Thyristors - menene wannan? Ka'idar aiki da kuma halaye na thyristors

Thyristors - mai ikon lantarki sauya sarrafawa da incompletely. Sau da yawa, fasaha da littattafai, za ka iya ganin wani sunan na wannan na'urar - guda-manufa thyristor. A wasu kalmomin, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani iko alama, an canja shi zuwa wani jihar - gudanar. Idan mafi takamaiman, shi ya hada da sarkar. Wannan shi aka kashe, shi wajibi ne don haifar da yanayi na musamman da samar da sauke kai tsaye halin yanzu a cikin rangadi zuwa sifili.

Features thyristors

Thyristor keys gudanar da wutar lantarki ne kawai a gaba shugabanci, kuma shi zai iya tsayayya ba kawai kai tsaye a cikin rufaffiyar matsayi, amma kuma baya da irin ƙarfin lantarki. A tsarin da hudu-Layer thyristor, akwai uku karshe:

1. A anode (denoted da wasika A).
2. A cathode (harafin C ko K).
3. Ƙofar lantarki (U ko G).

A thyristors da dukan iyali na yanzu-ƙarfin lantarki halaye, su za a iya amfani da su yi hukunci a cikin jihar daga cikin kashi. Thyristors - mai iko sosai lantarki keys, su sami damar gudanar da sauya sheka haihuwarka, wani irin ƙarfin lantarki iya isa 5,000 volts da amperage - 5000 amperes (da mita ba mafi girma daga 1000 Hz).

Aiki thyristors a DC

Al'ada thyristor da aka kunna ta samar da wani halin yanzu bugun jini da iko m. Haka kuma, shi ya zama m (tare da girmamawa ga cathode). A tsawon lokaci na dõgẽwa kaya dogara halitta (inductive, aiki), da mawadãta, kuma kudi na tashin masu halin yanzu bugun jini a kula da kewaye, da zazzabi da semiconductor crystal da kuma amfani da irin ƙarfin lantarki da kuma na yanzu kewaye samuwa thyristors. Halaye kewaye shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan irin na semiconductor kashi.

A wannan rangadi, cikinsa da thyristor ne, unacceptably high aukuwa kudi na ƙarfin lantarki Yunƙurin. Wato, irin wannan darajar a da maras wata-wata sharuddan sauyawa rabi (ko da idan babu sigina a kula da kewaye). Amma a lokaci guda a cikin iko alama dole ne sosai high gangara.

hanyoyi kashe

Iri biyu ya sauya sheka thyristors ne:

1. Natural.
2. Tilasta.

Kuma yanzu a more daki-daki game da kowane. Halitta taso a lokacin da thyristor aiki a wani AC kewaye. Kuma ya aikata wannan commutation lokacin da na yanzu da dama da sifili. Amma a gudanar da wani tilasta sharuddan sauyawa na iya zama da yawa hanyoyi daban-daban. Abin da thyristor iko don zaɓar mai developer warware kewaye, amma ya kamata magana game da kowane irin dabam.

A mafi hankula hanya ne zuwa connect da tilasta commutation capacitor abin da aka caje a gaba ta hanyar amfani da wani button (key). LC-kewaye ne kunshe a cikin thyristor iko kewaye. Wannan sarkar ƙunshi mai cikakken caji a capacitor. Dõgẽwa hawa da sauka faruwa a halin yanzu kaya kewaye.

Hanyar tilasta commutation

Akwai da dama iri na tilasta commutation. Sau da yawa amfani da kewaye, wanda yana amfani da wani sharuddan sauyawa capacitor da ciwon juyawa polarity. Alal misali, capacitor za a iya sauya a cikin kewaye ta wajen wani karin thyristor. Wannan zai sa fitarwa zuwa firamare (aiki) thyristor. Wannan zai haifar da cewa capacitor halin yanzu fuskantar da kai tsaye halin yanzu babban thyristor, zai rage yanzu a kewaye saukar da sifili. Sanadiyar haka ne, za a kashe thyristor. Wannan ya faru domin dalilin cewa thyristor na'urar yana da halaye da suke na musamman domin shi.

Akwai kuma makircinsu a wadda LC-da alaka sarkar. Suna cajuwa (kuma tare da bambancin). A farkon sallama halin yanzu gudãna zuwa ga ma'aikacin, kuma su dabi'u bayan da gyara an akshe thyristor. Bayan sarkar na oscillatory halin yanzu gudana ta hanyar da thyristor a semiconductor diode. Saboda haka, idan dai halin yanzu gudana zuwa ga thyristor ne amfani da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki. Yana modulo daidaita da irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin diode.

Aiki thyristors a AC haihuwarka

Idan wani thyristor kunshe a wani AC kewaye, za a iya za'ayi irin wadannan ayyuka:

1. Enable ko musaki lantarki kewaye da aiki-resistive ko resistive load.
2. Change talakawan kuma rms halin yanzu wanda ya wuce ta kaya, tare da ikon sarrafa da samar da iko alama.

A thyristor keys, akwai daya fasalin - suka gudanar halin yanzu a daya shugabanci kawai. Saboda haka, idan a cikin haihuwarka zama dole yin amfani da alternating halin yanzu, dole a yi amfani counter-layi daya connection. Yanzu kuma talakawan halin yanzu dabi'u iya bambanta saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin da sigina a kan daban-daban thyristors. A wannan yanayin, da thyristor ikon dole ne sadu da m bukatun.

A lokaci iko Hanyar

Lokacin da lokaci iko Hanyar irin tare da tilasta sharuddan sauyawa kaya gyara faruwa ta canza kusassari tsakanin bulan. Artificial sharuddan sauyawa za a iya yi ta hanyar musamman haihuwarka, ko kuma dole ne ka yi amfani da wani cikakken gudanar (lockable) thyristors. A kan su akai, yakan sanya na'urar caja thyristor, wanda ba ka damar daidaita da ƙarfin halin yanzu , dangane da matakin da baturi cajin.

Pulse nisa modulated iko

Haka kuma an kira PWM daidaitowa. A lokacin bude na kula da siginar kawota ga thyristors. Canji ne bude, kuma yana da kaya irin ƙarfin lantarki. A lokacin rufe (a lokacin da dukan sauyin tsari) an ciyar da wani iko alama, Saboda haka thyristors ba gudanar halin yanzu. A aiwatar da lokaci iko halin yanzu kwana ba sinusoidal, wani canji a cikin irin ƙarfin lantarki siginar form. Saboda haka, akwai kuma rushe masu amfani da suke kula high mita disturbances (incompatibility bayyana). Simple zane yana da wani thyristor kayyadewa, wanda damar ba matsala don canja so darajar. Kuma ba lallai ba ne su yi amfani m Latro.

thyristors lockable

Thyristors - wannan shi ne mai iko sosai lantarki sauya amfani ga ya sauya sheka high voltages da igiyoyin. Amma akwai suna da daya babbar aibi - bai cika iko. Kuma idan musamman, ta bayyana cewa don kashe thyristor wajibi ne don haifar da yanayi a karkashin abin da kai tsaye halin yanzu za a rage zuwa sifili.

Yana da wannan fasalin ya dora wasu hani a kan yin amfani da thyristors, da kuma dagula kewaye dangane da su. Don rabu da irin raunin, da musamman zane na thyristors, wanda aka kulle alama a kan daya iko lantarki da aka ɓullo da. Suna da ake kira dvuhoperatsionnymi, ko kulle, thyristors.

The zane na thyristor nuna-kashe

Hudu-Layer tsarin p-n-p-n daga thyristor yana da halaye. Su ba su daban-daban daga al'ada thyristors. Yana yanzu ke zuwa cikakken kashi na iko. A halin yanzu-ƙarfin lantarki halayyar (a tsaye) ga gaba shugabanci ne guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin talakawa thyristors. A nan ne kawai kai tsaye halin yanzu thyristor iya aika da nisa fiye da kima. Amma tarewa high baya ƙarfin lantarki aiki a kulle thyristors ba a bayar. Saboda haka, dole ne a haɗa a anti-layi daya da cikin semiconductor diode.

A halayyar alama na ƙofar juya-kashe thyristor - wani gagarumin drop a gaba voltages. Domin cire haɗin, jerawa ya zama fitarwa zuwa iko da wani iko yanzu bugun jini (korau, a cikin wani rabo na 1: 5 ga wata kai tsaye halin yanzu darajar). Amma kawai bugun jini nisa ya zama kamar kananan kamar yadda zai yiwu - 10 ... 100 ms. Lockable thyristors da ƙananan iyaka darajar ƙarfin lantarki da kuma na yanzu fiye da saba. Bambanci ne game da 25-30%.

iri thyristors

Sama an dauke lockable, amma har yanzu akwai da yawa iri semiconductor thyristors, wanda su ma daraja ambata. A mafi daban-daban constructions (caja, sauya, ikon gwamnoni) amfani da wasu iri thyristors. Wani wuri da ake buƙata don sarrafa yi ta samar da hasken juyi, sa'an nan, ya yi amfani optotiristors. Its alama ne cewa semiconductor crystal aka yi amfani da iko da kewaye, wanda shi ne m zuwa ga haske. Sigogi thyristors ne daban-daban, duk da siffofin da suke na musamman domin su. Saboda haka ya zama dole a kalla a cikin general ra'ayin abin da iri semiconductors, akwai kuma inda za su iya a yi amfani. Saboda haka, a nan ne dukan jerin da kuma babban halaye na kowane irin:

1. Diode-thyristor. Daidai da wannan kashi - da thyristor an haɗa a anti-layi daya semiconductor diode.
2. Shockley diode (diode thyristor). Ya iya shiga cikin wani Jihar cikakken madugu, idan suka wuce wani irin ƙarfin lantarki matakin.
3. Triac (sym thyristor). M - biyu thyristors kunshe a anti-layi daya.
4. Thyristor inverter sauri high sharuddan sauyawa gudun bambanta (5 ... 50 ms).
5. Thyristors sarrafa su ɗauko. Za ka iya sau da yawa sami gina bisa MOS transistors.
6. Tantancewar thyristors, wadda iko da ya kwarara da haske.

Da aiwatar da tsaro kashi

Thyristors - suna da na'urorin da suke da muhimmanci ga kudi na Yunƙurin na gaba halin yanzu da kuma gaba ƙarfin lantarki. Domin su, kamar yadda na semiconductor diodes, halin da sabon abu na kwarara daga baya dawo halin yanzu, wanda shi ne mai azumi da kuma sharply da dama zuwa sifili, ƙara da wannan alama na karuwa. Wannan overvoltage ne saboda gaskiyar cewa hanzari tsaya a nan ba yanzu a duk abubuwa na kewaye, wanda da inductance (ko da matsananci low inductance halayyar da taro - da wayoyi, hanya katin). Don aiwatar da kariya zama dole yin amfani da daban-daban na makirci don ba da damar tsauri halaye kare da high voltages da igiyoyin.

Yadda aka saba, da inductive impedance na ƙarfin lantarki source, wanda aka kunshe a wani thyristor kewaye aiki, yana da darajar wannan da cewa shi ne fiye da isa ya tabbatar da cewa babu wani karin hada da wasu ƙarin kewaye inductance. A saboda wannan dalili, a yi akai-akai amfani da sarkar samuwar sauya sheka hanya wadda muhimmanci rage da kudi da kuma matakin na karuwa a kewaye a lokacin da thyristor aka kashe. Capacitive-Resistive sarkar mafi sau da yawa amfani da wadannan dalilai. Sun hada da wani thyristor a layi daya. Akwai quite 'yan iri kewaye gyare-gyare na wannan haihuwarka, kazalika da dabaru domin su lissafi, sigogi ga aiki na thyristors a daban-daban halaye da kuma yanayi. Amma da sarkar samuwar hanyar sauya sheka nuna-kashe thyristor ne guda a matsayin cewa daga cikin transistors.