Turai hadewa: tarihi da kuma wayewar

United Turai, a jihar ba tare da kan iyakoki - cikakken mafarki na mutane da yawa falsafa, jama'a Figures, 'yan siyasa da kuma kawai talakawa' yan ƙasa. Amma ta ya iya farin ba haka ba da dadewa, a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th.

A kadan tarihi

Tarayyar Turai A ra'ayin na ilimi bai bayyana fita daga babu inda. Sai ya zama wani irin samfurin na zamantakewa da siyasa halin da ake ciki a Turai a karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Yana da ya wajaba a kula da kuma karfafa m balance tsakanin manyan kasashen duniya, ya haifar da wani real 'yan adawa ga sabon yiwuwar asalin farkisanci, don ya dauke da rafke tattalin arzikin, mayar da bunkasa kasa da kasa girma daga cikin manyan kasashen yammacin Turai kasashe a duniya mataki. Wannan ya muhimmanci musamman a cikin hasken da samuwar wani, manyan jam'iyyun siyasa sansanonin - gurguzu - kasashen Gabashin Turai, a karkashin jagorancin tarayyar Soviet, kazalika saboda da m shigar azzakari cikin farji na Turai kasuwar na USA. Sa'an nan kasar Sin ta sanar da kansa ƙarfi isa.

Don nasarar adawa da masu zaman kansu da ci gaban tattalin arziki na wani guda Power jari hujja sansanin da ake bukata na kowa kasuwar, wanda ya kunshi miliyan 250 mutane ko fiye. Babu shakka, babu daya, ko mafi cigaban yammacin kasar ba zai sadu da irin bukatun. A halin da ake ciki da aka aggravated da m gasar da kuma kishi a cikin sansanin - tsakanin wannan France, Jamus, Belgium, da dai sauransu.

Farga da inganci da kuma wajibcin ha shuwagabannin warware babban batun: da ka'idodin waɗanda Turai hadewa kamata a dogara? Ko ya dauki wani samfurin of America, kuma su tsai da Amurka na Turai, ko don takura wasu yarjejeniyoyi a fagen siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a hadin gwiwa, ba tare da bayyana mulki? Rigima lokacin a kan wannan batu akwai wannan rana, suka gani da babban matakai na Turai hadewa.

EU: a lokacin takeoff

Saboda haka, sannu a hankali, mataki-mataki, da manyan kasashen yammacin Duniya fara bi manufar rapprochement da kuma daidaituwa - na farko a kan wani m-akai, da samar da "Coal da Karfe" da "Euratom", simplifying kwastan iko da kuma shirya wani guda kwastan yanki for free motsi a cikin shi a matsayin mutane, da dukiya, babban birnin kasar, da dai sauransu Kuma a sa'an nan shi aka kafa da sauran majalisu yanayi a fuskar European Council da kuma majalisar Turai.

A ra'ayin na hadin zama Popular, mafi kuma mafi fili gane anfanin ta. Don da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, da abun da ke ciki na Tarayyar Turai ya ƙara muhimmanci. Saboda haka, Turai hadewa nuna kara fifiko na kowa ayyuka kan zaman kansa bukatun da ke jihar a fagen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da waɗanda gaske duniya canje-canje a duniya siyasa, da tattalin arziki, wanda ya faru a rabi na biyu na karni na 20th.

A paradox na geopolitics na wannan zamani ne cewa, a matsayin manyan US gasa a kasuwannin duniya , da kuma fada da Amurka domin rinjayar da kwanciyar hankali a duniya mataki, da EU kasashen suke da karfi, sãshensu waliyyai da ita a cikin NATO soja da siyasa kungiyar a Cold War da Tarayyar Soviet, a cikin wani kokarin lashe fiye da jihar na Eastern Turai gurguzu kungiyar.

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da halakar da Turai gurguzu kwayoyin, ba shakka, ba zai iya zama a kan hannu a ko'ina cikin West. Kasashen da tsohon Warsaw yarjejeniya samu wani real 'yanci da damar da za su kai-kafiya, kazalika da mafi yawan tsohon jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet. "Kõfatansu a kan duwatsu nineties" da aka kafa ba kawai ga kawai samu matsayi na "jiha" da Rasha, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, da dai sauransu, amma kuma ga Romania, Poland, da Balkans, da dai sauransu .., watau sararin ƙasa, wanda ya faru a Jihar zamantakewa da siyasa da tattalin arziki rikicin.

Farga da cewa shi kadai ba zai tsira da Turai hadewa - yanzu da kawai dama mataki, kasashen Gabashin Turai fara neman goyon baya a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Na'am, kuma ga Baltic, da kuma daga baya Ukraine, Moldova ta Accession ga EU visa-free gwamnatin ya zama wani muhimmin alama na waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin.

Task tare da biyu unknowns

Idan har zuwa wannan lokaci guda Turai al'umma zarcewa kamar daidai da ci gaba tattalin arziki jiki, kasashe na tsohon Tarayyar kungiyar a wannan batun, karfi da lagging a bãyan yammacin makwabta. Saboda matakai na gaba na Turai hadewa sun saboda wani wuya zabi: dauki wadannan kasashe wajen EU, da fahimtar cewa yammacin iko a fuskar dauka a kan wani fairly dogon ballast ko ki shigarwa. Amma sai ya kasance a m barazana jima ko daga baya Rasha za ta dauki baya ta bata matsayi a matsayin superpower. Kuma Gabashin Turai za a sake a geopolitical madawwama biyu na Moscow ta tasiri. Babu shakka, wannan halin da ake ciki ba a janyo hankalin zuwa yamma. Brussels da Washington saboda widen ƙofofin EU da NATO, shan liyãfa ga abun da ke ciki, ba kawai tsohon gurguzu kasashen, amma kuma da uku Baltic jihohi.

Kara yawan ba ya nufin ingancin kyautata. Mikawa da yanayin ikon yinsa, daga cikin kungiyar da kuma Sphere da tasiri, EU, a lokaci guda, samu wani babba yawan kasawan "karami yan'uwa", amma a yammacin Turai tattalin arzikin shar'anta wani tsanani load. Kuma gasar tare da Amurka, kuma, ya kamata ba dole manta, America ne a ko'ina bi nasu bukatun, ko da idan "abokai" tare da kungiyar kasashen Turai.

wasu tunani

Kamar kowane babbar yankin mahaluži, ba kawai za ta cikin matakai na Turai hadewa da UPS da kuma hambarar da. Manyan tattalin arziki, mai fatan aka liƙe a kan guda Turai kudin da cewa ya kamata ya zama mafi girma da kuma mafi muhimmanci fiye da dollar hankali kau da ta daukaka a kasuwannin duniya da kuma tada tattalin arzikin da kungiyar tarayyar. A farkon 2000s halitta Yuro, wanda ikirarin duniya ta ajiye banki rubutu. By kanta, da ra'ayin da aka asali daidai. Kuma a cikin Maastricht yarjejeniyar a fili aka wajabta sharudda cewa kamata ya zabi 'yan takara na Euro. Babban hankali da aka biya a cikin kasafin kudin gaira - shi aka ba su wuce 3 bisa dari na GDP. Hakika, ba kowa da kowa ya yi daidai a cikin wadannan frameworks. Duk da haka, a cikin Yuro yankin da aka dauka - sun taka rawar da Amurka mataki "opaque." Wannan shawarar dai irin na lokacin bam, da kuma EU mambobi - garkuwa da halin da ake ciki.

A duban farko, da Yuro ne quite jimre da manufa, da kuma a yau ta kudi ne mafi girma fiye da dollar. Amma m, kuma a ko'ina cikin shakka daga abin da gargajiya "kore" kudin. Wani sabon zagaye na tattalin arziki da rikicin girgiza kasashen Turai, suna barazana ga wanzuwar EU. Girka, Portugal, Spain, Ireland ja wani kwanon rufi-Turai tattalin arziki jirgin zuwa kasa. Eh, da kuma EU kanta "jin dadi" ba za smoothly, da rikicin - a rikicin shi ne. A fili yake cewa Turai hadewa ba a bayar ga wadannan matakai na ta zama. Finance rikicin kasashen da su biyan haraji - tsada sosai, har ma ga manyan masu bada taimako na Euro. Amma wani paradox: yiwuwar rabu da ballast kasashen rasa. Dokoki ayyukan for tallafi daga Tarayyar Turai, da Yuro yankin raya, amma fitarwa daga wadannan sharudda - ba! Kuma su kansu fita daga brainchild, haifar da wani sabon ƙawance na manyan Yammacin jihohin iya ba - ko su antagonized tsohon makwabta da abokan aiki. Kuma Putin ta Rasha ne a kan hanya, mayar da hankali a kan karfafa post-Soviet sarari, kuma kada ku miss da damar dawo da tsohon Sphere da tasiri a Gabashin Turai.

binciken

Saboda haka, su hana nasu gazawar, da ginshiƙai na EU, musamman Jamus da kuma Faransa, a zahiri tilasta don tallafa wa majiɓinta. Wa iya amfana daga wannan? Amsar mai sauki. A Yuro rasa ta dogara da ba zai iya gasa da Amurka dollar. Shi ne da Amurka, ko da yake a halin yanzu jihar na rikicin, da su kansu ba su dadi, ne mafi gamsu da irin mawuyacin matsayi na EU.

A halin yanzu, kungiyar EU ne a tsaka-tsaki: shi ne ba zai yiwu ba to bari je na rauni kasashen ƙarƙashin rinjayar Moscow, amma kuma kiyaye su sosai m. Duk da haka, shi ya bayyana a yi: mutum da siyasa burinsu ne ko da yaushe tsada ...