Tsarin Numfashi a kwari. Koyi yadda numfashi kwari

Tsarin Numfashi a kwari ne da wani cikakken tunani na su salon. Tun da wadannan halittu suke duk lokacin da a ƙasa, suna numfashi na musamman ta hanyar trachea, wanda da yawa fiye da ci gaba fiye da wadanda na sauran mazaunan duniya tamu. A ãdalci shi ya kamata a jaddada cewa, akwai wasu superclasses kwari da cewa rayuwa a cikin ruwa, ko sau da yawa akwai. A wannan yanayin da numfashi tsarin kwari wakilta gills. Duk da haka, shi ne musamman rare a cikin wannan aji, saboda mun jarraba su a matsayin sosai a taƙaice. To, matsa zuwa wani karin cikakken nazarin ilmin halitta sashe.

TOTALS

Saboda haka, numfashi tsarin kwari da aka wakilta mana a cikin nau'i na trachea. Daga su zo da yawa rassan, wanda aka rarraba wa dukan da muhimmanci gabobin da kuma tsarin na maraƙi. Dukan jiki, fãce da kai (cewa shi ne thorax da ciki) ke ta rufe kantuna - spiracles. Sũ ne waɗanda suka samar da tracheal tsarin, ta hanyar abin da mafi yawan kwari ne iya numfashi ta hanyar da surface na jikinsa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa spiracles an kare daga waje yanayi samuwar kasashe musamman bawuloli. Su sauri zuwa amsa kiran da ya kwarara daga iska ta hanyar lafiya tsoka ci gaba. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa spiracles suna located a tarnaƙi daga kowane jiki sashi. The girman da takware ne daidaitacce, inda da canje-canje da kuma tracheal lumen.

iska tsari

Don fahimta sosai yadda kwari numfashi, yana da muhimmanci na farko fahimci cewa kowane tracheal tsarin da yake a cikin jiki, ko da yaushe ventilated. Ake bukata iska ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bawuloli cewa an located tare da jiki, wajen magana, aka buɗe kuma rufe da wani jadawali da aka hadewa. Alal misali, ka yi la'akari da yadda a irin wannan tsari ya auku a fara. A lokacin bude gaban iska mashiga 4 spiracles (daga gare su biyu da kuma biyu pectoral ciki gaban). A wannan lokaci, duk sauran (6 raya) ne a cikin rufaffiyar matsayi. Bayan da iska makale a cikin jiki, suna rufe duk spiracles, sa'an nan bude auku a cikin wadannan jerin: 6 bude raya da kuma gaban 4 kasance a rufe.

Basic numfashi ƙungiyoyi

Mutane da yawa da suka wuce, masana kimiyya, ta nazarin yadda kwari numfashi, ya lura da cewa jikinsu a wasu hanya da aka matsa da decompressed. Wannan tsari ya lokaci daya tare da oxygen shigar da tsari a cikin jiki, sabili da haka an kammala da cewa da yawa wakilan arthropod numfashi godiya ga daidaitattun inji mataki. Kamar wancan ne da numfashi tsarin kwari iya aiki ta rage da mutum sassan na ciki. Wannan irin "numfashi" peculiar zai fi dacewa duka Dukkansu halittu. Wadanda mutane suke samu partially ko gaba daya a cikin ruwa, da kuma halin da akan rage wasu thoracic yankin. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa shi ne mai tsoka ƙanƙancewa ya auku a kan exhalation. Lokacin da iska shiga jiki, duk da na ciki da kuma thoracic segments kwaro conversely fadada da kuma shakata gaba daya.

A tsarin da trachea

Yana trachea, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da aka wakilta numfashi tsarin na kwari. Ga yara a irin wannan ra'ayi yana iya zama ma wuya, saboda idan ka bayyana da nazarin halittu aiwatar da yaro, gaya masa ya fara da, shi ya dubi kamar wannan ne numfashi sashin jiki. All kusan kowace kwaro trachea - wani dabam data kasance akwati. Ya dauke shi daga bawul din ta hanyar da spiracles. Daga cikin tracheal tube fãra rassan, wanda aka wakilta a cikin wani nau'i na karkace. Kowane reshe ne kafa na sosai m cuticle, wanda aka yaushe tam kulle a wurin. Ta hanyar wannan reshe ba fada kashe, ba garwaya domin jiki na kwari ko da yaushe adana gibba ta hanyar wanda zai iya kullum kewaya oxygen, carbon dioxide da water vapour, ba tare da wanda rayuwar wannan aji ne mara kyau.

A daban-daban tashi kwari?

A kadan daban-daban dubi numfashi tsarin kwari da za su iya tashi. A wannan yanayin, sai jikunansu su suna sanye take da ake kira iska sacs. Suna kafa saboda gaskiya cewa fadada tracheal tube. Haka kuma, wadannan fadada nisa mafi girma fiye da nisa daga cikin bigiren numfashi sashin jiki. Wani halayyar alama na wadannan jakunkuna - ba su karkace like, domin su nuna hali fiye da hannu a cikin jikin kwaro. Fadada da ƙanƙancewa na iska sacs a tashi kwari faruwa passively. A lokacin inhalation, jiki qara a lokacin exhalation - da bi, rage. A wannan tsari, kawai ta amfani da tsokoki da cewa ta sarrafa komai. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa numfashi tsarin kwari da cewa suna yawo, don haka ya shirya, sai su zama a kan wani tsawon lokaci zuwa kama mafi oxygen.

Kwari da suke da gills

Arthropod mazaunan kududdufai, kamar yadda idan kifi da gills da gill takware. A wannan yanayin, da numfashi tsari ne har yanzu saboda tracheitis, duk da haka, tsarin a cikin jiki rufe. Kamar wancan oxygen daga ruwa shiga jiki ba ta da spiracles, kuma ta hanyar gill slits, sa'an nan ya shiga cikin shambura da spirals. Idan kwaro yana shirya irin wannan cewa tare da aiwatar da maturation aka zaba daga wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici fara zauna a ƙasa, ko kuma a cikin iska, da gills ne alãma cewa vuya. Ya fara ci gaba fiye rayayye da tracheal tsarin, girma karfi, da kuma karkace tube da kuma numfashi tsari ba yana da wani abu da ya yi tare gills.

ƙarshe

A takaice, mu rufe yadda numfashi tsarin kwari fiye da shi ne halin da iri-iri da kuma wanda za a iya samu a yanayi. Idan ka tono zurfi, za ka iya ganin cewa numfashi tsarin na arthropod daban-daban Categories ne quite daban-daban daga juna, da kuma mafi yawan su ne siffofin da dogara a kan mazauninsu na daban-daban jinsunan.