Littattafai da rubuce-rubuce, Shayari
Timur na kwanan lokaci (rayuwa da aiki). Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873 gg.)
Fedor Tyutchev mawaki ne wanda aikinsa kyauta ne na wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Ayyukansa suna da mahimmanci kuma suna da yawa, kalmominsa suna cikin juyayi, wuri mai faɗi da falsafa, ƙauna da tunani. Tuntun tarihin Tyutchev a takaice dai, amma yana nuna ainihin shekarun mawaki.
Yaran yara na mawãƙi
Tafin tarihin Tyutchev a farkon shekarun rayuwarsa ya bayyana mawaki na yara da matasa. Tyutchev ya rubuta mawallafinsa na farko "Ga masoyi na" a lokacin da yake da shekaru 15. Duk da yake a makarantar gida, FI Tyutchev riga yana da shekaru goma sha biyu a cikin fassarar Horace. "An wallafa wasiƙar Horace zuwa Maecenas" a cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar 'yan ƙaunar litattafan Rasha, wanda mamba a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar shine Fyodor Tyutchev (hoto na iya gani a cikin labarin da ke ƙasa).
Matasa
Yawancin waqoqi game da zafin da kuma haɗin kai an rubuta su a cikin daliban dalibai na mawaki, lokacin da kewayon sadarwa ya hada da marubucin masu wallafa da masu sukar.
A 1828, shahararren masanin "I Love the Storm at the Beginning of May" ya buga, wanda Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev ya rubuta. Ma'anar mawaki suna ɗaukar nauyin haɗari. Ya haɗu da bangarorin biyu na al'ada: wuri mai zurfi da zurfi, ciki, da hankali.
Publications
Bayan mawallafan da aka buga a Sovremennik "Ba wai ka wriggle, yanayi", "A cikin iska mai zurfi" Tyutchev ya fara magana game da shahararrun mawaƙa da marubucin lokaci. Waqansa suna da nau'o'in ilimin falsafa da na alama. Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin aljihu na Fyodor Ivanovich sune ruhaniya da mutunci, hoton da tunani game da ita sun zama daya. Mawallafin malamin-rubuce ya fahimci wata alama mai mahimmanci a zamaninsa. Halitta Tyutchev da aka sanya tare da damuwa da bala'i. Tyutchev ba ta goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma yana da sha'awar abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi.
Tebur na tarihin Tiutchev
| Nuwamba 23 (bisa ga sabon salon na Disamba 5) 1803 | Fedor Ivanovich An haifi Tyutchev. Biography na babban waƙen fara a cikin Orel lardin (yanzu Bryansk yankin) |
| 1810 | Tyutchev ya koma Moscow ya zauna a gidansa a Armenian Lane. Iyaye sun yanke shawarar sanya dan Fedor jagorar kuma ya zaɓi mawaki da mai fassara S. Ye. Raich. Malamin ya kware a Fyodor Ivanovich sha'awar wallafe-wallafe da kuma shayari tun daga farkon tsufa, kuma a yanzu yana da shekaru goma sha biyu na Tyutchev wanda aka fassara Horace |
| 1812 | Lokacin da Napoleon ke zaune a Moscow, iyalin Tyutchev suka koma Yaroslavl, sa'an nan suka koma Moscow |
| 1819 | A wannan shekara an buga aikin farko na Fedor Tyutchev - fassarar "Epistles na Horace zuwa Maecenas". A lokacin kaka, mawallafin mawallafin Rasha mai zuwa ya shiga Jami'ar Moscow a lakabin rubutu |
| Kwanni na 1821 | Fedor Tyutchev ya zama dan takarar kimiyya. Tare da wannan, an gayyace shi ya yi aiki a Turai a matsayin jami'in kulawa |
| 1822 | A Yuli Tiutchev ya bar Munich. A cikin wannan birni yana rayuwa shekaru 22 masu zuwa. A Bavaria, yana aiki sosai wajen fassara ayyukan da marubucin su kamar Heine da Schiller. A Munich, Fyodor Tyutchev ya damu sosai da falsafar Jamus da romantic shayari, a wannan lokaci babban marubuci na Rasha ya samo salo na musamman, na musamman |
| Shekara 1823 | Tyutchev ya sadu da Amalia von Lerchenfeld, 'yar bacciyar Sarkin Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm III. Tyutchev yana jin daɗin ƙauna da ita kuma yana ƙoƙarin cimma burinta. Amma yayin da Fyodor Ivanovich ke da nisa, 'yar sarauniya ta yi aure da baron wanda yake abokin aiki ne na mawallafin Rasha. |
| Shekara 1826 | A watan Maris, matasa Tyutchev sun auri Countess Botmer. Ta kasance shekaru 4 da haihuwa fiye da Fedor Ivanovich, gwauruwa, tana da 'ya'ya 4 ƙanana daga auren farko. Mawaki ya zauna tare da Countess of Botmer na tsawon shekaru 12, a cikin wannan aure an haifi 'ya'ya mata uku. Cikakken Fedor Tyutchev a wancan lokaci yana da matukar matsanancin hali, iyalin yana cikin bashi kusan duk lokacin |
| 1828 | An rubuta shi daya daga cikin waƙoƙin Rashanci mafi shahararrun "Ina son hadirin a farkon watan Mayu" |
| 1829 | Rubutun da aka rubuta "Maraice na Maraice", "Rashin ciki" da kuma "Vision", wanda ya jaddada muhimmancin kalmomi na Tyutchev |
| 1830 | An halicci wani babban abu na wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafe Silentium!, Da kuma "Maraice Maraice" |
| 1833 | A watan Fabrairu, mawaki ya hadu da Ernestina Denberg mai shekaru 22, 'yar uwargidan Pfeffel. Tana da kyau sosai, Tyutchev ba zai iya wucewa ba. Tarihin mawallafin-mawallafi ya sami wata juyi. Matarsa mai suna Eleanor ta gano game da sabuwar mijinta ta mijinta kuma har ma ya so ya kashe kansa, amma ya gafarta Tyutchev. Wannan labari ya kasance mai ban mamaki, har ma ya tafi har yanzu cewa Fedor Ivanovich ya canja daga Munich zuwa Turin |
| 1836 | Akwai wani muhimmin abu ga aikin Tyutchev. Pushkin a cikin mujallarsa "Contemporary" ya wallafa waƙar fata Fyodor Ivanovich |
| 1838 | Agusta 28, matar Tyutchev Eleanor ta rasu. Fedor Ivanovich ya sha wahala sosai da mutuwar matarsa |
| 1839 | Fedor Tyutchev ta yanke shawarar yin auren sha'awar Ernestina, duk da cewa gashin kansu yana haifar da rikici a cikin al'umma. A cikin aure Ernestina ta haifi 'ya'ya maza 2 mawaƙa |
| Shekara 1841 | An haramta mawaki girman matsayi na yar majalisar, an cire shi daga aikin farar hula |
| 1843 | Tyutchev ya rubuta rubutun siyasa da yawa: "Rasha da Jamus," "Rasha da Juyin Juyin Halitta," yana aiki akan wani aiki "" Rasha da Yamma " |
| 1844 | Babban mawallafin {asar Rasha ya koma {asar Russia, ya fara yin aiki a cikin rayuwar jama'ar} asar |
| 1848 | Harkokin siyasar Fyodor Ivanovich sunyi sha'awar Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I. Nautchev ya sake ba da sunan Chamberlain kuma ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta aiki a St. Petersburg |
| 1850 | Fedor da dama a cikin soyayya da Elenu Denisevu wanda ya yi aiki classy lady in da Smolny Institute, wanda horar da mawãƙi 'yar. A lokaci guda, ci gaba da ƙaunar Ernestina, Tyutchev ya yanke shawarar zama a cikin gidaje biyu. Elena Denisyeva kuma yana son Tyutchev. Tana ta haifi dan mawaki da 'yar, wanda daga bisani ya sami mummunan rai a wannan lokacin "marar tushe" |
| Shekara ta 1851 | Marubucin ya rubuta mawaki "Yaya murna da rawar raƙuman zafi," "Oh, yadda muke son mu" |
| Shekara ta 1854 | Kundin farko na waƙoƙin da Fedor Tyutchev ya buga. Baya ga "Contemporary" 92 waƙa an buga. Daga cikin su, waƙar "Ƙaunar Ƙarshe", wacce aka keɓe wa Denisyeva. Ya yaba da kerawa Tiutchev Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy |
| Mayu 22, 1864 | Elena Denisyeva ta haifi wani ɗa daga Tyutchev. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta karbi tuberculosis kuma ta mutu. Tyutchev duk rayuwarsa ta zargi kanta mutuwarta. Bayan mutuwar Elena Denisyeva Tyutchev ya sake saduwa da matarsa Ernestina. Yawan shekarun rayuwarsa marubucin ya ba da kansa ga matsalolin siyasa kuma ya shiga cikin binciken da ya dace na manufofin Rasha. |
| 1868 | Kashi na biyu na Fedor Tyutchev ya bayyana a cikin bugawa |
| Janairu 1, 1873 | Tyutchev ya yi tafiya, amma nan da nan ya dawo, rabin jikinsa ya cike da ciwo |
| Yuli 15, 1873 | Babban mawallafin Rasha ya mutu a Tsarskoe Selo |
Na farko aure
Kafin haihuwar 'yar marigayi Tyutchev ta cika da jin dadi ga matarsa na farko, Eleanor Botmer. Kafin zalunci na 'yan majalisa,' yan kaɗan zasu iya tsayawa.
Rabi na biyu na rayuwa
Tafin jerin lokutta na rabi na biyu na mawaki na Tyutchev ya cika da abubuwan da suka faru. Tuni a 1834 mawaki ya fara wani al'amari tare da 'yar'uwar' yar jarida mai suna Pfeffel. Bayan mutuwar matarsa ta fari, Tyutchev ta shiga cikin auren tare da Ernestina.
A 1848, marubucin ya rubuta waka "Sea and Rock". A cikin wannan ya bayyana rashin lafiyar mutum kafin rabuwa, a gaban yanayi da hargitsi na duniya a duniya.
Matsayin ƙarshe na mawãƙi
A shekarar 1850-1855 Tyutchev ya ƙaunaci ɗayan 'yarsa Elena Denisyev, ya haifar da "Denisyevsky cycle". Mawallafinsa mai suna "Oh, yadda muke ƙauna" mun keɓe ta. Ƙaunar da aka raira a cikin waɗannan waƙoƙi shine kawai ma'anar rayuwa, kadai hanyar da za ta sami ɗan adam, farin cikin ƙasa. Marubucin ya kira ta da ni'ima da rashin bege.
Slavophile shayari
Nuwamba 28, 1866 marubucin ya rubuta wani waka mai suna "Mind ba ya fahimci Rasha." Yana nuna cikakken ra'ayoyin Slavophile, wanda Feodor Ivanovich Tyutchev ya gabatar sosai. The ayoyi bayyana siffofin da Rasha haukan, m hali na Rasha mutane, da fāɗin da kuma karimci.
Mutuwa
Janairu 1, 1873 Fyodor Ivanovich ya yi tafiya, inda daga bisani ya koma gida a cikin wani wuri maras sani. Hagu na hagu na jikinsa ya gurgunta. Yuli 15, a wannan shekarar mai girma mawallafin Rasha ya mutu.
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