The kafa na Tomas Kuk yawon shakatawa. Development of yawon shakatawa, tarihi da kuma nasarori

A cikin kwanaki na tafiya zuwa wasu kasashe suka zama wani abu yau da kullum. Domin tafiya zuwa kowane kusurwa na duniya, kana bukatar kawai shirya wani adadin kudi da kuma duba ga wani tafiya hukumar. Muna haka amfani da manufar "yawon shakatawa da" cewa tunani cewa irin wannan hutu da ya dade wanzu. Duk da haka, shi ne ainihin kawai 170 shekara. Tourism bayyana a Ingila Yuli 5, 1841. Yau za mu yi magana game da kafa da kuma tarihi na nasarar wannan mutum, sunansa - Tomas Kuk. The kafa na yawon shakatawa ya rayu mai ban sha'awa rayuwa. A labarin da ya samu nasara ne da ban sha'awa sosai.

Origin da kuma yaranta Cook

Cook ya fara rayuwa a cikin talauci, kazalika da a da yawa daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwa, kamar Thomas Lipton, Walt Disney, Dzhon Rokfeller. Duk da su a matsayin wani yaro ya jimre wahalhalu. Zai yiwu shi ya sa suka zama motsa da kuma nasara mutane. Uba Thomas mutu a lõkacin da ya yi matukar matasa. Bayan mutuwarsa, kiwon Cook tsunduma uban rana. Da ya bi da yaron kamar yadda nasa dan.

The iyali ba su da isasshen kudi, don haka Thomas yana da shekaru 10 ya fara aiki. Ya zama wani almajiri a lambu. Yaron samu 6 pence da mako don yi masa aiki. Lokacin da yake da 14, ya samu aiki, a wani sassaƙa shop. A shekaru 19, Thomas ritaya daga can. Duk da nauyi workload, ya yi kadan free lokaci da cewa Thomas amfani da su je makaranta, wanda yake a cikin sufi. Ilimi samu a nan taimaka Cook daga baya a rayuwa.

Baftisma Cook, mishan aiki

Bangaskiya ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan direbobi na nasarar Cook. A 1826, a shekaru 17, ya yi baftisma ya zama mai Baftisma. The saurayi ya fara rayayye rubuta a cikin wata Baptist mujallar. Ya kuma sanar da a cikin Lahadi makaranta da kuma sanar a cikin kusanci na garin Loughborough (inda ya rayu), kazalika da a kauyuka.

Thomas Cook son aiki mishan aiki. Ta zo da saurayi mai yawa idon sani. Bugu da kari, ya samu domin ta 10 shillings a mako, wanda aka dauke a lokacin mai kyau samun kudin shiga. Duk da haka, a Baptist kungiyar asusun da karshen 1830 ya bushe, da kuma Thomas ya sami wani tushen abincinsu.

Aure, aikin a taron, wani alwashi daga sobriety

Cook yanke shawarar ci gaba da tafiyar da joinery. A wani karamin gari, dake kusa da Loughborough, sai ya riƙi kashe ya sassaƙa shop. Af, Thomas koma a nan ba kadai. Ya kawo tare da shi da Marian Mayson, matasa matarsa, da wanda Cook hadu yayin da karatu a makaranta Lahadi.

Thomas, duk da wuya aiki a cikin studio, ya ci gaba da yin aikin mishan. Bugu da kari, ya rayayye yaki domin abstinence daga barasa. A 1833, Tomas Kuk dauki wani alwashi daga sobriety.

Cook ya zama sakatare na Society of abstainers

Cook bita ta karshen 1836, ya fara bun. Ya iya hayan mataimakansa. A lokaci guda Tomas Kuk ya zama sakatare na Company ta ba-mãsu shã. Kungiyar gudanar da ayyukan a Harboraf. Bayan wannan gazawar da gabatarwa da barasa Thomas fara ci gaba da more aiki. Ya fara buga mujallar "Monthly Gazette na sobriety" a 1839. A shekara daga baya, Thomas fara domin a saki na farko a kasar, da mujallar yara, wanda kuma aikatã game da hakan da barasa.

Shirye-shirye na farko tafiya

Lokacin da, a cikin 1840, Tomas Kuk koya cewa Railway layi da aka bude, wanda za a gudanar a gaban garinsu, ya yanke shawarar cewa wannan shi ne ya samu damar yin wani abu mafi inganta sobriety. Thomas yanke shawarar hayan jirgin kasa zuwa sama a Loughborough abokansa. Akwai da za a gudanar Congress of abstainers tsakiyar Ingila Association (kudancin kananan hukumomi). Tomas Kuk je sama tare duk da alhakin kuma inventiveness ga wannan shawara.

Da farko, ya yi magana game da m mai zuwa tafiya, John Fox, Bell, sakataren Railway jama'a, imbued tare da babbar sha'awa. Ya ma ya amince da biyan domin dole na farko kudi. Abu na biyu, Cook sosai hankali tattalin ga mai zuwa tafiya. Thomas shirya wani al'adu shirin da abinci mai gina jiki a Loughborough, bugu da kuma rarraba da tikitoci da kuma posters. Bugu da ƙari, ya yanke shawarar ba za a iyakance zuwa gida gari. Cook aika fita zuwa wasu wurare a kan tafiya gayyatar. Zan iya cewa na sosai shiri ne key ga ci gaba na Cook kamfanin.

Tourism Day Birthday

Saboda haka, Yuli 5, 1841 570 jama'a suka tafi Loughborough. Suka ɗauki tara motoci na wani jirgin kasa. Wannan rana yana dauke da ranar haihuwar yawon shakatawa a yanzu ra'ayi. The tafiya wata babbar nasara. Cook aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, kuma yanke shawarar shirya wani sabon tafiya. Alal misali, ya ko da yaushe gudanar da yawon shakatawa ga talakawa. Su kudin domin fara tasawa ne kawai 1 Shilling, da kuma yara - 6 pence. Cook asali manufa ya zuwa samu mafi girma zai yiwu amfani ga mafi girma yawan mutane a magangara mafi ƙasƙanci price.

Kula da sanyin abokan ciniki

Bayan da cewa kowane yawon shakatawa da aka shirya a hankali, daya daga cikin babban aka gyara daga nasarar Cook shi ne cewa shi da kansa ya halarci tafiye-tafiye. Mutane da yawa tafiya da jirgin kasa a karon farko, kuma bai sani ba abin da ya yi da kuma yadda za a nuna hali. Tomas Kuk ya umurci dukkan su kuma kula game yin shi a matsayin dadi kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Kwangila management na Railways

Bayan wani lokaci, tare da girma shahararsa na tafiya da kuma wani karuwa a yawan abokan ciniki, Cook ya sanya hannu a kwangila tare da gudanar da Railways. A karkashin wannan kwangila da aka sanya wani gagarumin rangwame. Thomas ko da suka zo tare da taken cewa karanta: "layukan dogo - ga miliyoyin!" Ya qawata kusan duk fences, sandunan da storefronts.

Da ikon zuwa "kama da kalaman"

Ability don Cook, "Kama Wave" ya zama wani muhimmin factor a cikin nasarar da kamfanin. A karo na farko da wani muhimmanci aiki ga Thomas taron ya faru a 1840. A wannan lokaci, da kwadago sun ga aikin da aka sanya wani shekara-shekara hutu. Mutanen da suka samu shi, ba su san abin da ya yi a cikin kayayyakin lokaci. Kuma a sa'an nan Thomas tambaye su m abin wãsa.

Cook sa'an nan raya yawon shakatawa hanyoyi a Scotland. Ga tafi masoya na ayyukan Roberta Bernsa da Valtera Skotta. Kusan kowace mazaunin Ingila karanta wadannan marubuta a lokacin da sayar da lissafi sanya ta Cook, shi ne daidai. Kowane mutum, so da kaina ziyarci wuraren da aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan da wadannan marubuta.

Thomas bude farko don gano da gidãjen kuma manyan gidãje daga aristocrats. Abin da alama a gare mu a yau wani ya saba da wancan, a lokacin da shi ya zama wani juyin juya halin da a jama'a sani. Yana aikata shi ya Tomas Kuk. Cak na masu tafiya kamar yadda wani irin kudi da makami, ta hanyar, ma, ya zo sama da.

Da ikon zuwa "kama da kalaman" da kuma duk lokacin da za a ci gaba sabon hanyoyin ne daya daga cikin babban dalilai na shahararsa da kuma ci gaban Cook. Ba za mu bayyana a cikin daki-daki, duk da tafiya da cewa ya shirya kasuwa. Isar da shi a ce ya yi nasara sake zuwa "bude" kasar su Turanci (Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man). Amma ba kawai ta - dukan Turai, da Ruhu Mai Land, da Amurka da kuma ko da India da aka hada a yawon shakatawa hanyoyi Cook.

Af, da reshe dillancin, halitta shi ( "Thomas Cook kuma Ɗan") a Amurka da aka karkashin jagorancin dansa Dzhon Meyson Cook. Mark Tven ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko da abokan ciniki. Ya bukaci shugaba to Ka yi wannan kamfanin. Yarda, cewa ya ce da yawa!

Thomas Cook Guides

"Discovery" Cook ba ya kawo karshen akwai. Shi ya farko ya tashi da littafin da guidebooks. Su daki-daki babban wuraren ban sha'awa, aka ba su shawara a kan yadda za a nuna hali a cikin wani musamman kasar ko birni. Bugu da kari, Tomas Kuk buga a mujallar da ake kira "Tripper". Ya tafi da fashewa daga cikin yakin duniya na biyu. Wannan mujallar ya kasance karo na farko da irin.

A tafiya zuwa Makka

Thomas Cook ta rawa wajen ci gaban na yawon shakatawa ba ya kawo karshen akwai. A 1878, da kasuwa ya juya zuwa ga Gwamna-Janar na India. Ya tambaye shi ya bude musamman ga Musulmi wani sabon shugabanci na yawon bude ido - da aikin hajji a Makka. Hakika, da tafiya shi da wani rabo. Bayan haka, kamfanin hedkwatar Cook, dake Birnin London, ya bude wani sabon sashen musamman domin mahajjata.

duniya yawon shakatawa

Kamfanin "Thomas Cook kuma Ɗan" shi ne na farko shakatawa afareta, wanda aka yi amfani ga harkokin sufuri na abokan ciniki jirgin sama da wuraren. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1919. Tomas Kuk shirya zagaye na farko da duniya yawon shakatawa a 1872-73 shekaru. A tsawon lokaci da ya kasance 222 kwanaki. Matafiya a lokacin wannan lokaci ta rinjãya 25 dubu mil. Don tasbĩhi game da zagaye kwanan m Cook a shekarar 1991 ta shirya wani tafiya a duniya. Wannan lokaci ya dauki kawai kwanaki 34 gare shi.

Status Cook kuma suka gãje

Wajibi ne a biya haraji ga tanadi na kasuwa, da ikon shiga cikin cikakken bayani, don hango ko hasashen da dama yanayi. Lokacin da kafa yawon shakatawa, ya mutu (shi ya faru a 1892), da arziki da aka kiyasta ya zama wani babban Jimlar - 2497 fam. Ba laifi ga wani mutum wanda ya fara aiki a kawai 6 pence a mako. mahaifinsa kasuwanci da aka ci gaba da Dzhon Meyson Cook. Ya mutu 7 shekaru daga baya, da barin gadon dukiya, wanda aka kiyasta a 663.534 fam. Bayan mutuwarsa, al'amarin da aka dauka a kan ta jikoki - Thomas Albert, Ernest Edward da Frenka Genri. Zuriyar Thomas mallakar kamfanin har zuwa karshen 1920. Bayan haka, kamfanin management aka dauka a kan ta Association of 'Yan kasuwa.

KUKA yau

Kuma a cikin lokaci, a habaka harkokin kasuwanci, wanda ya fara zuwa Tomas Kuk. Tour sadarwarka, halitta shi, a yau shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi nagari kamfanin a filin na yawon shakatawa a Birtaniya Tsibirin. Tattalin arziki Manuniya ne na biyu kamfanin a Turai da kuma a duniya - da na uku. A Birtaniya, kazalika da a sauran kasashe akwai fiye da dubu na hukumomin. Yanzu kamfanin ma'aikata fiye da 16 da dubu. Ma'aikata.

Af, a Rasha akwai quite wani matasa kamfanin "Intourist - Tomas Kuk." Wannan shi ne sakamakon hada biyu da kamfanonin, mafi tsufa a cikin filin. "Intourist" da aka kafa a shekara ta 1929. Kafa a sakamakon hadakar da kamfanin aiki a cikin sabis na waje kasuwa da kuma yawon bude ido da kuma yayi wani fanni na mutum da kuma kungiyar yawon shakatawa a St. Petersburg, Moscow, Rasha arewacin birane da kuma Golden Zobe, da dai sauransu Company "Intourist - Tomas Kuk." Moscow aka located a 5th Donskoy tafiya, gina 15 (p. 5). Amma ba kawai a cikin babban birnin kasar, akwai wani kamfanin hade da sunan mu gwarzo. Kuma a sauran birane na kasar, za ka iya samun wani shiri, "Tomas Kuk" wanda ya bayyana a cikin title. Murmansk - daya daga cikinsu.