The aiki sadarwarka a cikin "Pascal": abin da yake, abin da ayyuka a

Turbo Pascal - mai sauki shirye-shirye da harshen, amma nazari na lokaci-cinyewa, idan da yawa tare da wannan batu tsanani. Novice mai amfani fahimci kayan yau da kullum na code tare da sauki. Alal misali, za farko bincika abin da mataki ya yi aikin aiki sadarwarka, ga abin da shi ne, yadda za a samu wani layi ko m zuwa allon. Kawai sai da shirye-shiryen za su daukaka kara zuwa hanyoyin da ayyuka, da kuma harafin-kirtani irin data, fayiloli da graphics. Saboda haka, abin da yake aiki sadarwarka? Mene ne ta rawa a cikin rubuce-rubuce na code?

Kungiyar Turbo Pascal tebur aikace-aikace taga

Kafin nazari a kan binciken na msar tambayar abu, wanda a zahiri ma ya hada da tambaya daga abin da yake da aiki sadarwarka, kana bukatar ka dubi a cikin filin aiki Turbo Pascal.

aikace-aikace menu yana dauke da wadannan sassan:

• Fayil - tsara don cika asali dokokin a fayiloli (ƙirƙiri, bude, kusa, ajiye, da dai sauransu).

• Shirya - wannan ya hada da dokokin don aiki tare da rubutu tace (copy, manna, da yanke, da dai sauransu).

• Search - da muhimmanci domin gano da kuma maye gurbin rubutu a cikin dukan rubutu da shirin.

• Gudu - yi amfani don gudu ƙãre code, ciki har da mataki-mataki zanga-zanga domin aikin.

• Tara - tattara da code.

• Cire kuskure - ake bukata don tallafa a search na kurakurai a cikin rubutun da shirin.

• Tools - Ba ka damar amfani da wasu ƙarin fasali aikace-aikace.

• Zabuka - buga da zama dole zabin yin aiki tare da mai tarawa da kuma shirye-shirye da yanayi.

• Taga - da ake bukata a yi aiki tare da windows.

• Taimaka - bukatar neman amsar for your tambayoyi.

Yanzu more kuma mafi shahararsa ne samun aikace-aikace Pascal ABC. Daga cikin ra'ayi na wasu masu amfani, shi ne sauƙin yin aiki a cikin wannan yanayi.

Abubuwa na Turbo Pascal

A kowane shirye-shirye da harshen tsarin da code shi ne daban-daban, amma akwai kowa maki. Alal misali, a Pascal zane na dukan matsala ne kamar haka:

Shirin na share fage. // Header shirin

Yana amfani da Crt. // A jerin daga cikin kayayyaki amfani

Label metka1. // Description tags

Const yawan = 10; // shelar m

Type newtype = sa na kirtani. // Description na daban na canji

Var a: lamba; b: real. c: newtype. d: Boolean. e: char. // shelar canji

----------------------------------- // Description na hanyoyin da ayyuka

fara

{Jiki} // Shirin Sashen aiki

Ƙare.

The aiki sadarwarka daukan wurin na girmamawa da shi a cikin jiki da shirin.

A takaice dai yawon shakatawa a cikin daban na shirye-shirye da bayanai

Ba wai kawai a Pascal aiki sadarwarka kiwata tambayoyi daga masu amfani. Data iri kuma sau da yawa haifar da mamaki.

All data a cikin Turbo Pascal yanayi fada cikin biyu Categories: da canji da kuma constants. Suna iya kasance a daya daga cikin wadannan iri:

• lamba;
• real.
• m.
• kirtani.
• typed.
• ma'ana.

Har ila yau, constants za a iya kiyayeshi.

A canji da aka bayyana a cikin code kamar haka: var : Data irin. The m aka ayyana kamar: const = darajar.

A shirin code baka <> ba bukatar sa.

Major aiki na da harshen Turbo Pascal

Operator ne a zane cewa ya nuna abin da mataki ya kamata aiwatar da shirin. A rubutu code, musamman a Turbo Pascal harshe, akwai mutane da yawa aiki:

• Tasari.
• bangaren.
• zabi na dama zažužžukan.
• mi} a mulki.
• aiki.
• a kan rikodin abubuwa.
• komai.
• hawan keke (tare da siga da na kafin lokaci, postcondition).

Aiki da shirye-shirye ko Tsarin wanda unshe sassa na shirin code, an ko da yaushe kashe a cikin tsari a cikin abin da suke rubuce, watau daga sama zuwa kasa, hagu zuwa dama. A togiya ne na al'ada da zane. The aiki bayani, kamar yadda wasu da dama, na bukatar gaban karshen layi alama ";", Ina nufin semicolons. Saboda haka, wannan alama ce shared tsakanin tsarin da kanta da kuma kara habaka da ganuwa da shirin. Amma akwai wani "amma": da semicolon, ya kamata ka ba sa kafin kalma dabam.

Aiki shigar da karanta (canji) da kuma readln (canji). Misali: karanta (a). readln (a, b); readln (d).

Aiki ne Yã rubuta (canji) da kuma writeln (canji). Misali: rubuta (a, g). writeln ( 'Shigar da Data'). rubuta ( 'surface yankin S =', S). rubuta (f: 6: 3).

Don jinkirta da allo a Turbo Pascal amfani readln sadarwarka a karshen da code kafin na karshe karshen. Shi ne a cikin wannan shirin, babu irin wannan Lines ba sa nuna abinda ke ciki na mafita. A PascalABC readln rubuta a karshen da code ba lallai ba ne.

Don share allon ya haɗu ClrScr sadarwarka, wanda yake shi ne gina-in Crt. Sake, kowane shirin na da nuances.

The aiki sadarwarka

Yanzu mun tafi kai tsaye zuwa ga topic. The aiki sadarwarka a Pascal - ne tsari na shigar da dabi'u na canji a cikin memory cell. A general sharuddan, shi ya dubi kamar conjoint rubuce-rubuce ciwon da "kula", watau ": =". Yana da wadannan haruffa ne da alhakin aiki sadarwarka.

Mene ne aiki sadarwarka? Its inji na aiki ne kamar haka: a cikin shakka daga cikin shirin aikewa da aka kimanta, da sakamakon wanda dole ne a rubuce a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Address daga cikin cell inda data za a shiga, da kayyade m zuwa hagu na alamar "=".

Schematically, wannan za a iya bayyana kamar haka:

• ← samu m magana.

Kamar yadda wani misali, da dama maganganu:

• A: = b + c / 2;
• b: = n.
• n: = b.
• x: = 15;
• x: = x + 3.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa biyu maganganu «b: = n» da kuma «n: = b» yi daban-daban ayyuka.

A fasalin da aiki sadarwarka ne gaskiya cewa data kasance a kan daban-daban bangarorin da alamar "=" (wanda aka karanta a matsayin "sanya") dole ne ya kasance a cikin wannan irin. A wasu kalmomin, da karfinsu aiki ya zama na 100%. Alal misali, lamba magana za a iya sanya wani real m, a matsayin tsarin cikin tsari na canji kunshe a dukan yankin na fractional. watau rikodi "real m: = lamba magana" gaskiya ne.

misalai na ayyuka

Su fahimci abin da aiki sadarwarka wajibi ne a warware da dama matsaloli. Kawai yi zai kauce wa babban kuma ba abin gafartawa ba kurakurai a cikin rubutu code, kazalika da ajiye lokaci.

aiki 1

Dana da'irar. By jarrabawa, da circumferential tsawon L aka shiga daga keyboard da mai amfani. Wajibi ne yin lissafi da yankin na da'irar S, a daure da wannan da'irar.

A algorithm ne:

• Lissafi da darajar da radius, fara daga kewayen dabara.
• Tambayi cikin da'irar yanki dabara.
• Nuna sakamakon a kan allo.

aiki 2

Dan truncated mazugi. Mai amfani na ƙayyade dabi'u na radii RB kwasfanta, Rm da tsawo h. Dabarbari da kuma saka dabi'u yin lissafi da kundinta da kuma surface yankin siffofi.

A algorithm ne:

• Shigar da ake bukata data daga keyboard.
• Tambayi dabara gano da kundinta da kuma surface yankin na wani truncated mazugi.
• Lissafi V kuma S.
• Kawo su a allon.