Tarihi na Smolensk. Ban sha'awa facts game Smolensk

Tarihi na Smolensk ne ban sha'awa ba kawai ga mazauna da kuma baƙi na wannan birni. An alama ta da yawa abubuwan da suka faru na kasa muhimmanci. Diamond babban birnin kasar na Rasha, key-gari, gari-gwarzo, yada fitar a ranar 7 tuddai ... lokacin da mutane da magana game da Smolensk, magana game da tarihin na dukan na Rasha, domin shi ne a nan cewa sau da yawa ya haye kaddara da kuma hanyar da mu Fatherland.

Kafin ka fara wani labarin game da tarihin birnin, ka ce 'yan kalmomi game da whereabouts na Smolensk. An located zuwa arewa maso yammacin daga Moscow, 378 km tafi, a cikin sama kai na cikin Dnieper. A da karkararta gida kimanin 330 da dubu. Man. A kan taswira da aka alama ja Smolensk yankin.

A m alama na birnin Smolensk

Smolensk ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin birane a Rasha. Shi ne guda shekaru kamar yadda Novgorod da Kiev ne girmi Moscow. Tarihi na Smolensk fara a cikin shekara 863, a lokacin da birnin da aka gina a kan hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa." Yana tunatar da kansa zamanin d Haikali, da na tsaron gida maginin bango, da kagara hasumiya. Wadannan Monuments da gine-gine sun halarta fitowan da kuma ci gaban Smolensk, kuma tare da shi da dukan da Rasha. Yana Smolensk Region ne gida Gagarin, Asimov, Glinka, Przewalski, Twardowski da kuma sauran mutanen da suke da sani a waje na jihar.

Da kyau sosai Smolensk cibiyar a yau. A birni ya iya hada wani ruhu na tsufa da kuma wayewar mai haske tsauri yanayi. Ya zaune a yau aiki rai na matasa. Akwai yayi masha'a, da yawa jami'o'i da cinemas. A m shayi, jin dadi kofi shagunan da kuma m sanduna, murabba'ai, m, kore Parks da Inuwa kusurwa da kari daga cikin birni, ta pulsation da numfashi.

Da yake jawabi na Smolensk, kuma Smolensk yankin, ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura da yanayi reserves da kuma Parks, da kyau na da madubi-kamar surface na tabkuna da kuma kore gandun daji. Yanayi masoya za su iya numfashi cikin gandun daji iska, to ziyarci untouched sasanninta yanayi da za a iya samu a cikin Smolensk Lakes - National Park.

Canza a kan lokaci, wannan birni ne har yanzu sami damar kula da lardin fara'a, tsofaffin al'adun da musamman al'adu. A yanayi ba da shaidar Smolensk eclectic matasa rayuwa, doke da key, da kuma zamanin da kwastan.

Ana zargin Smolensk, na farko shafukan na tarihi

Wannan gari da aka kafa a cikin sama kai na da Dnieper River matsayin tribal cibiyar-Krivichy Slavs. Smolensk Tarihi fara da farko ya ambaci shi a tarihin Ustyug, wanda Dates daga shekara 863. A cikin labarin game da yadda tawagar Askold da Dir tafi kafa zango a birnin, sarki, ya ce cewa birnin Smolensk a lokacin da aka "ƙanƙara mai girma mutane." A 882, akwai wani karɓarsu ga Prince Oleg wannan shiri, wanda ake a farkon Novgorod Chronicle. Tarihi Smolensk alama ta cewa ya kasance a karshen cikin IX karni ya zama wani ɓangare na Kievan Rus, amma mulki vechem na dogon lokaci bayan wancan. A bayanin kula daga Konstantina Bagryanorodnogo (Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna) alaka da tsakiyar X karni, wannan birni da aka kira, tare da Kiev sansanin soja.

Smolensk a XI-XII ƙarni

Bayan da ya rasu a 1054 Yaroslav Mudry, yayin da a Smolensk ƙaramin mulki da 'ya'yansa: Vyacheslav farko, kuma bayan shi - Igor.

Mu ne sha'awar a cikin birnin a karshen XI karni zama takamaiman birni Vladimira Monomaha, wanda ya samu a cikin Bugu da kari ga Pereyaslavl ta Kudu, tsohon "fiefdom." Smolensk sarauta ta samu 'yancin kai siyasa a lokacin da Rostislav Mstislavovich, jikan Monomakh. Rostislav hedged a 1134 Smolensk townsmen kufaifan. A wancan lokaci, birnin da aka riga manya-manyan. Yana da aka gudanar m dutse yi ci gaba a karkashin 'ya'yansa maza Rostislav Mstislavovich - Roman, da gajeren hutu Knyazhye 1160 da 1180, da kuma David (daga 1180 zuwa 1197). A Smolensk, da ƙarshen XII karni akwai wani m gine-gine da makaranta.

A m ƙasa da maki tare da Dnieper River, muna da manyan birane da kuma zuhudu majami'u, townsmen da shugabannin coci, kazalika da episcopal majami'u. Wannan halitta a kyau panorama na Smolensk, sanya a kan cinikayya na jama'ar da suka zo daga kasashen waje, m ra'ayi.

ilimi rayuwa na gari

Wallafe-wallafe da kuma Culture a lokacin ya kai wani babban matakin. Lokacin da haikalin da aka halitta nazarinsa a cikin abin da suka kofe littattafai da kuma makarantu koyar da Latin kuma Helenanci. Wadannan manyan gabascin sun kasance daga Smolensk ƙasar, kamar yadda Clement Smolyatich, magatakarda, da Falsafa, wanda aka zabe Lardi na Kiev a 1147, da kuma Rev. Avraamiy Smolensky, "da kyautai na pastoral kula" da "koyo" wanda aka yi bikin a kan daban-daban da Sahaban.

Development of crafts da cinikayya, da mamayewa na Batu

Developing crafts da kuma cinikayya. A 1229 muka kammala yarjejeniya tare da Gotland, Riga da kuma arewa-German birni. Wannan kwangila da aka sani a matsayin "Smolensk ciniki gaskiya." Bayan fatattakar wani detachment na Batu a 1239, Smolensk tsere da Mongol halaka, ko da yake daga baya sun ya biya haraji ga Golden taro. Makiyaya a 1339 yunkurin kama da m birni a sake ba, amma gan karfi kufaifan a shafin inda Smolensk tattara.

Smolensk matsayin wani ɓangare na Duchy na Lithuania

Wannan birni daga XIV karni karkashin matsin lamba daga Lithuania. Vytautas, Grand Duke na Lithuania, a 1404 amana kama Smolensk bayan na tsawon wata biyu kewaye. A 1410 Smolensk, kasancewa riga wani ɓangare na Duchy na Lithuania, ya halarci yakin Grunwald. A brunt na Teutons dauki kan uku na Smolensk rajimanti, da suke a tsakiya na rundunar sojojin Slavic mutane. Suka yi yaƙi da mutuwa, tunanin, a gaskiya, da sakamako daga wannan yakin.

A kwata 'yanci na Smolensk, birnin raya kasa a cikin XVI karni

Lokacin da Prince Vasily III a shekarar 1514 Smolensk aka saki. Ya zama wani kashi na Muscovy. Lokacin Ivan da Munin a tsakiyar XVI karni, shi ne ya gina a kan kasko cike da shaft sabon oak sansanin soja. Posad da Dnieper da yawa kumbura, ya bayyana a hagu banki na biyu sabuwar ƙauyuka - da kuma Churilovskaya Rachevsky. John Kobentsel baƙo wanda a 1575 ya ziyarci birnin, idan aka kwatanta da darajar da Roma. Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin, hana kagara, yana kokarin muhimmanci a gare su, akai-akai yunkurin sake kwato birnin. A yanke shawarar karfafa outpost na yammacin iyakar kasar da aka dauka a karshen na XVI karni. A Smolensk, mai iko sansanin soja aka gina garun, a 1596-1602 shekaru.

mamayewa na Dogayen sanda

City tsaye a cikin shekaru 1609-1611 dvadtsatimesyachnuyu kewaye, wanda Ya hõre sojojin na Sigismund III na, da Yaren mutanen Poland sarki. A wani mara take wasika cewa kira zuwa ga yaki invaders, aka ce cewa idan Rasha jihar shi a kalla 'yan daga cikin wadannan "krepkostoyatelnyh birane", makiya za nepovadno shigar da Rasha ƙasar. Zubar da jini Smolensk fadi a watan Yuni 1611. Kawai 43 Bayan shekaru, a zamanin mulkin Alexei Mikhailovich, ya aka saki daga Dogayen sanda da ya karshe shiga Rasha jihar.

Great Arewa War a cikin tarihi na birnin

Smolensk a lokacin da Mai girma Arewa War ya sake a kan hanyar nasara. Akai-akai na zo nan da Bitrus I, a taron na mamayewa na Swedes masu garu da garin. Wannan sarki a watan Oktoba 1708 a City Hall hukumance gana da sojojin Rasha, wanda ya ci a kauyen Forest da suka tafi da taimakon Charles XII Swedish kungiyar soja a karkashin umurnin Janar Lewenhaupt.

A sabon matsayi

Mu ne sha'awar a cikin birnin, a 1708 samu wani sabon matsayi - matsayi na lardin birni. A zamanin d gashi na makamai na Smolensk, wanda ya siffanta a gun da kuma tsuntsu aljanna zaune a kan shi, a cewar wani 1780. A kasa na azurfa tef yau taken: "Tsarki ya tabbata sansanin soja". Modern gashi Smolensk gabatar a kasa. A Smolensk, ƙarshen XVIII karni da yawan 11579 mazaunan.

A tarihi sauyin da ƙungiya biyu suka haɗu kusa Smolensk

A cikin tarihi na Smolensk rubuta wannan jaruntakar page a 1812. 1st da 2nd Rasha sojojin mãsu bãyar da bãya daga yammacin kan iyakoki bayan da mamayewa na Napoleon, shiga a Smolensk. Faransa ne ya sadu da m 'yan adawa daga Rasha: a kan garun, da gagarumin makiya hari jaruntaka nuna da Rasha sojoji. Gama da sojojin Bagration da Barclay de Tolly a Smolensk Napoleon disrupted da tsare-tsaren kayar da su daya bayan daya. A fannoni da dama, wannan shi ne abin da m sakamakon yakin Borodino (kwamandan a manyan - Kutuzov).

Battle of Smolensk: bayani

Faransa sojoji za su a ko da abin da ya da ranar haihuwa na sarki (Agusta 4) shiga cikin wannan birni. Kuma a nan Agusta 4-5 ya dauki wuri yakin Smolensk. Daruruwan gurnetin da nuclei, dubban harsasai da aka ¡uraishi birni. Faransa ta kusan ƙware Molohovskimi ƙofar. Amma taimako zo, a kan lokaci da kuma gudu daga bangon, Rasha harba daga cikin moat na Faransa. Har ila yau a wani wuri heroes of Smolensk yi yaƙi kashe harin. Mun dauki bangare a cikin Battle of yawa gari, dauke da rauni, zuwa ga birnin core da kuma ciyar da sojoji. Ba tare da tsoro na nukiliya, mata kawo buckets na ruwa da gajiya da sojoji. Na dogon lokaci ci gaba da tsaro na Smolensk. Faransa da kuma sake sake garzaya zuwa hadari birnin, amma ko da yaushe don ba wadãtar. Sai sarki Napoleon umurce shi da haske da bam, da kuma birnin ya murtuke cikin harshen wuta, a cikin wuta.

Agusta 6 da safe ya zo da Faransa, ba tare da tsoro ba a cikin komai Smolensk. A Nikolsky Gate na koro Napoleon. Sarkin sarakuna dakarun 4 days daga baya ya tafi zuwa Moscow. Duk da haka, da Rasha sojojin ya shiga tare, da kuma ja da baya. Sojojin Rasha a kan Borodino filin, wahayi zuwa gare ta gaban ƙofar icon na Uwar Allah a cikin sahu (shi sa a sansanin kafin yakin), kaucewa harin na Faransa. Bonaparte gane sa'an nan ikon da Rasha ruhu.

Dawowar Napoleon

Napoleon 2 watanni bayan kama Smolensk gudu riga bãya tãre da yunwa sojojin. Ya tafi da ƙafa zuwa Smolensk Oktoba 28 ta hanyar da ƙõfõfi Dnepropetrovsk ba tare da wani solemnity, a kan garin kankara hanya. Kamar yadda kafin, birnin da aka komai. Yunwar da sanyi, kuma akwai hadu da saurã daga sojojinsa. Napoleon, infuriated da wannan kuma umurce su da su busa up da ganuwar birnin, m ga shi, da kuma bar shi ya gudu a kan. A cikin iska tashi 9 Smolensk hasumiyarki. Daga karkashin sauran zo zuwa ga ceto Rasha Rangers gudanar ya cire wicks.

Smolensk a farkon karni XX

Smolensk zuwa farkon na XX karni ya katako lardin gari. Kawai 283 daga cikin 2698 da gine-gine sun dutse. A cikin wannan birnin, bisa ga ƙidaya 1881, akwai 33.9 dubu. Mutane. 40 majami'u da kuma gidajen lama yi a Smolensk. A cikin dare na Oktoba 31, 1917 sa a pre-neman sauyi tarihin wannan birni. Yana fara wani sabon page - Soviet Smolensk. A sa'an nan da na gida Bolsheviks, an sanar da kafa Soviet da iko a birnin. Upcoming devastation, sa'an nan na maido da tattalin arziki, da girma Stalinist danniya a lokacin Nazi zama.

The Great Patriotic War a cikin tarihi na birnin

Smolensk a watan Yuni 1941, ya a cikin hanyar babban naushi na Jamus sojojin. Tã yãƙi a cikin gari dade makonni biyu. Dogon lokacin da tsaro na Smolensk ya kai ga cewa walƙiya kama da babban birnin kasar da shirin da aka dakile. A nan Jamus sojojin karo na farko a lokacin yakin duniya na II aka tilasta tafi a kan tsaron gida.

A 1943, 25 Satumba, akwai wani yaƙi a Smolensk, a sakamakon wanda birnin da aka 'yanci. The yaki ya kawo gaya wahala zuwa ga ƙasar. Soja Smolensk sha wahala nauyi asarar. Kusan zuwa tushe na abokan gaba halaka birnin. Kahon na 157 dubu mazaunan da suke zaune a nan kafin yaki, jira kawai 13 dubu mutane.

"Key City"

Smolensk, za ta hanyar duk auku wa rabo daga ordeals, ya rike da wani musamman look. Garu garu da tsoho Ibada, suna fadin obelisks da majestic Monuments - kamar milestone a cikin rayuwarsa, da nasaba, kasar mu da makoma. Smolensk, tsira da gobara gobara, mamayewa na maƙiyi halaka, sami daraja da matsara kan iyakoki na Rasha jihar, ya zama wata alama ce da Rasha kishin kasa da kuma juriyarsu. Shi ne ba don kome ba kira a key-gari.

Historical Gidajen tarihi na Smolensk

Yau, garin tarihi za ka iya gabatar da shi ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Wannan Historical Museum, "St. Petersburg - Rasha Shield" (hoton da ke ƙasa), "Smolensk a cikin Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". Kowane daga cikinsu, a nasu ban sha'awa. Tarihi Museum zai gaya maka game da baya daga cikin birni daga prehistoric sau da XX karni. "St. Petersburg - Rasha garkuwa" ne a Thunder hasumiya, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Smolensk sansanin soja bango.

Ta ziyartar wannan shafin, za ka iya ka gani da idanuwan da musamman ciki na hasumiya, hawa ta m da kunkuntar matakala ciki zuwa sha'awan da katako alfarwa, kazalika da koyi game da yaƙe-yaƙe da ya faru a nan a cikin XVI-XVII ƙarni, da kuma gina kagara bango.

"Smolensk a WWII" - a gidan kayan gargajiya dake a cikin ginin da mallakar da City People ta School, gina a 1912. Yi na wannan gini da aka keɓe wa dandalin tunawa da nasara a kan Napoleon. May 8, 2015 da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka bude bayan maimaitawa.

Ta ziyartar wadannan gidajen tarihi na Smolensk, za ka ji da tarihi na birnin, koya da yawa daga sabon da ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi.