa da sunan "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". A ranar da kwato Smolensk a Moscow aka bai wa gaisuwa na 244 bindigogi ta 20th artzalpami.

karrama

A kyaftin na Soviet Army P. F. Klepach kan ginin hotel "Smolensk", wanda shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan tsira tsaya, ya tashe ja flag. Dukan birnin da aka kusan halaka ta, amma bayan da cikakken nasarar mu Jamus farkisanci da sojojin a cikin shekaru goma, birnin da aka mayar da kuma sāke gina.

A shekarar 1966, birnin Smolensk samu cikin Order of Patriotic War na digiri, Order of Lenin a 1983 da kuma title of Hero City May 6, 1985.

Don samun mafi Feel game da shi, idan ka ziyarci Smolensk ziyarci wani na musamman da kuma daya daga cikin mafi kyau yakin duniya na II gidan kayan gargajiya. Smolensk, kazalika da dukan ƙasar Smolensk, warwatse da taro kaburbura da kuma obelisks. Ga kishi ci gaba da tunawa da wadanda suka mutu, da mutane ba za su manta da wanda suka yi yaki da mutuwa a cikin gwagwarmaya da mai mamaye.