Tumatir iri domin Leningrad yankin. Tumatir iri for greenhouses da kuma bude ƙasa

Tumatir ne lokaci mai tsawo da kuma zama wani ɓangare na rage cin abinci na da talakawan mutum. Sabo a kakar, gwangwani ko pickled a hunturu, sun yi dogon tun daina zama delicacy samuwa. Su suna girma a ko'ina, a greenhouses da kuma a bude ƙasa a da dama climatic zones. Tumatir iri domin Leningrad yankin raba mukamin musamman domin a Arewa-Maso-Yamma yankin na Rasha.

tsarin karba-karba

The sosai ra'ayi na karba-karba iri na shuke-shuke bai fito fili daga babu inda. Domin shekaru masu yawa, masana sun yi kokarin kawo iri dace namo a takamaiman yanayin damina.

Don yin wannan, a da sanya yankunan (kamar Leningrad yankin) dasa da dama iri da kuma hybrids na tumatir da wannan. A shuke-shuke suna kimanta ga yawan amfanin ƙasa, earliness, dandano, recyclability, jure cutar. Su kuma sun hada da tattalin arziki Manuniya da kuma kudin da naúrar na samarwa.

Bayan na sosai bincike na duk bayanai, ko da wani matasan iri-iri, gane a matsayin mafi kyau a cikin dukan Manuniya, yarda da jihar Hukumar Iri-iri gwaji da kuma bada shawarar ga namo a Birnin Leningrad, yankin.

Wannan shi ne mai tsawo da kuma laborious aiki. A na gaba mataki da ɗawainiyar don girma isa tumatir tsaba ga Leningrad yankin. Kuma zuwa ga samar da dasa kayan dole ba ne kawai manyan tattalin arzikin, amma kuma wata babbar rundunar lambu.

Nagari iri domin Leningrad yankin

A lokacin da shekaru na gwaje-gwajen da kuma kwarewa daga masu yawa iri da kuma hybrids na tumatir da aka janye. Saboda da manyan size na ƙasa da kuma gauraye da yanayi da ake dauka la'akari ko da yammacin kuma gabashin yankin na zone. Mafi na kowa irin tumatir domin Leningrad yankin a cikin ra'ayi na girma Hanyar:

• bude ƙasa, "da Dwarf 1185".
• Greenhouses: "Leningrad precocious".
• m film mafaka, "Neva".
• greenhouses "compactor gribovsky 1180".

Akwai kuma rarrabuwa na tumatir da Hanyar amfani, da launi da kuma irin daji 'ya'yan itãcen marmari:

• kiyayewa, "hanci", "yatsa", "jigila".
• sabo amfani, "wakiltar", "cameo", "grand", "GNOME", "gay", "Oak".
• latas iri, "sukar lamiri", "lotus", "Ilya Muromets", "Malinka", "Dawn F1».
• tumatur, orange: "Rosinka", "enchantress".
• farkon-maturing Stam: "Eugene", "yatsa", "jigila", "Argo."

sauyin yanayi Features

A sauyin yanayi na Leningrad yankin ne moderately taushi a duka rani da kuma hunturu. Inconstancy na yanayin - ta babban alama. A yanayin iya canza cika fuska a cikin wani haske rana a wani shugabanci - a kan wani haske rana sama da ruwan sama. Ga za ka iya ƙara, kuma m tsananin iska da suke da halayyar ga wannan yankin.

Yana da wani m rikitarwa aiki - domin a kawo karfi irin tumatir a Birnin Leningrad, Oblast, ya zare ɗauke da kaifi canji na yanayi, zafi, zafin jiki, da kuma jure iska hare-hare. Shayarwa sun samu nasarar sun jimre da aiki da kuma kawo hybrids da kuma irin nasarar horar da a yankin.

m aikin injiniya

Tumatur - haske-m shuke-shuke, su ya kamata a dasa a kan m gefe. Ake bukata m watering (tumatir 90% ruwa), da kuma yin shi ne mafi alhẽri a rana.

Fara ciyar a wani wuri mataki, sa'an nan yin hutu kafin samuwar ovaries. An overabundance nitrogen taki iya rage shuka girma.

Don yadda ya kamata faru pollination tsari, za ka bukatar a hankali girgiza da shuka ta kara. Wannan hanya ya kamata a maimaita 3-4 sau a mako da safe.

Dates na shuka tsaba

Tumatir tsaba domin shuka da Leningrad yankin a tsananin ayyana lokaci. Don yadda ya kamata lissafi su, akwai buƙatar ka kai wani talakawan transplanting lokaci a cikin greenhouse da kai daga gare shi, kamar da lambobi, da ganiya shekaru seedlings da kuma ƙara kalma germination.

Early iri suna dasa a cikin greenhouse Yuni 1 da shekaru seedlings 50 kwanaki, matsananci-m shuka har Afrilu 15, marigayi dasa ba a baya fiye Maris 10, shawarar seedling shekaru zuwa 70 days. Idan muka magana game da tumatur domin bude ƙasa: iri za a iya sown a cikin ƙasa da 1st zuwa 5th na Afrilu.

Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa gona dole ne dumama zuwa zurfin saukowa a kalla 10 ° ^C. A arewacin yankunan da yankin saukowa lokaci ne canja zuwa kwanan baya, da rata ne tsakanin 7 zuwa 12 days. A cikin wadannan yankunan, frosts ne zai yiwu a cikin makon farko na watan Yuni.

Gona da irin ne mai muhimmanci. Sandy dumama yawa sauri da kuma zurfi fiye da loamy.

Dates girbi

A daina da tumatir ripens a kan jakin, ta fi ta iyawa. Ripeness za a iya ƙaddara ba kawai a kan ido (a cikin mataki na redness), amma kuma ga tabawa.

Saki irin tumatir domin Leningrad yankin an cire tare da farko na sanyi weather, a lokacin da tumatir gushe girma da nunarsa. Wajen wannan shi ne karshen watan Agusta. Amma yanayin da yaushe sa da kansa sabawa, da kuma a shekara a kan shekara ba dole ba ne. Cikakken housekeeping tumatir ya shafi digging da ƙasa a cikin greenhouses, kayan lambu gidãjen Aljanna, da kuma kawar da ciyayi sharan. Its mafi don ya ƙona domin kauce wa yiwu baza tumatir cututtuka.

"Agatha"

A iri-iri "Agatha" tumatir nasa ne a rukuni na farkon-ripening tumatir. Daga germination zuwa farkon fruiting faruwa game da 105 days. M iri-iri da ke tsiro da kyau da kuma Bears 'ya'yan itace a greenhouses da kuma a kan bude ƙasa. Tsire-tsire ba Stam, tsawo daga cikin daji - har zuwa 45 cm, wanda yana da muhimmanci a high iskõki.

tumatur ripening taimaka musu kauce wa marigayi burtuntuna, wanda shi ne mai saukin kamuwa zuwa iri-iri. Farkon girbi ne da za'ayi kafin taro yaduwar cutar.

Da murabba'in mita dasa a 4 shuke-shuke, suna bukatar yau da kullum watering, mafi tare da dumi ruwa. Gona, takin sau da yawa a lokacin da girma kakar.

Description na tumatir: 'ya'yan ploskookrugloy form yin la'akari 80 grams a kan talakawan, tare da wani babban abun ciki na bushe al'amari na jan launi, mai dadi dadi dandano, overripe kuma ba crack. Da ake samu daya daji na iya zama har zuwa 4 kg. A goga nunarsa 'ya'yan zuwa 6.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari jure sufuri da kyau. Yi amfani da tumatir for hunturu shirye-shirye, canning.

Easy tabbatarwa da kuma high dace sa iri-iri "Agatha" ne mai tsananin kyau ga mai son lambu.

"Ballad"

Tumatir "Ballad" - tsakiyar-farkon iri-iri. Daga farko zargin da shuke-shuke kafin ripening faruwa game da kwanaki 120. Amfani da dasa a bude ƙasa, amma za a iya girma a greenhouses. Height daji m kai 50 cm da murabba'in mita a kan talakawan 8 dasa tsire-tsire.

fetal zagaye siffar, za a iya auna 180 grams, Color - duhu ja. A dandano na zaki da 'ya'yan itace, shi ne daidai dace don samar da tumatir manna da kuma samar da ruwan tumatir. Da ake samu na zuwa 80 ton a kowace 1 kadada. Don warware abũbuwan amfãni hada da kusan lokaci daya ripening.

A iri-iri na bukatar mai da hankali kula: dace watering, kasar gona nõmansa, ƙasa taki a greenhouses - na yau da kullum iska (air dole su zama a bushe).

A rarrabe - juriya ga marigayi varna, kwayar cututtuka, apical rot. Yana tolerates handling da kuma daidai kiyaye dogon lokaci.

"White cika"

Wani rare iri-iri - Tomato "White cika". Reviews growers a dama yankuna na Ukraine, Rasha, Moldova, Kazakhstan ya tabbatar da suna a matsayin wani unpretentious da kuma iya bada wani girbi mai kyau a kusan duk wani yanayi.

High dokin sanyi yiwu girma shi a cikin Birnin Leningrad yankin a cikin bude filin. Wannan farkon maturing iri-iri, daga dasa zuwa farkon ripening ne kawai kwanaki 100. Da murabba'in mita dasa zuwa 9 shuke-shuke. A tsawo daga cikin daji zuwa 50 cm. Care rage loosening na kasar gona, weeding, watering (dumi ruwa) da kuma ciyar da.

A 'ya'yan itace, dan kadan ribbed, taso keya, har zuwa 140 grams a cikin nauyi, ja, resistant zuwa fatattaka, m ga sabo amfani da salads. Da ake samu na zuwa 9 kg daga daya daji, wanda, ba shakka, da ke sa a rare tumatir "White cika". Reviews na 'ya'yan itace da kanta ne sosai flattering. Fleshy, sweetish, su ne dace da amfani ba kawai mike daga cikin lambu, amma kuma da tsare da salting.

Chorus ripening taimaka hana taro rarraba Phytophthora. Early ripening lokaci, m, ku ɗanɗani 'ya'yan inganci da juriya ga sanyi da iska sanya wannan sosai m raba for girma a cikin Birnin Leningrad yankin.

Tumatir "gin"

Description of iri-iri da ka iya fara da cewa shi ne halin high yawan aiki - 10 kg da murabba'in mita. Yana za a iya girma a karkashin cover ko a cikin bude ƙasa. Early maturing iri-iri - har zuwa 110 days daga germination zuwa na farko gestation. A tsawo daga cikin daji - har zuwa 60 cm da murabba'in mita zuwa 4 guda dasa irin shuka, kamar tumatir "Gina".

Description da tayin

Weight - 280 grams, launi - ja, nau'i - ploskookrugloy. Ku ɗanɗani halaye ne high: m, fleshy, m. Cikakken daidaito an tabbatar fetal high bushe al'amarin abun ciki. Cikakke ga sabo amfani da farkon kiyayewa. M kwasfa damar na dogon lokaci domin ci gaba da tumatir.

Don samun mai kyau da kuma farkon girbi bada shawarar a sassauta kasar gona, weeding, watering da dumi ruwa (a kalla 1 lokaci na mako daya) kuma su ciyar ciyar. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa cututtuka irin su Fusarium, Verticillium zã.

"Yamal"

Tumatir cultivar "Yamal" sosai precocious. Maturation daukan wuri domin 85 kwana da kuma na iya wuce har farko sanyi. Daya daga cikin mafi rare iri a manoman na arewacin yankunan. Shi ne fin so zuwa girma tumatir a greenhouses.

A 'ya'yan itatuwa da wani talakawan nauyi na 100 g, taso keya, da santsi, ja. A tumatir dadi da dandano. Tumatir ne na kowa da kowa a cikin yin amfani da, dace da sabo amfani da matsayin guraben domin hunturu.

Undemanding iri-iri, resistant zuwa mummunan yanayi da kuma rashin sunshine. Girman kananan daji -. 50 cm da murabba'in mita za a iya dasa bushes 7-9. Yawan aiki ne high - har zuwa 20 kg 1 m ^2.

Ga tumatir bukatar kadan tabbatarwa, barbarar tare da ma'adinai takin, weeding, watering, hoeing. Unpretentiousness "yamal", babban cuta juriya, da yawan amfanin ƙasa kwanciyar hankali, high palatability, ta jure m yanayin yanayi yi shi mai kyau zabi ga sabon shiga lambu.

"Amber"

Tumatir "amber" - farkon maturing iri-iri tumatir. Low (kawai 35 cm ba ga tsawo), da bushes su dace da girma ba kawai a cikin kewayen birni yankunan a bude filin, amma kuma a kan balconies na Apartment gine-gine. A cikin bushes nunarsa asali rawaya tumatir.

Daga farko harbe kafin na farko cikakke 'ya'yan itace da ke hawa zuwa kwanaki 100. Kula da al'ada, kamar yadda ga sauran irin tumatir: weeding, watering, barbarar, hoeing. Da murabba'in mita dasa zuwa 9 shuke-shuke.

Tumatir nauyi zuwa 55 grams, diamita - 2.5-3 cm, mai siffar zobe siffar, da santsi, ko zinariya rawaya. A 'ya'yan itatuwa nunarsa kusan a lokaci guda. Da ake samu na zuwa 6 kg 1 m ^2. Suna da kyau kwarai da dandano. Su za a iya amfani da sabo ne da kuma ga kiyayewa. Yellow tumatir zai yi ado da tebur.

A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa m yanayin yanayi, macrosporiosis da phytophthora. A musamman fasali na janyewar sun hada da kula low zafi (shayar kawai dumi ruwa bayan faduwar rana), hoeing da weeding bukata gona a lokacin da ciyayi lokaci. Tumatir "amber" bada shawarar ga namo novice mai son lambu.

A daidai zabi na iri da dogara a kan inganci da yawa girbi, ta dace da aiki ko dogon lokaci tsare. Guide da tumatir aiki: da amfani da sabo, blank tumatur domin hunturu, da ikon canja wurin 'ya'yan sufuri gagara shafe tsawon ajiya yanayi, da dai sauransu ...

Regionalized tumatir iri ana fi dacewa dace domin namo a wasu yanayin zones. Wannan gradation iri taimaka lambu don yin da hakkin zabi da kuma samar da wani barga yawan amfanin ƙasa na tumatir a wani yanki na Birnin Leningrad yankin.