TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": tsarin da al'amurra

TAVKR "Admiral na rundunar Tarayyar Soviet Kuznetsov" - kadai aiki kreyserny nauyi jirgin sama jigilar kayayyaki a cikin abun da ke ciki na zamani Navy jiragen ruwa. Its main nufi - da kawar da m surface hari, da tsaro na Maritime fleets da kuma kariya daga zargin maƙiyi mamayewa. The jirgin ne mai suna bayan N. G. Kuznetsova, Admiral na rundunar da Tarayyar Soviet. Construction na jirgin ruwa na soja da ya faru a Nikolaev, a wata masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a Chernomorsk, yanzu shi ne wani ɓangare na wani cikakken sa na Arewa jiragen ruwa. A jirgin ruwa za a iya tushen jirgin sama MIG-29K, kungiyoyin SU-25, SU-33 da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu gyare-gyare Ka-27/29 / 52K.

zane

Zanawa TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" da aka kaddamar a 1978 a karkashin shiryarwar da PCB daga Leningrad.

Akwai da dama aikin aukuwa, wanda ke haifar da karshen sakamakon a gina jiragen ruwa, ko ya zauna a cikin nau'i na model da kuma almara:

• Project 1153. Kawar da shirya jirgin tsara don 00 zuwa 70 ton, da aka zaci iko da makamai da kayan aiki (sai dai babban kungiyar jirgin sama).
• № 1143 M. Shirin ya jeri a cikin jirgin ruwa na soja supersonic Yak-41 tsaye Take-kashe.
• A samfur na 1143. Yana yana da kamance da jirgin jigilar baya zane, amma tare da babban gudun hijira (na hudu jirgin sama m, gina a cikin Tarayyar Soviet).
• Project 1143,5 nauyi jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" - high-ikon, na biyar kuma na karshe Soviet-gina jirgin sama m jirgin.

Karshe fasaha takardun da aka shirya da tsakiyar 1980 yiwuwa gina kasance da za a kammala a cikin 1990. Duk da haka, lokacin da bayarwa da kuma commissioning ne kullum canja for daban-daban dalilai.

fara samar

A farkon spring na 1981 Shipbuilding Shuka a Nikolayev samun tukuru-lashe da wani tsari domin gina sababbin Cruisers. Duk da haka, a cikin kaka na wannan shekara a cikin gagarumin tarawa da kuma canje-canje suna yi wa aikin, babban abin da yake yi na kara kawar da na jirgin ruwa a 10 dubu tons.

A sakamakon darajar wannan index ya 67 000 t Bugu da ari, da wadannan tsarin canje-canje da aka sanya .:

• a kan jirgin yana da da za a sanye take da shigarwa na RCC "dutse".
• Akwai bukatar fadada iska kungiyar na zuwa 50 inji.
• A gagarumin canji shi ne cewa da ƙaddamar da jirgin sama da za a yi ba tare da wani catapult da ski-tsallen takeoff. Wannan hangen zaman ya rage kudin da gine da kuma kara tsawanta da sabis rai na jirgin sama m.

karewa inganta

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" karshe an kera har 1982. Haka ya faru a cikin watan Satumba, a birnin Nikolayev shipyards. Da farko, da jirgin da aka mai suna "Riga", kamar wata biyu daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa "Leonid Brezhnev". By ƙarshen shekara a kan jirgin ruwa na soja ga cikakken shirin da aka shigarwa na farko gini block. The jirgin kanta (a karon farko a cikin tarihin na Tarayyar Soviet) kunshi gaba ɗaya na biyu da dozin block kayayyaki.

A tsawon kowane block TAVKR PR. 11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov" ya game 32 mita tare da tsawo na 13 m. A taro na kowane kashi ne daidai 1.5-1.7 dubu. Ton. Superstructure babbar jirgin sama m kuma sanya a kan wani daidaitaccen sassa tsarin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan jirgin, tare da m samar da kayan, kida da sauran kayan aiki, za a iya gina kawai shekaru hudu, zai zama wani cikakken rikodin. Duk da haka, jinkiri da kaya da kuma jinkirin aiki da shuka ya sa ba dole ba da bata lokaci ba, a gabatarwar da jirgin ruwa a aiki.

Girkawar jirgin kayan aiki

A jirgin sama m da aka kaddamar daga hannun jari a karshen shekarar 1985 shekara. Mass gidaje da kuma shigar Tsarin bai wuce 32 000 ton. Developers sun kiyasta shirye a / h 20506 nauyi jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" da 39%.

Next shekara ga kasa m ne ma ba ba tare da canje-canje. New Designer P. Sokolov ya sanya sabawa kuma a tsakiyar na 87th har yanzu ba a kare ba har sai ƙarshen jirgin da aka sake masa suna sake. Yanzu ya zama "Tbilisi". shiri yawan karu zuwa 60%. Jinkiri daga kaya da iziznin hanzari kammala shiri, 70% -S shiri da aka cimma kawai ta karshen 1989

A kudin nauyi jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" a lokacin da aka fiye da ɗari bakwai da miliyan rubles. Ba da da ewa sake canza manyan zanen, ya zama L. Belov. A muhimmin bangare ne na lantarki manufa kayan aiki da aka shigar a hudu da rabi shekaru bayan da wa'adin, da jirgin ta shiri ya 80%.

Kari a cikin tẽku

Wannan taron ya faru Oktoba 20, 1989 A lokacin, wannan jirgi m ya kusan shirye, sai dai da rashi na jirgin sama kungiyar. Kuma horar dade fiye da wata daya, shi ne riga na farko na Nuwamba wannan fitina dasa na MiG-29 da kuma Su-27 da aka za'ayi wannan shekara.

Cikakken harsasai da kuma rediyo da tsarin a / h 20506 nauyi jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" An kafa ne kawai a shekarar 1990 (total shiri zambar game da 90%). A wannan lokaci tazara samar teku gwaji jirgin. A tsakiyar kaka da jirgin samu karshe sunan karkashin wanda ke tafiya a yanzu.

A mataki na farko na gwajin jirgin jigilar da kansa ƙware fiye da 16 dubu mil. Tare da runways jirgin jirgin sama samar da kusan ɗari biyar sorties. All saukowa jirgin ruwa na soja aikata ba tare da dokar ta baci da cewa ga lokacin da na fara da gwajin tasoshin - mai kyau sakamakon.

A farko gwaje-gwaje da aka kammala a karshen shekarar 1990. Fiye da shekara wuce karshe mataki na jiha ingancin iko, bayan da jirgin da aka sanya wa Arewa jiragen ruwa.

fasaha fasali

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na cikin bene, kuma baka trampoline musamman fairings saka. Data kasance jirgin sama a kan bene na wani jirgin sama m ake tsĩrar da lifts, kowanne daga abin da zai iya sãmi ĩko 40 ton. A bene nisa ne 67 mita. A tsawon jirgin ruwa na soja daidai kusan 305 mita, cikin kudi na ta adibas - 10.5 m.

Purposefully amfani ga saukowa jirgin sama bene rabo 250 da kuma tsawon mita 26 da fadi. Yana yana da wani gangare na bakwai digiri. A biyu daga asali farko-up makada.

Engines da TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" tukunyar jirgi da kuma injin turbin, chetyrehvalnye da iko da janareto da kuma dizal janareto. Kamar yadda propulsor protrude hudu sukurori (kowane yana da 5 ruwan wukake). Iyakance tafiya gudun ne 29 kullin (55 km / h). The m kewayawa jirgin ruwa na soja iya kawo har zuwa watanni shida. The ƙungiya - kusan dubu biyu mutane.

makamai

Kasa ne fama crews da kuma yiwuwar wani jirgin sama m:

• Navigation tsarin - "Beysur".
• Radar - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "magance", "Vaigach".
• Yana nufin na lantarki irin - CICS "Woodcutter" SJC "polynomial", "Star" hadaddun "Buran-2", "Constellation - BR".
• Anti-jirgin sama harsasai - 6 × 6 AK-630 (48 dubu kayayyaki.).
• Roka - PU SCRC "dutse", "Dirk", "wuƙa".
• Antisubmarine makamai (60 ragargaza) - RBU-12000.
• Group sufurin jiragen sama - hamsin raka'a (jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma jirage).

immensity

Don gane da yawa daga cikin jirgin ruwa na soja, shi iya lura da cewa, ya tsawo ne daidai da 27-storeyed gidan. Ciki shi ne sanye take da kusan dubu huɗu daban-daban da dakuna. A lokacin da gini an shafe 4000 kilomita na USB, 12,000 kilomita bututu daban-daban diameters da kuma ayyuka. Wasu shawa a kan jirgin, akwai game da hamsin guda. Rumfar ajiye jiragen sama rufaffiyar irin (153 * 26 * 7.2 mita) ruwansa da na yau da kullum kungiyar kashi 70 cikin dari iska. Karkashin ruwa tsarin kariya kunshi makamai da kuma a tsaye ganuwar, ta zurfin - game da biyar mita.

Modern kimantawa da aikin 1143,5

An fito da jirgin iya amince a kira wani cikakken fledged jirgin sama m. Duk da haka, ba duk don haka smoothly da iyo dadewa yi. Mafi yawan lokaci shĩ yanã ciyarwa a cikin gyara docks.

Gwaji da'awar ba ta da tashar wutar lantarki. fitar a cikin tẽku sau da yawa tare da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na m events. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa kowane dogon Maris jirgin ruwa na soja da ke tare da Tug. A kwanan nan damar zuwa Bahar Rum - wani tabbaci.

Mutane da yawa jira domin nauyi jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" a lokacin da za Syria. Kuma ba haka ba da dadewa shi ya faru. Hakika, ba ba tare da ta matsaloli, amma jirgin har yanzu nasara da hanya a can da kuma mayar. A cikin shekaru biyu, an shirya na gaba manyan overhaul na jirgin ruwa na soja.