Timur motsi: tarihi na asalin, akidar da kuma ban sha'awa facts

By kuma manyan, Timurovtsev sun kusan duk dalibai na Tarayyar Soviet. A marmarin taimaka mãsu bukãta wani daidai al'ada dauki ga wani musamman taron. Zai yiwu wannan dabi'a, watakila, shi ne ilimi. Amma godiya ga wannan dangane da duniya, wadannan yara timurovtsi ƙarshe zama real da taimako mutane. Sun kiyaye sunnar Timur motsi har abada. Kuma wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa, mafi muhimmanci ...

A littafin, wanda ba zai iya zama

Timur motsi fito a 1940. Wannan shi ne, a lokacin da kawai A. Gaidar wallafa karshe littafin game da wasu yara kungiyoyin, taimaka wa mutane. A aikin da aka kira, ba shakka, "Timur da tawagar."

Mako guda baya, daya daga cikin wurare an riga an buga. Bugu da kari, da m radiyo fara. A littafin ta samu nasara ne kawai babban.

A shekara daga baya, da samfurin ya juya daga quite a manyan yawa. Duk da wannan, shi yana a buga su daga 'yan sau.

Ko da yake wannan littafin zai taba zama a kan store shelves. Gaskiyar cewa ra'ayin yara Gaidar jam'iyya cewa kula da tsofaffi, duba sosai m. Tuno da na karshe yan shekaru da suka 30s.

Abin farin, alhakin da bazawa na aikin dauki sakataren Komsomol Mikhailov. Lokacin da littafin da aka buga, akwai kuma wani motsi hoto na wannan sunan. A ban mamaki shahararsa na tef bayyana lamarinsa na image na protagonist. Timur an misali da manufa na matasa ƙarni na cewa zamanin.

Trilogy game Timur

Ko kafin littafin na aikin Gaidar yi sha'awar a cikin matsaloli na soja ilimi dalibai. A cikin wani hali, da burbushi na wadannan bukatu da aka nuna a cikin wa diary da dukan ayyukan da Timur. Game da farko littafin mun kawai da aka ambata. Amma kadan daga baya, da marubuci ya rubuta da kuma na biyu samfurin. Yana da aka kira "The Kwamandan sansanin soja na snow." Characters riga tsunduma a wani irin yaki wasan. To, a farkon sosai na yaki Gaidar gudanar ya rubuta wani screenplay da kuma "The rantsuwa Timur". Daga cikin shafukan da, da ya yi magana game da bukatar yara kungiyar a cikin yanayi na yaki. A membobin wannan al'umma za ta zama a kan wajibi a lokacin Ɓoyo da kuma hare-hare. Za su tsare ƙasar yunkurin zagon kasa da kuma 'yan leƙen asirin za ta taimaka da sojoji da kuma iyalan manoma a cikin aikin. A gaskiya, shi ne abin da ya faru. Wani tambaya shi ne ko da marubucin gaske ya so ayyukansa na Timur don ƙirƙirar wasu madadin jagoran Organization ... Abin takaici, shi ne domin wasu ne ba mu sani.

A ra'ayin Gaidar

An ce Gaidar a cikin littattafai na Timur, ya bayana dandanawar Scout kungiyoyi a 10-s karni na ashirin da. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da ya jagoranci kungiyoyin yan koyo. Kuma a asirce, kamar halinsa Timur, yin ayyukan ƙwarai, ba tambayar su wata ijãra. By kuma manyan, matasa, taimakawa mabukata, a yanzu shi ne 'yan agaji.

Da yake jawabi na irin 'ya'yan kungiyar ta rubuta a cikin lokaci irin wannan shahara Figures a matsayin Anton Makarenko da Konstantin Paustovsky. Amma daya kawai Gaidar, alhãli kuwa kuna sane ko a jahilce, gudanar kawo wannan ra'ayin don rayuwa.

farko

Abin da taron shi ne farkon Timur motsi? Amsar alama a bayyane yake. Shi ne bayan bayyanar wani littafin game da Timur Timur fara na yau da kullum motsi. Akwai ma Game da raka'a.

Timurovtsi kansu zama, a gaskiya, kashi na Tarayyar Soviet ta akida tsarin. A daidai wannan lokaci da suka gudanar ya ci gaba da wani ruhu na ayyukan agaji.

Timurovtsi matasa sun abar. Su selflessly suka aikata ayyukan ƙwarai, taimaka wa tsofaffi, ya taimaki gama gonaki, kindergartens, kuma yafi. A takaice, akwai yanzu wani taro motsi na dalibai.

Wanda shi ne ya kafa Timur motsi? A farko detachment bayyana a 1940 a Klina cewa a cikin Moscow yankin. Af, a nan Gaidar ya rubuta "marar lalacewa" game da Timur da tawagar. Wannan detachment ne kawai shida matasa. Suka tafi zuwa wannan makaranta na Klin. Wadannan su irin wadannan kungiyoyi suka fito da dukan ƙasar na Tarayyar Soviet. Kuma, wani lokacin a daya daga cikin kananan kauyuka akwai 2-3 irin teams. Saboda wannan wuri, da kuma curiosities. Alal misali, matasa akai-akai yankakken itace ga tsofaffi mutum da uku sau sweeping yadi ...

A zamanin da girma War

A lokacin yakin, Timur motsi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka girma a wani ilmin lissafi ci gaban. A shekarar 1945, Tarayyar Soviet ya riga game da miliyan 3 timurovtsev. Wadannan matasa a zahiri sun makawa.

Irin raka'a aka aiki a yara gidajensu, a makarantu, a Palace na Pioneers da kuma makaranta cibiyoyin. Matasa suna da angarorin daga cikin iyalan jami'an da sojoji na ci gaba da taimaka girbi.

sojojin ma gudanar da wani babban aiki a cikin asibitoci. Saboda haka, Timurovtsev Gorky yankin gudanar ya shirya rauni kusan 10,000 mai son dangana. Su ne kullum a kan wajibi a asibitoci, a madadin daga cikin sojojin ya rubuta wasiƙu, da za'ayi a dama daban-daban chores.

Wani misali na Timur motsi faru a lokacin rani na 1943. Steamer "Pushkin" kashe hanya "Kazan - Stalingrad." A kan jirgin kamar yadda kaya - kyautai da aka tattara Timurovtsev jamhuriyar.

Kuma a cikin kewaye Leningrad da Nazis motsi timurovtsev samu wani muhimmanci na musamman. A 753 arewacin babban birnin kasar Timur hari amsa dubu goma sha biyu matasa. Su taimaka wa iyalan Tsohon soji, guragu kuma fansho. Su na da samun su ga man fetur, tsaftacewa da Apartment da kuma samun rationed abinci.

Af, a farkon 1942 zuwa dukan ƙasar da Tarayyar Soviet na farko timurovtsev rallies da aka gudanar. A wadannan abubuwan da aka ce musu game da sakamakon da nasara aiki.

Har ila yau a wannan lokaci akwai na farko songs Timur motsi, daga gare su, da "Hudu sada yara", "Ta yaya high sama mana sama," da kuma, ba shakka, "Song timurovtsev" Blanter. Daga baya aka rubuta irin wannan rare songs kamar "Gaydar tafiya gaba," "Song of Red Pathfinders", "Eaglets koyi ga tashi", "Timurovtsev" da sauransu.

Ural tawagar

Komawa ga lokaci na yaki, daya daga cikin shahararrun Timur teams wani detachment na haƙo gari na Plast, a cikin Chelyabinsk yankin. Yana da aka samu halartar ɗari biyu matasa. Kuma shi ya jagoranci shekaru 73 da haihuwa, Aleksandra Rychkova.

Unit da aka kafa a watan Agusta na 1941. Da kõra ta farko Rychkova ce cewa aikin zai yi zahiri da hawaye. A daidai wannan lokaci za a yi ba izni ga shekaru. Ta sanar da cewa, idan wani ya canza tunaninsa, zai iya barin nan da nan. Amma babu daya bar. Matasa da aka raba kungiyoyin da kuma sanya key.

Kowace rana Rychkova rarraba aikin shirin. Suka kuwa taimaki matalauta, da townspeople aka ce a gaban da yanayi, za mu gudanar da kide ga rauni a asibiti. Bugu da kari, sun tattara magani shuke-shuke, ya da karfe, itace girbe, aiki a filayen, suna da angarorin daga cikin iyalan Tsohon soji. Sun kuma amince da tsanani kasuwanci: timurovtsi rarrafe a cikin tarin ma'adinan da kankara da aka tattara.

Ya kamata a lura, duk da aikin, matasa har yanzu ci gaba da zuwa makaranta darussa.

A sakamakon haka, domin watanni shida daga cikin samuwar tawagar ya iya lashe wani gaske kyau kwarai suna. Ko jami'an sun gano yara dakin sandarsa. Game da Timurovtsev wannan haƙo gari akai-akai rubuta a periodicals. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan detachment aka ambata a cikin Encyclopedia of Great Patriotic War.

Kan aiwatar da tattara abubuwa masu kyau na Pioneers timurovtsev

A shekarar 1942 malaman sun kasance a wasu disarray. Gaskiyar cewa Timur raka'a, a gaskiya, ya fara kau da jagoran squads. Ka tuna littafin game da Timur gaya mana game da "samodistsipliniruyuschemsya" tawagar. Yana duk aikinsu matasa shan a kansu warware duk matsalolin ba tare da adult dubawa.

A sakamakon haka, shugabannin Sun kwaminis League ya yi shawara da dangantaka da ƙungiyar majagaba da timurovtsev. Bayan wani lokaci cikin mambobi na Komsomol ya iya kai su a karkashin iko.

By kuma manyan, a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki tanã da bayyane abũbuwan amfãni, kuma babban rashin. Ayyukan timurovtsev aka dauke mafi form Pioneers aiki.

da postwar lokaci

Nan da nan bayan nasara a kan farkisanci invaders timurovtsi ci gaba da taimaka Tsohon soji, guragu da kuma tsofaffi. Sun kuma yi kokari su kula da kaburbura na Red Army sojoji.

Amma a lokaci guda da motsi ya fara Fade. Zai yiwu dalilin shi ne cewa timurovtsi da kadan marmarin "shiga" da darajõji daga cikin jagoran kungiyar. Da suka rasa 'yancin zabi.

A Tarurrukan na motsi kawai ya fara tare da Khrushchev ta "narke" ...

60-80

Tarihi Timur motsi a Rasha ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, matasa sun ci gaba da tafiyar da harkar amfani da ayyukan. A mafi kyau da aka bayar da kyaututtuka. Alal misali, wani goma sha-shekara yar makaranta M. Nahangovoy Tajikistan gudanar ya fi da kudi ga ya fara tasawa ne sau bakwai da auduga girbi. Ta aka bayar da Order of Lenin.

Timurovtsi da kuma fara shiga a cikin search aiki. Saboda haka, da suka soma nazarin rayuwa na A. Gaidar kuma, a sakamakon, ya taimaka, wajen bude wani gidan kayan gargajiya na marubuci a wani yawan biranensu. To shirya library mai suna bayan da marubuci ta gidan kayan gargajiya a Kanev.

Kuma a cikin '70s a lokacin da Soviet version daga cikin shahararrun mujallar "Majagaba" da aka kafa da ake kira Union hedkwatar Timur. Punctually da kuma zargin sun timurovtsev. Rayayye aka hada da karanta Littafin waqoqi game Timur motsi. A 1973, a sansanin "Artek", na farko All-Union haduwa. A taron ya samu halartar uku da rabi dubu wakilai. Su sa'an nan gudanar ya dauki ko da wani shirin Timur motsi da nufin ta aiki ci gaba.

Lura, wadannan umarnin da aka halitta a Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia da gabashin Jamus.

A rushewar Tarurrukan motsi

A farkon 90s da rawar da Young kwaminis League da kuma Sun Pioneers aka ayyana zaunar. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun hukumance daina wanzuwa. Haka kuma, irin wannan rabo jiran da Timur motsi.

Amma kusan a lokaci guda shi ne ya halitta "Federation of Children ta Organizations", m na kowace jam'iyyar siyasa ba. Bayan 'yan shekaru, da Rasha, shugaban ya bayyana cewa halittar motsi Rasha makaranta. Ya kamata a lura cewa ra'ayin da kuma goyan bayan malamai.

Jim kadan kafin shi da aka hukuma da kafa da wani sabon Timur (sa kai) motsi, da nufin taimaka m kungiyoyin.

sabon lokaci

Saboda haka, a cikin lokaci da al'adar da motsi tsira Timur. Irin wadannan kungiyoyi wanzu a dama yankuna. Alal misali, a Hive cewa Ivanov lardin aiki da matasa motsi timurovtsev. Kamar yadda kafin, za su ba kawai taimaka mãsu bukãta, amma kuma kokarin zama da amfani ga jama'a.

Ina murna da cewa wannan yunkuri da aka sake yada a ko'ina ...